Unit 1 Study Guide
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| 7524723959 | Prehistory | The period before writing | 0 | |
| 7524723960 | Homo erectus | "Upright-walking human," which existed from 2,000,000 to 200,000 years ago; Homo erectus used cleavers and hand axes and learned to how to control fire | 1 | |
| 7524723961 | Venus figurines | Paleolithic communities worshipped in hopes of ensuring fertility | 2 | |
| 7524723962 | Slash and burn agriculture | To prepare a field for cultivation, I community with/bark off trees in a forest and later burn the dead trees to the ground; resulted in weed-free, extremely fertile land; farmers had to migrate | 3 | |
| 7524723963 | Gilgamesh | Legendary king of the Mesopotamian city state of Uruk, subject of the epic of Gilgamesh, world's oldest complete epic literary masterpiece | 4 | |
| 7524723964 | Early metal working | Copper was the earliest metal used | 5 | |
| 7524723965 | Mesopotamia | Meaning: "the land between the rivers" Women: sometimes advised kings, some highpriestesses, some obtained formal educations, worked as scribes, midwives, shopkeepers, etc.; it was insisted they were virgins upon marriage | 6 | |
| 7524723966 | Ziggurat | Mesopotamian temples | 7 | |
| 7524723967 | Hittites | Responsible for the construction of light, horse-drawn war chariots and the refinement of iron metallurgy | 8 | |
| 7524723968 | Nebuchadnezzar | Lead sixth century BCE Babylon resurgence of power; had lavish wealth and resources; built the hanging Gardens of Babylon | 9 | |
| 7524723969 | Sumerians | Constructed elaborate irrigation networks, dominant people of Mesopotamia, populations reaching 100,000, built the worlds first cities, reservoirs, and canals | 10 | |
| 7524723970 | Cuneiform | Sumerian form of writing; symbolistic writing | 11 | |
| 7524723971 | Moses | Encourage monotheism to the Israelites | 12 | |
| 7524723972 | Languages of Indo-European origins | Indo-Iranian, Greek, Balto-Slavic, Celtic, etc. | 13 | |
| 7524723973 | Egypt was referred to as the "the gift of the Nile" | Egyptian explorer Harkhuf penned the term | 14 | |
| 7524723974 | When were the largest Egyptian pyramids built? | The old kingdom | 15 | |
| 7524723975 | Hatshepsut | First female pharaoh | 16 | |
| 7524723976 | Cult of Amon-Re | Associated two gods, Amon and Re and combined them; Temple at Heliopolis | 17 | |
| 7524723977 | Osiris | God of the underworld | 18 | |
| 7524723978 | Bantu | Spread the establishment of agricultural societies; similar to the Indo-Europeans | 19 | |
| 7524723979 | Aryans | Chief god- Indra Religious and literary works- also known as the Vedas | 20 | |
| 7524723980 | Harappan | Located- India Lack in information- if any/all literary works submerged, suffer water damage Decline- deforestation, famine, agricultural decline | 21 | |
| 7524723981 | Social classes in the Vedic Age | Called- Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras, Harijans/Untouchables Power- Men had the most power | 22 | |
| 7524723982 | Lawbook of Manu | Place women explicitly under the authority of men | 23 | |
| 7524723983 | What did the authors of the Upanishads believe? | To be reincarnated up the classes and eventually reach the top and live in the afterlife with their God | 24 | |
| 7524723984 | Karma | Hindu concept that the sum of good and bad in a person's life will determine his or her status in the next life | 25 | |
| 7524723985 | China's Sorrow | Yellow/ Huang He River | 26 | |
| 7524723986 | Banpo | Earliest Chinese archaeological site | 27 | |
| 7524723987 | Mandate of heaven | Chinese belief that the emperors ruled through the mandate, or approval, of heaven, contingent on their ability to look after the welfare of the population | 28 | |
| 7524723988 | Oracle bones | Chinese Shang dynasty means of foretelling the future | 29 | |
| 7524723989 | Zhou and the Book of Emperors | Chinese dynasty that was the foundation of Chinese thought form during this period: Confucianism, Daoism, Zhou Classics | 30 | |
| 7524723990 | Mayan ritual bloodletting | Blood flow was associated with rain and agriculture; the blood pleased their gods and caused plenty of rain for a bountiful harvest | 31 | |
| 7524723991 | Olmec | Meaning- "the rubber people" Artistic creation- Olmec heads carved from basalt Trade- traded in Jaden and obsidian | 32 | |
| 7524723992 | Tikal | Most important Maya political center | 33 | |
| 7524723993 | Chichen Itza | Most preserved Mayan ruins in the Yucatán peninsula; people's based there state on the Mayans | 34 | |
| 7524723994 | Mayan ritual calendar | Solar year of 365 days governed agricultural cycle, ritual year of 260 days governed daily affairs by arranging time into "months" of 13 days a piece | 35 | |
| 7524723995 | Popol Vuh | Maya creation myth; gods made people from maize and water, which turned into blood and flesh | 36 | |
| 7524723996 | Pyramid of the Sun | Largest single structure in Mesoamerica; located in Teotihuacan | 37 | |
| 7524723997 | Who were the first settlers on the large, African island of Madagascar? | Oceanic peoples/Australians (Laptia?) | 38 |
