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| 298067636 | civilization | a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations) | 0 | |
| 298067637 | agricultural revolutions | The change from food gathering to food production that occurred between ca. 8000 and 2000 B.C.E. aka Neolithic Revolution | 1 | |
| 298067638 | sumerians | people who dominated southern mesopotamia through the end of 3000 B.C.E. Created cuneiform, irrigation technologies, religious concepts | 2 | |
| 298067639 | semitic | language spoken in western asia and north africa. Ancient languages include Arabic, Hebrew, and Phonecian | 3 | |
| 298067640 | Hammurabi | Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC) | 4 | |
| 298067641 | Ziggurat | a rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians | 5 | |
| 298067642 | Cuneiform | an ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia | 6 | |
| 298067643 | Harappa | A large ancient city of the Indus civilization, created in present-day Pakistan | 7 | |
| 298067644 | Mohenjo-Daro | Indus Valley city laid out in a grid pattern. Had a complex irrigation and sewer system., One of the first settlements in India | 8 | |
| 298067645 | Shang Dynasty | Second Chinese dynasty (about 1750-1122 B.C.) which was mostly a farming society ruled by an aristocracy mostly concerned with war. They're best remembered for their art of bronze casting. | 9 | |
| 298067646 | Divination | the art or gift of prophecy (or the pretense of prophecy) by supernatural means | 10 | |
| 298067647 | Zhou Dynasty | the imperial dynasty of China from 1122 to 221 BC; notable for the rise of Confucianism and Taoism | 11 | |
| 298067648 | Mandate of Heaven | a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source- mainly the law created by the ruler | 12 | |
| 298067649 | Legalism | strict adherence to the law | 13 | |
| 298067650 | Confucius | Chinese philosopher (circa 551-478 BC) teachings emphasized duty and public service and respect for elders | 14 | |
| 299088666 | Daoism | offered an alternative to the Confucianism. Daoists believe that the world is always changing and has no meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid struggles, and try not to deviate from the Dao, or "path of nature" | 15 | |
| 299088667 | Olmecs | an early Mesoamerican civilization contered around Veracruz that flourished between 1300 and 400 BC | 16 | |
| 299088668 | Iron age | the period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons | 17 | |
| 299088669 | Hatshepsut | Queen of Egypt (1473-1458 B.C.E.). Dispatched a naval expedition down the Red Sea to Punt (possibly Somalia), the faraway source of myrrh. There is evidence of opposition to a woman as ruler. | 18 | |
| 299088670 | Mycenae | an ancient city is southern Greece; controlled a late Bronze age kingdom with a fortified palace complex | 19 | |
| 299088671 | Neo-Assyrian Empire | An empire conquered by the Assyrians of northern Mesopotamia between the 1000 and 700 B.C.E. They used force and terror and abused the wealth and labor of their subjects. They continued the cultural and scientific developments of Mesopotamian civilization. | 20 | |
| 299088672 | Monotheism | belief in a single God | 21 | |
| 299088673 | Diaspora | greek word- dispersal- used to describe communities of certain ethnic groups living out of their homeland | 22 | |
| 299088674 | Phoenicians | Semitic-speaking Canaanites living on the coast in the 1000's B.C.E. From major cities Phoenician merchants and sailors explored the Mediterranean, dabbled in widespread commerce, and founded colonies in the western Mediterranean. | 23 | |
| 299088675 | Zorastrianism | It centered on a single good deity—Ahuramazda—and emphasized truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature. Those who supported the good were rewarded in the afterlife, and the bad supporters were punished. May have influenced Judaism and other monotheistic religions. | 24 | |
| 299088676 | Hoplite | a heavily armed Greek foot soldier | 25 | |
| 299088677 | Tyrant | a cruel and oppressive dictator; in ancient Greece, a ruler who had seized power without legal right to it | 26 | |
| 299088678 | Democracy | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 27 | |
| 299088679 | Persian Wars | Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire; persia's first major setback led to greece's greatest period of cultural productivity | 28 | |
| 299088680 | Alexander the Great | (356-323 B.C.E.) King of Macedonia in northern Greece. Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. | 29 | |
| 299088681 | Hellenistic Age | (323-30 B.C.E.) Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended when the last major Hellenistic Kingdom fell to Rome, but Greek cultural influence kept on until the spread of Islam in the 700 C.E. | 30 | |
| 299088682 | Roman Republic | the ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC | 31 | |
| 299088683 | Pax Romana | the long time of peace forced on the states of the Roman Empire | 32 | |
| 299088684 | Constantine | (285-337 C.E.) Roman emperor (ruled 312-337). After reuniting the Roman Empire, he moved the capital to Constantinople and made Christianity a favored religion. | 33 | |
| 299088685 | Byzantine Empire | a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395. It fell to the Ottomans in 1453. | 34 | |
| 299088686 | Han Dynasty | imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time) from 206 BC to 221 and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy | 35 | |
| 299088687 | Monsoon | a seasonal wind in southern Asia that blows from south east in summer and northwest in winter; brings rain | 36 | |
| 299088688 | Vedas | Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism. | 37 | |
| 299088689 | Bhadavad-Gita | hinduism's most sacred text; conversation between warrior Arjuna and god Krishna on duty and the spirit's fate | 38 | |
| 299088690 | Gupta Empire | Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism | 39 | |
| 299088691 | Silk Road | an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles) | 40 | |
| 299088692 | Bantu | Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages | 41 |
