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AP World History: Foundations to Classical Flashcards

First set of words in the AP World History book by the Princeton Review.

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3454789676AgricultureThe deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.0
3454789677Agrarianpertaining to land or its cultivation; Ex. agrarian reform, agrarian society1
3454789678Bands/ Clansextended family groups that generally lived together2
3454789679Barbarianwithout civilizing influences3
3454789680Bureaucracysystem of managing government through departments run by appointed officials (not elected)4
3454789681Civilizationa society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)5
3454789682City-Statesdifferent sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers (e.g. Greece)6
3454789683Classicalof or characteristic of a form or system felt to be of first significance before modern times7
3454789684Domesticationprocess of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans8
3454789685Economysystem by which goods and services are produced and distributed to meet people's needs9
3454789686Egalitariana person who believes in the equality of all people10
3454789687Emperorsupreme ruler of an empire11
3454789688Empiremany territories, countries, or peoples controlled by one government (also just any territory ruled by an emperor)12
3454789689Feudalisma political system and a social system where by a powerful lord would offer "protection" in return for "service"13
3454789690Foragingthe process of scavenging for food14
3454789691Hierarchya series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system15
3454789692HierarchicalOf, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy16
3454789693Hunter-GathererA hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild, foraging and hunting without significant recourse to the domestication of either plants nor animals17
3454789694Irrigationsupplying dry land with water by means of ditches, sprinklers, etc.18
3454789695Monarchya government in which power is in the hands of a single person who usually inherits their power19
3454789696Monotheismbelief in a single God20
3454789697NeolithicThe New Stone Age from circa 8500 to 4500 BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution(s)21
3454789698Nomadic(of groups of people) tending to travel and change settlements frequently22
3454789699Pastoralrelating to shepherds or herdsmen or devoted to raising sheep or cattle (e.g. pastoral peoples)23
3454789700PaleolithicThe Old Stone Age from circa 750,00 to 500,000 years BCE to 8,500 years BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans and the development of minor tools24
3454789701Philosophythe rational investigation of questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics25
3454789702Polytheismbelief in multiple Gods26
3454789703River Valleythe fertile land surrounding a river- the first civilizations arose near them27
3454789704Sedentaryremaining in one place28
3454789705Settlementthe act of colonizing or a small group of people in a sedentary position29
3454789706Subsistencethe necessities of life, the resources of survival30
3454789707Surplusa quantity much larger than is needed31
3454789708Sustenancethe act of sustaining life by food or providing a means of subsistence32
3454789709Theocracygovernment run by religious leaders33
3454789710Traditionalconsisting of or derived from tradition; customary practices34
3454789711Urbanizationthe social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban35
3454789712Vassalslesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord -- in a military capacity36
3454789713Alexander the Greatking of Macedon, conqueror of Greece, Egypt, and Persia; founder of Alexandria (356-323 BC)37
3454789714Analects of Confucius"something that is repeated" - a collection of Confucius' famous sayings38
3454789715Bronze Agea period between the Stone and Iron ages, characterized by the manufacture and use of bronze tools and weapons39
3454789716Byzantiumthe civilization that developed from the eastern Roman Empire following the death of the emperor Justinian (C.E. 565) until the fall of Constantinople (C.E.1453)40
3454789717Calendara system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year41
3454789718Code of Hammurabithe set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety42
3454789719CuneiformOne of the first written languages known: A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia.43
3454789720Democracya political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them44
3454789721Eight Fold PathEight steps to end suffering and attain enlightenment according to Buddhist tradition.45
3454789722Four Noble Truthsas taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism46
3454789723Gothic MigrationsThe Migration period, also called the Barbarian Invasions or German: Völkerwanderung (wandering of the peoples), was a period of human migration that occurred roughly between the years 300 to 700 CE in Europe, marking the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages. These movements were catalyzed by profound changes within both the Roman Empire and the so-called 'barbarian frontier'. Migrating peoples during this period included the Goths, Vandals, Bulgars, Alans, Suebi, Frisians, and Franks, among other Germanic and Slavic tribes.47
3454789724Great Walla fortification 1,500 miles long built across northern China in the 3rd century BC48
3454789725Han Dynastyimperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy49
3454789726HellenismThe ideals and principles that spread from Greece through much of the ancient world. Much of its influence such as philosophy, athletics, and architecture penetrated the Middle East.50
3454789727The HunsFierce warriors from Central Asia- First invaded southeastern Europe and then launched raids on nearby kingdoms51
3454789728Indian Ocean Tradeconnected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion.52
3454789729Iron Agethe period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons53
3454789730Jewish DiasporaA "scattering" of the Jewish people54
3454789731LegalismIn Chinese history, Legalism was one of the main philosophic currents during the Warring States Period- A philosophy of focusing on the text of written law to the exclusion of the intent of law, elevating strict adherence to law over justice, mercy and common sense55
3454789732Pax RomanaA period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.56
3454789733PyramidsHuge stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that met in a point on top57
3454789734Roman RepublicThe period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate.58
3454789735Roman Senatea council of wealthy and powerful Romans that advised the city's leaders59
3454789736Shang CivilizationChina's first dynasty almost 2000 BCE60
3454789737Shi Huang Diharsh ruler who united China for the first time and used legalism in ruling (Qin China)61
3454789738Siddhartha Gautamafounder of Buddhism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha62
3454789739Silk Road TradeThe most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations; transmitted goods and ideas among civilization.63
3454789740The Torahthe most sacred text of Judaism64
3454789741The Vedas of HinduismAryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century B.C.E.65
3454789742Zigguratsa temple or tomb of the ancient Assyrians, Sumerians, or Babylonians, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories66

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