For Allison Shaner <3
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| 291594388 | Foundations | 8000 bce - 600 bce | 0 | |
| 291594389 | Hominids | Appeared 3-4 million years ago in southern and eastern Africa.These humans had the ability to walk speak and think. | 1 | |
| 291594390 | Homo Sapiens | Modern humans from 200,000 years ago during the Paleolithic age.Used advanced tools and were organized into social groups. Spread from Europe to Africa and Asia. | 2 | |
| 291594391 | Paleolithic Economy | Called the Old Stone Age.Concerned about steady food supply.Had stones and bone tools.Nomadic Hunter and gatherers | 3 | |
| 291594392 | Paleolithic Society | Extended family which led to clans. Used rocks and knives as warfare weapons. Polytheistic.Men hunted,women gathered. | 4 | |
| 291594393 | Neolithic Origins | Earliest sedentary agriculturalist. Aka the New Stone Age.Domesticated animals and cultivated crops. First to sue slash and burn agriculture.Appeared in southwestern Asia and spread to India,Europe and Asia. | 5 | |
| 291594394 | Neolithic Culture | Jericho was first Neolithic village. Had specialized labor,pottery, metallurgy and textiles.Had social class. Role of women went down as people left hunting and gathering societies. | 6 | |
| 291594395 | Bantu Migrations | Movement of Africans across the continent of Africa. Agricultutre=basis for society,used iron metals.Had kinship groups. Conflict among the ____ led to the formation of militaries and government. | 7 | |
| 291594396 | Bronze Age | In the Neolithic era,copper was combined with tin to create bronze.First used in Mesopotamia.Diffused throughout southwestern Asia. | 8 | |
| 291594397 | Mesopotamia | Located between Tigris and Euphrates rives in Irag.First cities emerged here (Ur and Babylon) | 9 | |
| 291594398 | Sumerians | Located in Mesopotamia. Organized into city states.developed cuneiform.Were polytheistic,and built ziggurats(pyramid like temples) for their gods.Had canals and bridges. | 10 | |
| 291594399 | Nile River Civilization | King Menes unites upper and Lower Egypt.Ruled by a pharaoh consideres an incarnation of the sun god (theocracy).Polytheistic.Women took care of house and children.Had rights to divorce,own property &become a priestess.Hieroglyohics=written language.Papermaking,weapons,architecture&calendar.Agriculturalist. Hatshepsut=female pharaoh of Egypt. | 11 | |
| 291594400 | Hammurabi's Code | Concept of a written set of rules,located in the city-state of Babylon. Relied on lex talionis(law of retaliation). Upper classes were favored&received less harsher punishments. | 12 | |
| 291594401 | Assyrian Empire | Used administrative techniques and had a strong militarys.Officers were appointed by bravery and skill than birth connections. Used chariots to conquer armies.At it's height (8th century bce) Covered Mesopatmia,Syria,Palestine,Anatolia and much of Egypt. | 13 | |
| 291594402 | Iron Metallurgy | Started with the Mesopotamians. Craftsmens added carbon to iron to increase strenth. Sprod from mesopotamia to Anatolia,Egypt and North Africa. Assyrians used iron tools to conquer Mesopotamia. | 14 | |
| 291594403 | Patriarchal Society | Men dominated public life.Women were punished for adultery by drowning,and men could engage in sexual relations outside of marriage.A man could sell his wife and kids into slavery to pay off debt. | 15 | |
| 291594404 | Origins of Writing | Cuneiform =1st type of writing,based on pictures,hieroglyphs were symbols to represent sounds and ideas.Record keeping for trade purposes as society became more complex. | 16 | |
| 291594405 | Hebrews | Nomads between Mesopotamia and Egypt.Led by Moses to Palestine where a kingdom under David and Solomon was established.Monotheistic,worshiped Yahweh.Ten Commandments-served as ethical code of behavior. | 17 | |
| 291594406 | Phoenicians | Lived between Eastern Mediterranean Sea and Lebanon. Dominated Meditteranean basin trade. Organized into city-states.Writing system of 22 symbols representing sounds= Phoenetic dialect. | 18 | |
| 291594407 | Indus River Valley Civilization | Two main cities=Harappa and MohenjoDaro.Had long distance trade with Egypt and Sumer.Their written language Harappan,remains untranslated-->theirs no speculation to their decline. | 19 | |
| 291594408 | Indo-European Languages | Similarities between the languages of Europe, Persia and India--> the descendants of ancestors who spoke a common tongue migrated from their homeland. Developments of individual communities&lack of communication--> evolution of different languages&dialects. | 20 | |
| 291594409 | Aryans | Originally Pastoral nomads who spoke Indo-European languages.Migrated south through the Hindu Kush mountain range.Replaced the Harappan civilization.Had a caste system,and religious texts were memorized and passed down as oral histories.Used chariots for war. | 21 | |
| 291594410 | Vedic Age | A period in Indian History when the Vedas,Hindu texts,were recorded. Rig Veda=the first text.The Vedas,a collection or songs written in Sanskrit,show a view of early Aryan society in India.Had no centralized government and chiefdom based on herding and agricultural villages. Had a caste system,and were very patriarchal. | 22 | |
| 291594411 | Vedas | Hindu texts that were passed down orally by Brahmin priests.Veda means wisdom or knowledge. Refers to the knowledge priests needed. | 23 | |
| 291594412 | Caste System | Varnas=social classes. Limited social mobility.Although Indian Constitution outlawed caste-based discrimination,the caste system continued through Hindu practices in rural India. | 24 | |
| 291594413 | Yellow River Civilization | Huang He means Yellow River. Had unpredictable floodings.Yu of the Xia dynasty esteablished flood-contorl projects-->in a formal government | 25 | |
| 291594414 | Shang Dynasty | 1st dynaty,had strong army,ectended to northeastern China. Polytheistic.Used oracle bones to predict future. | 26 | |
| 291594415 | Zhou Dynasty | Overthrew the Shang using the Mandate of Heaven.The Book of Songs was a Zhou literature writing. | 27 | |
| 291594416 | Mandate of Heaven | Events on Earth and in Heaven are connected.A ruler can keep power if he maintains order,if not,his position can be taken. Relates to European concept of divine right. | 28 | |
| 291594417 | Silk Production | Silk was first produced during the Shang dynasty by raising silkworms.During the Han silk was a luxury product that was in high demand. In the late 500's, Byzantine monks smuggles silk from China and then Byzantine craftsmen began producing silk textiles. | 29 | |
| 291594418 | Chavin | A cult that spread through Peru and vanished around 300 bce. Arose in South America through the crop of maize which supported a large population. Had temples,fishing techniques and used gold and silver to create jewelry. | 30 |
