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| 10945988584 | bill of exchange | An order written by an exporter instructing an importer, or an importer's agent, to pay a specified amount of money at a specified time. | 0 | |
| 10946055709 | Credit | the ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future. | 1 | |
| 10946058757 | Checks | written orders to a bank to pay a certain amount of money from a checking account to another person or business | 2 | |
| 10946097953 | Banking house | These European banks developed during the Middle Ages to aid trade. Along with innovations such as bills of exchange, or bank drafts, and credit, the rise of banking houses supported the development of interregional trade in luxury goods. | 3 | |
| 10946128263 | Caravanserai | inn or rest station for caravans | 4 | |
| 10946168488 | Compass | an instrument containing a magnetized pointer that shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it. | 5 | |
| 10946182498 | Astrolabe | An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets | 6 | |
| 10946193586 | Inca road system | A royal network for the Incas, trade, goods, communication, systems which used people by them running and animals as transportation vehicles | 7 | |
| 10946202965 | Hanseatic League | a commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas | 8 | |
| 10946217168 | Byzantium Empire | Constantine tried to stabilize the Roman Empire by making this the new capital of Rome | 9 | |
| 10946235648 | Eastern Orthodox Church | Christian followers in the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire); split from Roman Catholic Church and shaped life in eastern Europe and western Asia | 10 | |
| 10946247971 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code | 11 | |
| 10946264556 | Patriarchy | A form of social organization in which males dominate females | 12 | |
| 10946284114 | Roman Catholicism | A branch of Christianity that developed in the western Roman Empire and that recognized the Pope as its supreme head | 13 | |
| 10946293359 | Feudalism | the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection. | 14 | |
| 10946342584 | Manorialism | Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land. | 15 | |
| 10946391342 | Three-field rotation | in the Middle Ages, a system whereby the planting of crops on manor lands alternates between three fields | 16 | |
| 10946407709 | Charlemagne (Charles the Great) | Son of Pepin, crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III in 800 (this strengthened church/state relationship in W. Europe). Set up empire capital in Aachen (present-day Germany). Had imperial officials 'missi dominici' keep an eye on counts in far reaches. Had monasteries open schools to educate future monks, and a school for palace kids. | 17 | |
| 10946422513 | St. Benedict | a man who developed the monastic way of life in western Europe | 18 |
