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| 7292914418 | settling down (first villages) | until about 10,000 B.C. groups migrated to and fro, but about 10,000 B.C. they settled into agricultural communities | 0 | |
| 7292969434 | Fertile crescent | also called the "Cradle of Civilization". Great agricultural region. also where the first villages emerged | 1 | |
| 7292974325 | Domesticated animals | in the Fertile Crescent, gazelles and goats were hunted but later the goat and sheep were domesticated as well as pigs in Turkey | 2 | |
| 7292980351 | Neolithic | "The New Stone Age". This is where villages started to emerge, and named for its tools not crops | 3 | |
| 7293018994 | Fertile Crescent bordering countries were what? | 1. Iraq 2. Iran 3. Jordan 4. Syria 5. Turkey | 4 | |
| 7293025309 | innovation | an explanation that has similar traits, objects, or techniques have appeared in many different regions, but have not been spread | 5 | |
| 7293032895 | Diffusion | The spread of ideas from culture to culture | 6 | |
| 7293036759 | Primary innovated areas (there are 7 of them) | 1. Nile 2. Indus 3. Huang He 4. Niger 5. Mexico 6. Andes Mountains 7. Mespotamia | 7 | |
| 7293044133 | Metalurgy | Era before the Bronze age | 8 | |
| 7293046937 | Diplomats | needed to negotiate trade with City-States | 9 | |
| 7293049512 | Tigris | one of the rivers in the "land of 2 rivers" and is also modern day Iran | 10 | |
| 7293053329 | Euphrates | one of the rivers in the "land of 2 rivers" and is also modern day Iran | 11 | |
| 7293062193 | what were some of the challenges faced for the Fertile Crescent? | 1. flooding 2. High temperatures | 12 | |
| 7293065260 | What were the 6 warring city-states | 1. kish 2. Uruk 3. Ur 4. Nippur 5. Lavash 6. Uma | 13 | |
| 7293070311 | what are Ziggurats | priest built structures, they built them on square or rectangular platforms. they also had sanctuary on top of these! and they could be up o 10 stories high | 14 | |
| 7293097137 | Pictograms | writing system where pictures represented words or phrases | 15 | |
| 7293099011 | Ideograms | writing system where characters are used to form words: includes Chinese and numerals | 16 | |
| 7293101368 | Epic of Gilgamesh | Sumerian Literature, Most complete version is found in Nineveh from about 750 BC, but the story dates back to 2,600 BC | 17 | |
| 7293106888 | Cuneiform | writing system developed by Sumerians where you carve marks into soft clay with a stylus | 18 | |
| 7293113059 | First system of writing was developed by who? | ancient Sumerians | 19 | |
| 7293114846 | the gift of the Nile was also known as what? | Eqypt | 20 | |
| 7293116438 | Settlements across the nile | by 3600 BC a string of villages had emerged across the nile | 21 | |
| 7293118948 | Walled towns | Emerged in Egypt by 3,300 BC. some where by the upper nile( Nagada and Hierakonopolis) | 22 | |
| 7293124343 | Hieroglyphics | writing system of Pictograms and Ideograms and also was called "sacred Carvings" | 23 | |
| 7293128232 | Unification of Egypt | around 3,100 BC Egypt became unified. All people became one single ethnicity. People came from all directions: Semites from the east desert, Phoenicians from the sea coast, Africans Nubia and heart of Africa and the Europeans from across the Mediterranean | 24 | |
| 7293140634 | Menes | often seen as the first king of Egypt but there is evidence supporting that there are kings from 200 years earlier | 25 | |
| 7293144576 | Memphis | Larger cities were political capitols. Memphis to was the north | 26 | |
| 7293147628 | Thebes | Larger cities were political capitols. Thebes to was the south | 27 | |
| 7293152890 | the old kingdom | Fell in 2,181 due to a drought and famine | 28 | |
| 7293155178 | the middle kingdom | established by Mentuhotep after he defeated rivals to the north and united the kingdom. Trade was revived. Fine arts and literature flourished. Ended with Nubian and Hyksos invation | 29 | |
| 7293162213 | The New Kingdom | Rose as an empire as Egypt asserted authority over Nubia and large regions of Palestine and Syria. This period is known for destruction and construction of Akhenaten | 30 | |
| 7293171187 | what are the 4 areas developed primary urbanization after sumer? | 1. yellow river valley 2. Mesopotamia 3. South American pacific coastal plains 4. Niger River valley of west Africa | 31 | |
| 7293203835 | Xia, Shang, Zhou Dynasties | Yangshao culture also known as the "Black pottery culture" shows neolithic patterns by 8,000 BC. Developed the flute. they had rice, wheat, and domesticated animals like dogs, pigs, goats. Yangshao lasted until 2,700 BC. Longshan culture comprised a more sophisticated Neolithic people. Had pottery on wheels, Domesticated sheep and cattle. Xia (2205-1766): evidence is sparse. Urbanization is under Shang (1766-256)BC: Consolidated city and state and left best archaeology remains and written records of early dynasty. Original dating suggest that the states succeeded one after another, but recent studies show that 3 dynasties may have co-existed in neighboring regions, one having more power and prestige than the other. Cities may have developed by the time of Shang. Capitols shifted frequently. Dynasty were wealthy, and controlled large work gangs. Sharp class distinctions included different cemeteries for wealthy and poor. Chinese cities were also religious centers with wings presiding over rituals and administration and warfare. Human and animal sacrifice for religion | 32 | |
| 7293268137 | Similarities of all 3 cities | 1. walled cities 2. political structures | 33 | |
| 7293269705 | who became more hierarchal while reducing power of women | Xia | 34 | |
| 7293278344 | Who were the leaders of the Xia meditated between | 1.world of spirits 2. men | 35 | |
| 7293282839 | Xia produced what? | 1. carved jade 2. bronze weapons and pictograms | 36 | |
| 7293284646 | Tia was one believed to be what? | Mythical | 37 | |
| 7293285973 | Shang controlled what? | Networks of cities from the capitol | 38 | |
| 7293291252 | Under shang | relatives controlled other cities and represented the kings interests and shared local harvest | 39 | |
| 7293301737 | Shang controlled what | 40,000 square miles | 40 | |
| 7293314240 | Shang shifted capitols how often? | frequently | 41 | |
| 7293316220 | family and novels under Shang lived within what? | city wall comprised of a palace and a ritual center | 42 | |
| 7293321243 | who were put outside the wall? | the residents, craftsmen, and cemeteries | 43 | |
| 7293325290 | where were the wealthy cemeteries | north | 44 | |
| 7293327065 | where were the poor cemeteries | south | 45 | |
| 7293327066 | capitol of middle period | huanbei- capitol of Shang, it dates to 1400 BC. has a 2 square mile enclosure with ramed earth walls. Bronze was discovered here | 46 | |
| 7293332552 | Anyang | the last Shang capitol. Last and most powerful center of shang. Was heavily farmed and looted with few artifacts. Excellent bronze was produced for ritual purposes but weapons enhanced power of Shang | 47 | |
| 7293341090 | Zhou | reduced Shang to a small warring power, produced written records. Developed mandate of heaven | 48 | |
| 7293347110 | what is the mandate of heaven? | the idea that only one legitimate power could control China. used to overthrow Shang | 49 |
