Terms : Hide Images
| 82003213 | Bedouin | nomadic cultures who herded camels and goats and lived in kin-related clan groups who moved around in tent emcampments | 0 | |
| 82003214 | shaykh | a leader of a bedouin tribe/ clan | 1 | |
| 82003215 | main reason for Bedouin rivalries | control of pasture land and watering places | 2 | |
| 82003216 | Mecca | located in the Arabian peninsula in a mountainous region near the coast of the Red Sea | 3 | |
| 82003217 | Quraysh | the Bedouin tribe to which the Umayyads clan belongs | 4 | |
| 82003218 | Umayyad | The clan, belonging to the larger Quraysh tribe, that founded Mecca | 5 | |
| 82003219 | Ka'ba | a religious shrine built by Abraham from the pre-Islamic era located in Mecca which attracted traders/ tourists and its presence called for a truce of interclan rivals during certain times of the year | 6 | |
| 82003220 | Medina | an oasis town northeast of Mecca that was contested by two bedouin tribes and three Jewish tribes until Muhammad, who was related to the people there on his mother's side, brought order to the territory and it became know to be the city of the prophet (present day Abyssinia) | 7 | |
| 82003221 | Bedouin religion | blend of animism and polytheism; it didn't have much to do with ethics (that was taken care of in the unwritten codes of honor and tribal customs) | 8 | |
| 82003222 | Muhammad | founder of Islam; born in 570 C.E. into the Qurayish tribe (specifically into the Banu Hashim clan). He was raised by his uncle and worked as a merchant. | 9 | |
| 82003223 | Khadijah | A woman for whom Muhammad worked when he lived in Mecca ( and whom he eventually married) | 10 | |
| 82003224 | Allah | the God of Islam who was revealed to Muhammad in approx 610 by the angel Gabriel | 11 | |
| 82003225 | Hijira | Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina in 622` | 12 | |
| 82003226 | Muslims | "those who surrender to God" | 13 | |
| 82003227 | Muhammad defeats mecca | 630 C.E. with the help of many allies whom he had acquired throughout the years ( a couple years earlier in 628 the Quraysh had offered a truce allowing Muhammad to visit the Ka'ba in Mecca) | 14 | |
| 82064093 | Umma | community of the faithful | 15 | |
| 82064094 | zakat | a tax for charity | 16 | |
| 82064095 | 5 pillars of Islam | 1) There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet. 2) pray towards the holy city of Mecca 3) Fast during the month of Ramadan 4) Zakat (alms for the poor) 5) Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) | 17 | |
| 82064096 | Muhammad's death | 632 | 18 | |
| 82064097 | Sharia | drawn from the Quran and is the Islamic holy law which sets guidelines for daily life | 19 | |
| 82064098 | Egalitarian society | all people are seen as equals | 20 | |
| 82064099 | Madrasas | Schools established throughout the Muslim empire to promote Islamic values (12th century) | 21 | |
| 82064100 | Caliph | the political and religious successor to Muhammad | 22 | |
| 82064101 | Muhammad Ali | the cousin and son in law to Muhammad | 23 | |
| 82064102 | Abu Bakr | the first Caliph, reigned from 632 to 634 and he wasn't super powerful | 24 | |
| 82064103 | Ridda Wars | a military campaign by Abu Bakr against rival prophets/ clans--> raids to the north of Arabia into Iraq, Egypt, and SYria (started probing around outside of the Arabian peninsula; it gave warriors a common enemy so they wouldnt turn on eachother) - the people werent really interested in converting people, they just wanted booty | 25 | |
| 82064104 | jihad | holy wars to forcefully spread Islam (doesn't apply to the early Muslim expansion seen in the Ridda Wars) | 26 | |
| 82064105 | Sansanian Empire | The Persian empire that fought for power in the fertile crescent area ((along with the Byzantine empire)) that was defeated by the Muslims in 651 (they were relatively easy to defeat) | 27 | |
| 82064106 | Byzantine Empire | The tougher opponent empire in the fertile crescent area who controlled not only Syria and western Iraq, bu Egypt as well ( by 640, the Muslims had a pretty good hold on them and were probing into egypt but it was never fully conquered) | 28 | |
| 82064107 | Battle of tours | Who fought the moors at the battle of tours in 732? It was Charles Martel and her fought like hell, and what it is it to you? Well it is the westernmost border for the Muslim empire! | 29 | |
| 82064108 | Uthman | the 3rd Caliph and the 1st to be chosen from the Umayyad clan, who was murdered in 656 as a political statement to promote Ali as the rightful caliph--> rift between Shi'ite and Sunnis | 30 | |
| 82064109 | Battle of the Camel | a battle in late 656 that was won by Ali, and won many supporters for him against the Umayyads | 31 | |
| 82064110 | Battle of Siffin | a battle in 657 in which Ali almost defeated the Umayyads but Ali halted the battle because of a plea of mediation from the opposer (this action drove many of Ali's supporters away from him) | 32 | |
| 82064111 | Mu'awiya | the leader of the Umayyads in 660 who was proclaimed caliph in Jerusalem while Ali was still alive (challenging his position) | 33 | |
| 82064112 | Sunnis | the half of the Muslims that backed the Umayyads | 34 | |
| 82064113 | Shi'is | the supporters of Ali and his son (Hasan) | 35 | |
| 82064114 | Umayyad Dynasty | 661-760-its claim to power revived the muslim conquests and forces went to India, spain, north africa the Mediterranean, (only blocked to the west by charles martel) - they wanted to separate themselves from these conquered people as an elite (FULLY SUPPORTED BY ARAB PEOPLE- during this time Islam was the religion of a small warrior elite) | 36 | |
| 82064115 | Damascus | A town in Syria that became the capitol of the Muslim empire under the Umayyads | 37 | |
| 82064116 | Dome of the Rock | mosque in Jerusalem that was built during the Umayyad dynasty | 38 | |
| 82064117 | Mawali | Conquered people who converted to Islam during the Umayyad dynasty (the umayyads didnt really want them to convert because they wanted to keep on taxing them) but the were taxed anyway for being non- Arab muslims | 39 | |
| 82064118 | JIzya | the head tax that the Umayyad dynasty called for on nonbelievers (and non-arab converts) | 40 | |
| 82064119 | dimmis | "people of the book"- or conquered people who worshipped other major religions such as judaism and christianity (book reffering to bible) and these people's religions were tolerated | 41 | |
| 82064120 | hadiths | traditions of the prophet that were recorded by women | 42 | |
| 82066070 | harem | a secluded room in the back of houses and palaces where woman stayed (it was guarded by a eunuch) | 43 | |
| 82068588 | Abu al-Abbas | a distant relative of Muhammad who allied with the Shi'ites (though when they got power, they sided with the sunnis) and the Mawli to defeat the Umayyad dynasty | 44 | |
| 82068589 | Abbisad Dynasty | ruled from 750-1258 (defeated by the Mongols) - they fully intigrated mawli/ new converts into Muslim society -they were into spreading Islam (persians especially took advantage of this) | 45 | |
| 82068590 | Battle on the River Zab | the battle near the Tigris river 750 that was th turning point for the Abbisads to defeat the Umayyad dynasty | 46 | |
| 82073795 | Baghdad | The city in Iraq that the Abbisads built as their capitol of the Muslim empire | 47 | |
| 82073796 | wazir | the chief administrator of the Abbasid court (who doubled as an exocutioner) | 48 | |
| 82073797 | Harum al-rashid (the upright) | a contempory of Charlemagne. He was the 5th Caliph of the Abbasid dynasty. He made bagdad a powerful center for trade and banking. The arts were thriving (he beilieved in them). | 49 | |
| 82073798 | Tang and Song dynasties | the Powers in china during the Abbasid dynsasty with whom the Abbasids traded | 50 | |
| 82073799 | dhows | sailing vessels with lateen (triangular) sails | 51 |
