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| 7460698787 | Describe the lifestyle and survival strategies of Paleolithic Society | Known as the old stone age, the economy was based on hunting and gathering which was also their means of living. Status was relatively equal, however, because men were hunters, status was determined by age, strength, or intelligence; because women were the homemakers, status was determined by fertility or personality. | 0 | |
| 7460731998 | Explain how early humans used tools and technologies to establish communities. | The ability to tend a fire and the creation of cleavers and axes, along with previously invented tools and weapons, furnished early humans a means to cook their food, a defense against predators, and a source of artificial heat, aiding their survival and also became centers of civilizations. Nonetheless, their higher preforming brain was the most powerful tool they had- it would create languages, devise plans, and coordinate activities. | 1 | |
| 7460821049 | Explain how people used technology to overcome geographic barriers in migration. | With the use of fire, Homo erectus was now able to migrate to the frigid climates of the world Australopithicus was never able to. Increasing control of the environment and the introduction of the human species to all of the world were 2 large examples of how tools and fire made migration to various regions of the world possible. | 2 | |
| 7460827746 | Describe characteristics of society in the Neolithic settlement known as Catal Huyuk. | The once undistinguished Neolithic village grew to be a bustling town. The village was likely a large center of production and trade of obsidian tools due to its close proximity to obsidian deposits. The pottery, metallurgy, and textile production of Catal Huyuk described the potential of specialized labor. Pottery would soon become a good investment to a surplus food service, metallurgy of copper would create good trade of jewelry, but also use of new tools such as knives and hoes, and textile production would later become one of the most important enterprises in agricultural society. | 3 | |
| 7460834000 | Analyze the connection between food surplus and Specialization of Labor. | Those who did not participate in hunting and gathering, the artisans and craftsmen, relied on food surplus. While many hunters did not store their food for long periods of time, clay pots and other means of storage were used to store food for longer periods of time. | 4 | |
| 7460841706 | Explain how hunter-gatherer, pastoralist, and settled agricultural societies adapted to and affected their environments over time. | Hunter-gatherers relied mostly on the movement of animals, the growth of wild plants, and the tools they created for their survival, while pastoralists looked for the tamer animals to later domesticate and raise to suffice their own needs. On the other hand, societies based on agriculture learned the movement of the seasons to determine the best times to grow and also dabbled in selective breeding to supply the best output of each crop. | 5 | |
| 7460845112 | Compare Paleolithic and Neolithic societies | Paleolithic- "Old Stone Age" Hunting and Gathering main system of economy Basic tools used (axes, hammers, etc) Mastered the art of fire Neolithic- "New Stone Age" Trade has now become a newer system of economy, however still dependent on hunting and gathering Used the mastery of fire in other ways than protection or cooking, such as the use of heat to harden pottery, or to soften metal in order to shape it into tools Specialization of Labor- pottery, metallurgy, textile production Overall updated version from Paleolithic | 6 | |
| 7460850324 | Explain how environmental factors influenced human migrations and settlements. | After the last Ice Age, Neolithic peoples took advantage of the general warming, increased rainfall, and stable climate the earth would experience to farm, so they most likely located to flat grasslands with dry, fertile soil. These areas were most likely surrounded by rivers or streams as that was a main source of irrigation. The Neolithic peoples of Mesopotamia scheduled their harvest season around the seasonal flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates. Egyptians scheduled around the flooding of the Nile where rain and melting snow would swell the waters. | 7 | |
| 7460854112 | Explain how human migrations affected the environment. | Neolithic peoples did not have as harsh of an impact on the environment as we do today. However, they altered the land to be suitable to them just as we do today. Canals were built for irrigation and eventually travel, a bridge of boats was designed by the Persians to cross water, and so many other things. However, they did also use hunting as a main source of protein, though hunting did not leave a major finger print on the environment. | 8 | |
| 7460858783 | Explain how religious belief systems developed and spread. | The result of the diverse religions we have today is most likely the result of catch and release of ancient religions- one person likely created a single religious thought that was caught onto by others and elaborated. When others didn't agree with something of this religion, they established their own and found followers and supporters. This branching effect most likely continued for some time as each newly developed religion spread and gained a following. | 9 | |
| 7460865575 | Analyze how a law code such as Hammurabi's Code can provide insight into the values of a society. | Hammurabi desired justice as a prevailing attribute of his society. He did not want the strong to oppress the weak, thus longing for a modern day equality among his people. His society would later be based on a series of laws establishing high standards of behavior and provide strict punishments for violators. His laws could be comparable to the Golden Rule, do unto others as you want done unto you. | 10 | |
| 7460877211 | Explain and compare how teachings and social practices of different religions and secular belief systems affected gender roles and family structure. | Mesopotamians built a patriarchal society that vested authority over public and private affairs to adult men. Within their household, men decided the work of other family members and made marriage arrangements for their children. Men also dominated public life- men ruled as kings and public policies and laws rested almost completely in the hands of men. Social life was also impacted by the Code of Hammurabi where a vision of equality among several social classes was desired; the actions of one to another would be reflected onto himself. | 11 | |
| 7460882995 | Compare the origins, principle beliefs, and practices of the major world religions and belief systems. | With the desire to display a distinguished identity from the Mesopotamians and others, around 600 BCE, Jews expressed their conviction to Yahweh in the Torah, along with their concern for justice and righteousness. In the long run, Jewish monotheism, scriptures, and morale profoundly influenced the development of Islam and Christianity. | 12 | |
| 7460891317 | Explain how cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of technologies and scientific knowledge. | The improvement of both the use of horses for chariots and iron metallurgy were seen in warfare throughout European and Asian empires because of their efficiency in flat battlefields. The improvements by the Hyksos and Hittites were adopted by many other civilizations in a series of chain reactions, where today we've found these artifacts and used the simple designs to impact our own inventions such as the automobile. | 13 | |
| 7460897543 | Explain how economic, religious, and political elites defined and sponsored art and architecture. | Both the Ziggurats and Egyptians had pyramids built. Both were used to display significance of their previous leaders and their rule, however since Egypt had a larger work force, the pyramids were much larger, while the Ziggurats could not afford sufficient pay for their workers. | 14 | |
| 7460903745 | Explain and compare how rulers constructed and maintained different forms of governance. | 15 | ||
| 7460908559 | Analyze how the functions and institutions of government have changed over time. | Many previous governments were based on one man's beliefs- there was not always trust from the people as they had no say in the choices of their kings, pharaohs, or other various rulers. Not only did the people not have a say in laws, they also had no impact on the next ruler. Rulers in this era were either born into or married into the throne. Contrastingly, today many types of leadership exist- republicanism, democracy, | 16 | |
| 7460913800 | Analyze the political and economic interactions between states. | 17 | ||
| 7460919324 | Compare the religious and social characteristics of Hebrew Monotheism with that of the Mesopotamians. | Both Hebrew monotheism and the Mesopotamians encouraged an atmosphere where gods take place in nature- trees, mountains, and rocks- however, Moses embraced monotheism; he taught that there was only one god, Yahweh, and the other Mesopotamian gods were imposters, strictly figments of the imagination. | 18 | |
| 7460925303 | Analyze how the Phoenician development of alphabetic writing impacts early civilizations. | Communication between colonies or communities was aided by the establishment of the Phoenician alphabet which essentially created a common ground of language between thousands. With a common language workers and traders were able to satisfy each others' needs. The new alphabet was also much easier to remember than the hundreds of previous Cuneiform symbols. | 19 | |
| 7460930401 | Explain how the taming of horses impacted Indo-Europeans and their expansion across Eurasia. | Horses were most likely used as a food source by the Indo-Europeans at some point, but they eventually had better use. When the Europeans learned to tame horses, the amount they used them to travel increased greatly- they could be ridden and eventually hitched to a chariot, cart, or wagon. This use of transportation made it possible for Indo-European peoples to exploit southern Russia where the chariots and carts were easier travel for long-distance, flat travel. In addition, horses provided the people a means of expanding far beyond their homeland. Nevertheless, horses were also used for war chariots used in battle over flat battlefields. | 20 | |
| 7460947344 | Describe the impact of Hittite inventions of the War Chariot and advanced Metallurgy (Iron Weapons). How do these inventions transform warfare in agrarian civilizations? | The war chariot, because of it's light-weight, maneuverable attributes, became essential to open and flat warfare. Indeed, chariot warfare was so effective that charioteers became the elite strike forces in armies throughout much of the ancient world. With iron metallurgy, the Hittites discovered that by heating and hammering the iron, they could make cheaper, lighter, and stronger weapons and armor rather than melting the iron to pour in to molds. Hittites were not the original inventors of either the chariot or iron metallurgy, however they greatly improved from existing technologies and introduced these innovations that other peoples quickly adopted. | 21 | |
| 7460955280 | Describe the expanding trade network between Egypt and Nubia. Identify the types of goods traded and the nature of this trade relationship. | Specialization of labor and transportation from both countries encouraged the development of long-distance trade. When trade between the countries began after Egypt's search for an escape from the lack of natural resources they had, Nubia began trading exotic African goods such as ebony, leopard skins, ostrich feathers, gold, and slaves down the Nile in exchange for pottery, wine, honey, and finished products from Egypt. | 22 | |
| 7460957740 | Describe the caste system that develops in India | The caste system divides Hindus into 4 main categories- Brahmins, equivalent to priests and teachers Kshatriyas, equivalent to a warrior or ruler Vaishyas, equivalent to farmers, traders and merchants Shudras, equivalent to everyday workers This displayed a born-into social status | 23 | |
| 7460962962 | Explain the significance of the Upanishads and briefly describe the religious ideas of this tradition. | 24 |
