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| 170487833 | Silk Road | The Caravan route that crossed Central Asia, enabling Chinese goods like silk, tea, and porcelain to be distributed west toward the Mediterranean regions and to South Asia and East Africa. Goods like spices and rare animal products were brought to China along the same routes. | 0 | |
| 170487834 | Zhang Jian | A Han dynasty diplomat, Zhan Jian, was sent by the Han emperor Wudi to Ferghana in the second century BCE to create an alliance with the Yue-chi people against the Xiongnu. This is the earliest evidence of long distance movement since the Silk Road. Soon, merchants of the roman and Han empires would trade regularly along this route. | 1 | |
| 170487835 | Trans-Saharan Trade Routes | These caravan routes across the Sahara connected trading centers in West Africa, North Africa, and East Africa. The earliest evidence of trade along these routes involved the people of the Sahhel orchestrating the exchange of salt from mines in the Sahara for gold from the Niger Valley region. | 2 | |
| 170487836 | Xiongnu | Xiongnu is the Chinese name for the confederacy of Turkish-speaking peoples who were nomadic herders of horses, sheep, and camels in Central Asia. The Han dynasty's tribute payments of silk to the Xiongnu caused some of the empire's financial weakness. Some Xiongnu leaders helped the Han police the silk routes against bandits and unhappy tribes. | 3 | |
| 170487837 | Huns | A Turkic-speaking people from Central Asia who began a westward migration in the late fourth century. Their warrior-king Attila organized the Huns to invade Hungary, tested Roman fronteirs in the Balkans, and threatened Gaul and northern Italy. The Huns had little effect on the Western postclassical world after Attila's death in 453 CE. | 4 | |
| 170487838 | Fa Xian | A Chinese Buddhist monk who traveled to India during the time of the Gupta to gather Buddhist texts. | 5 | |
| 170487839 | Germanic Tribes | From the beginning of the roman Empire, Germanic tribes settled on their northern borders. From 476 CE these tribes invaded Rome repeatedly, with little success. Only one Germanic tribe, the Franks, succeeded in occupying any Roman territory. | 6 | |
| 170487840 | Franks | The Franks dominated the territory known as Gaul, from the Mediterranean to the Pyrenees and north tot he Rhine River (approximately where France is today) | 7 | |
| 170487841 | Innovation versus Diffusion | Trading routes and networks led to the diffusion of ideas, beliefs, and technology. However, some independent inventions such as agricultural developments and writing systems occurred without known influences from other civilizations. | 8 | |
| 170487842 | Name some Technological advancements from the period 8000 BCE to 600 CE | Major technologies related to agricultural production and record keeping of the early governments of civilizations, as well as early trade between civilizations. Developments in metal tools shifted from bronze to iron. In particular, iron smelting in West Africa among the Bantu-speaking peoples advanced greatly. | 9 |
