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| 11306561006 | Islam | -monotheistic -Muslims -Allah (God) words to Muhammad -words in Qu'ran -submission to God through 5 Pillars -women: legal rights, considered equal to Allah, influence in home and sometimes outside, veiled in public, loyal and care for family, protected and respected | 0 | |
| 11306631852 | Islam 2 Groups | Shia: Muhammads son-in-law Ali heir Sunni: leader from ppl (Aku Bakr became caliph-theocratic Islamic Empire) | 1 | |
| 11306667100 | Umayyad Dynasty | -enlarged Islamic empire -Arabic language -gold and silver standard money -conquered and encouraged convert -replaced by Abbasid -Dome of Rock built on Temple Mount in Jerusalem -attacked Constantinople, failed -tried to spread to Europe through Spain-Charles Martel stopped Muslims, Islam never spread in Europe beyond Spain | 2 | |
| 11306735204 | Vikings | -merchants and fishermen -raids with multi-oared boats -diverse settlements -France: William conquered Anglo-Saxon England (Battle of Hastings) -raided Catholic monasteries -converted to Christianity | 3 | |
| 11306773411 | Tang & Song | -stable -bureaucracy based on merit through civil service exam (Confucian principles-educated,talented, loyal) -extensive transportation and communication (canals) -paper money and letters of credit: trade and cultural diffusion -movable printing: increase of literacy, lower class bureaucrats, and agricultural/technological knowledge -women: Tang empress Wu Zhao, highly patriarchal: beauty/feminine protect | 4 | |
| 11306847074 | Song | -gunpowder in weapons -magnetic compass, bulkheads, stern post rudders made Chinese junks (ships) -increased iron production -steel -under pressure from nomads; withdrew to Hangzhou capital -Confucianism justified women subordination, foot binding | 5 | |
| 11306877466 | Inca | -no writing but language -quipu: record census data and accounting harvest (knotted string) -Andes Mountains, Peru -expansionist, vast territory -bureaucracy -complex roads/ tunnels -polytheistic: sun god most important, moral quality (good, bad) -smaller human sacrifice -rulers mummified and became intermediaries (descended from sun, owned everything) | 6 | |
| 11306909000 | Trade | -Persians and Arabs dominated Indian Ocean -Indian Ocean boats more resilient to large waves -learned monsoon season and wind direction -sailors marry local women (intermix cultures) | 7 | |
| 11306941778 | East Coast Africa | -Bantu-speaking -brought diseases like Malaria -Swahili Coast -Indonesians brought bananas to sub-Sahara Africa -Swahili: mix of Bantu and Arabic -trade with Muslims when Swahili brought gold, slaves, ivory -oral literature | 8 | |
| 11306967232 | Hanseatic League | -city-states in Europe banded to establish common trade practices to fight pirates and foreign gov't for trade monopoly -resulted in middle class (merchants) | 9 | |
| 11307062897 | Chinese in Japan | -Buddhists brought Chinese culture -Buddhism spread but didn't replace Shinto (most followed both) -Prince Shotoku borrowed bureaucratic and legal reforms from Tang (Taika Reforms) -capital modeled on Tang capital -rejected Confucianism and civil service system (birth over education) | 10 | |
| 11307394509 | Chinese in Korea | -trade and force -Korea independent and powerful, became vassal-state for cordial relations -schools and imperial court like Chinese -nobility prevented true bureaucracy -tribute relationship spread Confucianism & Chan Buddhism | 11 | |
| 11307449081 | Chinese in Vietnam | -resisted Tang armies -tribute relationship eventually established -Confucian education -active trade -still had local traditions and continued to revolt | 12 | |
| 11307621381 | African Kingdoms | -when Islamic Empire spread, sub-Saharan Africa trade with Mediterranean economy -salt for gold -sometimes matrilineal -woman demand bride-price | 13 | |
| 11307674073 | Ghana | -gold major resource -traders brought Islam -fought against Muslims in holy war, won but declined | 14 | |
| 11307688377 | Mali | -after Ghana -converted to Islam -Mansa Musa: extended kingdom, pilgrimage to Mecca with gold-carrying camels (overnight sensation) | 15 | |
| 11307721315 | Camels | -crossed Sahara -saddle technology made travel easier | 16 | |
| 11307780707 | Ibn Battuta | Moroccan Muslim scholar -meterological phenomenon led to development of economic system -Islamic societies: supremacy of piety -Indian Ocean trade: commerce foster cultural diffusion | 17 | |
| 11307832703 | Bubonic Plague (Black Death) | -from China -spread through Europe (silk roads) by trade and commerce -crowded and lack of sanitation and medical knowledge helped spread (Christians blamed Jews because they had money and punishment from God) -1/3 Europe dead -traditional feudalism nearly collapsed because manors couldn't function -sped social/economic movements (wage raise for peasants, commercial economy (more freedom, new industries) | 18 | |
| 11307965144 | Byzantine Empire | -eastern Roman Empire -rest Europe small feudal kingdoms (few advancements) -emperors: absolute authority -coined money -Justinian: flourished in trade and arts, Justinian's Code (code of Roman Law), Hagia Sophia, plan to reconquer west half | 19 | |
| 11308033542 | Great Schism | -Roman Catholic of West had Pope as leader of Rome, Byzantine had Patriarchs of Constantinople -disagreed and excommunicated one another -Eastern Orthodoxy (Church of Constantinople-east), and Roman Catholic (west) | 20 | |
| 11308076946 | Russia Impact | -Slavic converted to Christianity by St. Cyril (Orthodox Christian, Cyrillic alphabet) -Prince Vladimir of Kiev abandoned pagan religion and converted to Eastern Orthodoxy (no restriction on food) | 21 | |
| 11308113663 | Mongols | -Genghis Khan unified tribes, set path of expansion -after death, followers split in groups -Golden Horde conquered Russia (vassal state): didn't unify/culturally develop as quickly as west Europe -Kublai Khan ruled China (Yuan): separated Chinese and Mongolians, kept identity and kicked out by Ming, still had traditional practices -destroyed cities, ruthless warriors -Pax Mongolica: empire peace -stifled cultural growth (brutal raids) -superior infrastructure -diffusers of culture -Persia: became Muslim -India: Timur Lang destroyed about everything and massacred -world trade, cultural diffusion, awareness grew (world together) | 22 | |
| 11308181889 | Kush and Axum | -Axum after Kush -Axum converted to Christianity, later many converted to Islam for trade | 23 | |
| 11308235280 | Aztecs | -central Mexico -capital: Tenochtitlan -warriors elite -large population empire by dominating states (conquered governed selves as long as tribute) -religious system tied to military (got victims for human sacrifice) -complex, large number skilled artisans -Polytheistic (idols) | 24 | |
| 11308522080 | Abbasid Dynasty | -defeat by Mongols -capital in Baghdad: cultural center -Sufis missionaries stressing personal relationship with Allah -defeated Tang army (had paper money): figured out how to make paper money and helped build libraries/universities to store writings -preserved writings of ancient Athens/Rome (Plato and Aristotle), and translated to Arabic -Math: expanded knowledge from India (arabic #) | 25 | |
| 11308659738 | Crusades | -Christians threatened by Muslim expansion -Pope Urban started First Crusade because Seljuk Turks took Holy Land (wanted Jerusalem most important city in Christianity) -wanted cause pilgrimages -hoped to reunite Catholic and Eastern Orthodox but separated further -lure of empire and wealth -lead to: interaction between cultures, West Europe rediscovered ancient past preserved by Islamic and Byzantine Empires | 26 | |
| 11308748134 | European Feudalism | -social, economic, political system of Middle Ages, strict hierarchy -top was king, nobles (exchange loyalty, military for sections of kingdoms), split land (fief) smaller to lords/vassals, split lands smaller to subordinate vassals/knights), peasants (worked land in exchange for place to live/protection) -advances in agricultural: 3 field system (rotation of 3 fields) | 27 | |
| 11308851060 | Japanese Feudalism | -Yuritomo Minamoto chief general/shogun (real power, not in emperor) -shogun, daimyo (owned large land, samurai like knights, warrior and nobility), smaller land to lesser samurai (divided land), peasants (worked land) -Code of Bushido: code of conduct for samurai like Code of Chivalry in Europe -Women lost freedom in Fujiwara Period, harsher/demeaning | 28 | |
| 11308936237 | Skilled Artisans | -peasants skilled in trades other than farming, west Europe trading with rest world= extra income (elevation in status, politically active) -"middle class" craftsmen/merchants -wealthy merchant towns: independent, more interdependent than manors (social mobility) -towns formed alliances -after Black Death | 29 | |
| 11309017109 | Gothic Architecture | -cathedrals, multipurpose -early Middle Ages: bulky Romanesque Style -Later Gothic Style to be close to god: flying buttresses (support for tall windows), vaulted ceilings (pointed arches) | 30 | |
| 11309067247 | Chinese Urban Centers | -Tang: military garrisons along trade routes, Chang'an capital (center of tribute system) (countries sent ambassadors) (champa: fast ripening rice from Vietnam, new agricultural techniques and increased food supply led to population growth) -spread Chinese influence and brought religion, etc in China -steppe nomads united trade links across Eurasia | 31 | |
| 12342869817 | Changes in women | -restrictions depended on class -upper: women overcome status if no male heir or he young, but if upper freedoms further restricted | 32 |
