Terms : Hide Images
| 299955027 | 95 Theses | Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church. They were posted on Octobe 31, 1517. | 0 | |
| 299955028 | absolutism, absolute monarch | a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator | 1 | |
| 299955029 | Anglican Church | Form of Protestantism set up in England after 1534; established by Henry VIII with himself as head, at least in part to obtain a divorce from his first wife; became increasingly Protestant following Henry's death | 2 | |
| 299955030 | Brahe, Tycho | Danish astronomer who observed a new star and a comet. He undermined the idea of unchanging universe and developed a new and improved telescope and he also rejected the idea of heliocentricism. | 3 | |
| 299955031 | Calvin, John | French theologian and author of the book Institutes of the Christian Religion that was very influential during the Reformation. | 4 | |
| 299955032 | capitalism | an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth | 5 | |
| 299955033 | Catholic Reformation | a 16th century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the protestant reformation | 6 | |
| 299955034 | Cervantes, Miguel de | Spanish writer of the late 1500's who wrote Don Quixote | 7 | |
| 299955035 | Copernicus, Nicholas | 1473-1543, a devout Catholic, first suggested the Heliocentric Theory (that the earth revolves around the sun) | 8 | |
| 299955036 | deism | This was a way of thinking that God exists, but does not intervene in daily life, for he already has a plan for the universe that cannot be altered | 9 | |
| 299955037 | divine right | the idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God | 10 | |
| 299955038 | "early modern" period | time from 1500 to 1800 when the world began to take the shape that it is in today; the beginning of the Global Age | 11 | |
| 299955039 | Edict of Nantes | decree issued in 1598 by King Henry IV that granted relious freedom in most of France | 12 | |
| 299955040 | empirical evidence | evidence that is based upon objective observation, measurement, or experimentation | 13 | |
| 299955041 | English Civil War | Conflict from 1640 to 1660 that featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ending with restoration of the monarchy in 1660 following execution of previous king. | 14 | |
| 299955042 | Enlightenment | a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions | 15 | |
| 299955043 | Galileo | Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars, demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate, and perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make discoveries. | 16 | |
| 299955045 | Gunpowder Empires | strong military empires who were able to succeed because of the new use of gunpowder | 17 | |
| 299955047 | Gutenburg, Johann | German goldsmith and printer of Mainz | 18 | |
| 299955049 | Habsburg Family | European family that gained power through arranged marriages to become very strong Holy Roman Emperors | 19 | |
| 299955051 | humanism | the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare | 20 | |
| 299955053 | indulgences | pardon sold by catholic church to reduce one's punishment | 21 | |
| 299955055 | Jesuits | Members of the society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola | 22 | |
| 299955057 | joint-stock companies | an association of individuals in a business enterprise with transferable shares of stock, much like a corporation except that stockholders are liable for the debts of the business | 23 | |
| 299955059 | Kepler, Johannes | German mathematician and astronomer who determined that the planets in our solar system orbit the Sun in elliptical paths | 24 | |
| 299955061 | land-based powers, sea-based powers | Governments controlled land/water by building armies, bureaucracies, roads, canals, and walls that unified people and protected them from outsiders. The focus was on land and water. | 25 | |
| 299955063 | Leonardo da Vinci | Italian Renaissance artist that painted Mona Lisa. | 26 | |
| 299955065 | limited (constitutional) monarchy | system of government in which a king or queen sits on the throne but does not have absolute power, and in which a constitution limits the monarch's power | 27 | |
| 299955066 | Locke, John | English philosopher and political theorist. He explained that all men have Natural Rights, which are Life, Liberty, and Property, and that the purpose of government was to protect these rights. | 28 | |
| 299955068 | Louis XIV | This French king who issued several economic policies and costly wars, prime example of absolutism in France | 29 | |
| 299955070 | Luther, Martin | German monk that questioned church an ultimately was key in the Protestant Reformation | 30 | |
| 299955071 | Machiavelli, Niccolo | Italian Renaissance writer, described government in the way it actually worked and he wrote The Prince. | 31 | |
| 299955072 | Medici family | Ruled Florence during the Renaissance, became wealthy from banking, spent a lot of money on art, controlled Florence for about 3 centuries. | 32 | |
| 299955073 | Mercator projection | these maps show true direction and land shapes fairly accurately, but not size or distance. Areas that are located far from the Equator are quite distorted on this type of map. | 33 | |
| 299955074 | Michelangelo | artist who led the way for Renaissance masters from his David sculpture and his painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling | 34 | |
| 299955075 | Montesquieu, Baron de | a French political philosopher who supported the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers in "The Spirit of the Laws" | 35 | |
| 299955076 | Nasir al-Din | Islamic 13th century scholar who wrote mathematical tables | 36 | |
| 299955077 | Newton, Isaac | english scientist and mathematician considered to be the greatest figure in the history of science. | 37 | |
| 299955078 | patrons | People who use their own money to support the arts | 38 | |
| 299955079 | Protestant Reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | 39 | |
| 299955080 | putting-out system | System which was basically an assembly line which made goods easy to manufacture and cheaper to create. Took less time, made guilds obsolete. | 40 | |
| 299955081 | Raphael | Italian painter whose many paintings exemplify the ideals of the High Renaissance | 41 | |
| 299955082 | "Renaissance Man" | a modern scholar who is in a position to acquire more than superficial knowledge about many different interests | 42 | |
| 299955083 | Rousseau, Jacques | French writer and Enlightenment philosopher who wrote a book called, The Social Contract. He believed that government should be run according to the will of the majority, which he called the General Will. | 43 | |
| 299955084 | rule of law | principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern | 44 | |
| 299955085 | scholasticism | a medieval philosophical and theological system that tried to reconcile faith and reason | 45 | |
| 299955086 | Scientific Revolution | the era of scientific thought in europe during which careful observation of the natural world was made, and accepted beliefs were questioned | 46 | |
| 299955087 | Shakespeare, William | English dramatist and poet; he is considered one of the greatest dramatists of all time and wrote such works as Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet. | 47 | |
| 299955088 | Smith, Adam | Scottish economist who supported laissez-faire economics and the free enterprise system | 48 | |
| 299955089 | Thirty Years War | This was the international war between the Protestants and Catholics that eventually ended religious conflicts in Europe | 49 | |
| 299955090 | Treaty of Westphalia | 1648, ended the 30 Year War and created the state system. | 50 | |
| 299955091 | Voltaire | French philosopher and writer whose works epitomize the Age of Enlightenment, often attacking injustice and intolerance | 51 |
