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| 8084703005 | Artha | One of the 4 major goals of Hinduism Entails wealth |  | 0 |
| 8084703006 | Moksha | One of the 4 major goals of Hinduism The perfect state of communion with Brahma |  | 1 |
| 8084703007 | Dharma | One of the 4 major goals of Hinduism Strict adherence to your caste/ the caste system |  | 2 |
| 8084703008 | Kama | One of the 4 major goals of Hinduism Details love and sex |  | 3 |
| 8084703009 | Puranas | 500 B.C.E- 500 C.E A collection of folk tales/legends from early times Contains the genealogy of rulers before even humans Most of the most important deities/gods are used The goddesses help to balance the suppression for women in Aryan society |  | 4 |
| 8084703010 | Atman | Hindi word for the "soul" Your atman consists of the same substance as the rest of the world This means that everything is interconnected through this "substance" Each atman will eventually be reunited with Brahma |  | 5 |
| 8084703011 | Aryan Peoples | The first people to assimilate into the Harappan peoples Fused Harappan religion with their own to create Hinduism Created the idea of the caste system Brought Sanskrit to the people of Indus Valley |  | 6 |
| 8084703012 | Vishnu | The deity for life/preservation |  | 7 |
| 8084703013 | Shiva | The deity for destruction/death |  | 8 |
| 8084703014 | Brahma | The main God/Deity of Hinduism, known as the creator and source of everything |  | 9 |
| 8084703015 | Krishna | One of the Incarnations of Vishnu The deity for helping to fulfill Dharma |  | 10 |
| 8084703016 | Ganesh | Shiva's son The deity for luck/fortune HAS A FREAKIN ELEPHANT HEAD |  | 11 |
| 8084703017 | Brahmanas | A collection of Sanskrit literature made for Brahmins (900-500 B.C.E) Contains procedures for rituals/worship Also holds etiologies of rituals and myths |  | 12 |
| 8084703018 | Samsara | Hindi word for "resurrection" One must go through samsara multiple to reach Moksha Each time someone goes through samsara, their species and caste is decided |  | 13 |
| 8084703019 | Upanishads | 800-500 B.C.E. Devoted to the speculation and proclaims the oneness of the individual and universe. INTRODUCES SEVERAL KEY CONCEPTS: Dharma Karma Moksha Life cycle- Brahmacharya, Gruhasta, Vanaprastha, and Sannyasin |  | 14 |
| 8084703020 | Rig Veda | 1500-1200 B.C.E Composed by early Aryan brahmins A collection of 1028 verses of SANSKRIT poetry The first book of 4 in the collection of Vedas Details many early gods Speculates on the creation of the world and significance of life |  | 15 |
| 8084703021 | Sanskrit | The written language introduced to late Harappan peoples by the Aryans |  | 16 |
| 8084703022 | Mahabharata | Longest single poem in the entire world Details the civil war between two branches of the Bharats Teaches about the daily lives of Hindus Presents moral conflicts including the dilemma of taking sides, and the necessity of acting decisively |  | 17 |
| 8084703023 | Ramayana | Details the fight between the God-king Rama, and Ravana, the demon ruler of Sri Lanka Ravana had kidnapped Rama's wife, Sita |  | 18 |
| 8084703024 | Bhagavad-Gita | Details the final battle between the two branches of the Bharata family Arjuna, leader of one branch, is in a dilemma of whether to fight or not. He asks his chariot driver, Lord Krishna, and Krishna responds with since he is a warrior by caste, he must fight Summarizes many key doctrines of Hinduism: People who do their duty will be pointed to spiritual fulfillment Bhakti |  | 19 |
| 8084703025 | Brahmacharya | One of the stages of life The period of youth, studying, and celibacy |  | 20 |
| 8084703026 | Gruhasta | One of the stages of life The householder stage for raising a family |  | 21 |
| 8084703027 | Vanaprastha | One of the stages of life The time for reflection of ones past life |  | 22 |
| 8084703028 | Sannyasin | One of the stages of life A period of immersion with meditation, in preparation for death or possibly moksha |  | 23 |
| 8084703029 | Origins of Hinduism | Aryan invaders assimilated into Harappan culture This led into the intermingling of Gods, with some Aryan Gods being transformed into the modern day Hindu Gods. |  | 24 |
| 8084703030 | 4 Life Goals of Hinduism | Artha Kama Dharma Moksha |  | 25 |
| 8084703031 | Karma | The effect of your actions on your soul Good karma begets more good karma and vice versa Good karma are activities that support Dharma Your karma is one of the factors that determine your next caste after samsara |  | 26 |
| 8084703032 | Sacred Texts | The Vedas Upanishads Mahabharata Ramayana Bhagavad-Gita Brahmanas Puranas |  | 27 |
| 8084703033 | Principles of Hinduism | 1. One supreme being (Brahma) 2. Belief in the divinity of the 4 Vedas 3. The universe goes in a cycle- creation, preservation, and finally destruction 4. Karma- You can create your own destiny 5. Reincarnation 6. All life is sacred 7. All paths lead to the same result 8. Values- truth, honesty, non-violence, cleanliness, and perseverance |  | 28 |
| 8084703034 | Impact of Hinduism | No strong organizational structure, result in the lack of a unified system of belief Hinduism is not only a religion, but also a social system Still kinda remains in India today (Most of the caste system is gone) |  | 29 |
| 8084703035 | OMMMMMMM | The sacred symbol Hinduism Believed to be the basis of the universe The universe is created by vibrations, and the sound of these vibrations are "OM" Chanting "OM" elevates life and meditation |  | 30 |
| 8084703036 | Siddartha Gautama | 563-483 B.C.E Lived in Nepal An ex-Hindu price Rejected wealth and went on a journey for the meaning of human suffering Sat under a tree called the Bodh Gaya for extensive meditation Here he became enlightened, becoming the Buddha |  | 31 |
| 8084703037 | Bodhisattva | A person who has also become enlightened, but has returned to Earth. |  | 32 |
| 8084703038 | Buddha | The enlightened form of Prince Siddartha |  | 33 |
| 8084703039 | 4 Noble Truths | 1. All life is suffering 2. Suffering is caused by desire 3. One can be freed from desire 4. Desire is freed through the 8 fold path |  | 34 |
| 8084703040 | Nirvana | The state of perfect peace and harmony It takes many reincarnations to reach nirvana Anyone regardless of social status, can reach Nirvana |  | 35 |
| 8084703041 | Eightfold Path | The path leading to enlightenment To follow it, you must have the right: views aspirations speech conduct livelihood endeavor mindfulness meditation |  | 36 |
| 8084703042 | Theraveda Buddhism | One of 2 large branches of Buddhism Emphasizes meditation & simplicity |  | 37 |
| 8084703043 | Mahayana Buddhism | One of 2 large branches of Buddhism Contains more rituals than Buddha believed Relies on monks & scripture Deified Buddha, raising him to god-like status Includes bodhisattvas |  | 38 |
| 8084703044 | Impacts of Buddhism | Appealed to members of low social class Not attached to any social structure Spread rapidly throughout all of Asia Buddhism was reabsorbed into Hinduism Still continues to thrive in China, Japan, and SE Asia |  | 39 |
| 8084703045 | Symbol of Buddhism | Each spoke on the wheel is one of the eight fold paths |  | 40 |
| 8084703046 | Maya | Hindi word for "Illusion" or "attachment to the physical world" Basically means materialism |  | 41 |
| 8084703047 | Caste System | Created by Aryans Separates people through occupation and social status Determines your education and food People of different castes should not eat or marry together Many variations of the caste, over tens of thousands throughout India Each caste is different, dependent on local beliefs. |  | 42 |
| 8084703048 | Bhakti | The mystical devotion to God If one has a loyal sense of bhakti, they will reach Moksha |  | 43 |
| 8084703049 | Pilgrimage Sites | United countries with religion Serve as primary ritual/worship places Helps spread religion to other countries |  | 44 |
| 8084703050 | Relationship Between Brahmins and Government | Rulers supported priests In return, priests validated rulers The act of priests validating rulers gave public morale and confidence In return, kings gave brahmins land and wealth |  | 45 |
| 8084703051 | Principles of Jainism | 1. Rejects the caste and brahmins, believing there to be no God 2. Humans have souls they can purify 3. Souls can be purified through beneficial actions, especially practicing non-violence 4. If one follows ethical treatment, then they will reach nirvana 5. To reach nirvana, it takes many reincarnations |  | 46 |
| 8084703052 | Buddhism on the Silk Road | Buddhism spread to China through the Silk Road Monks had traveled across the Silk Road, building monasteries as "rest stops" along the journey. Infused into Chinese culture, creating Mahayana Buddhism |  | 47 |
| 8084703053 | Buddhism in China | Soon after 200 C.E. Buddhism was very appealing to early Daoists, whom believed that Lao Zi was a bodhisattva. Buddhism was quickly adopted into Chinese culture, even spreading to Japan Came into conflicts with Confucianism, as Confucianism taught very rigid structures, while Buddhism was very flexible. Buddhism also taught celibacy, while Confucianism respected the aspect of family. |  | 48 |
| 8084703054 | Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty | Buddhism flourished and thrived, growing into 8 different sects The most popular and renowned was Chan Buddhism- taught the importance of meditation Invented the woodblock press to print sacred texts |  | 49 |
| 8084703055 | Decline of Buddhism in China | Mainly fell due to political and military defeats Chinese were defeated by the Muslims in the Battle of the Talas River(751 C.E.) Islam became the dominant religion in China |  | 50 |
| 8084703056 | Shintoism | Defined as "the way of the Kami" The belief in Kami, who could be called upon to help in times of need Shrines and temples were built all over Japan, dedicated to the Kami |  | 51 |
| 8084703057 | Kami | Powers and spirits inherent in nature The main Kami was the sun god- Amaterasu |  | 52 |
| 8084703058 | Infusion of Buddhism in Japan | Chan Buddhism reached Japan and infused with Shintoism, creating Zen buddhism Some Kami were then believed to be bodhisattvas Buddhism was seen as a force for performing miracles, for example healing Became a pillar for unity |  | 53 |
| 8084703059 | Compare and Contrast Buddhism and Hinduism | Both: Different sects and variations of the religion Shrines, monasteries, and pilgrimage sites Sacred calendars and life cycles Sacred languges Priests/monks & deities A profound belief in achieving lively goals Practice forms of nonviolence/peace Different: Origins In Buddhism, there are no Gods In Hinduism, there is a caste system |  | 54 |
| 8084703060 | Emperor Wu | 502-549 C.E. Ruler of the southern state of Liang Declared Buddhism the official state religion Built temples, sponsored Buddhist assemblies, and wrote Buddhist commentaries |  | 55 |
| 8084703061 | Empress Wu | 690-705 C.E. A female ruler in the Tang Dynasty Patronized Buddha to legitimatize her rule Built temples in every province of China Expanded the Tang Dyansty to its farthest extent- Xinjiang and Tibet |  | 56 |
| 8084703062 | Emperor Wuzong | 840-846 C.E A ruler in the Tang Dynasty A devout Daoist, biased against Buddhism Attacked Buddhist monasteries due to them growing too influential Burned sacred texts Defrocked monks and nuns, forcing them to leave temples/shrines In the end, only 49 monasteries and 800 monks remained in China |  | 57 |
| 8084703063 | Prince Shotoku Taishi | The regent to the ruler of the Yamato Plain Built many temples, including the Horyuji Temple in the capital of Nara Sent missions to China to learn more about Buddhism Created a form of Constitution, promoting Confucian principles and reverencing the Buddha, Law, and Monastic orders |  | 58 |
