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| 10607932769 | Homo Sapiens | the species to which all modern human beings belong and the only member of the genus Homo that is not extinct. | 0 | |
| 10607932770 | Paleolithic Period | an extended period of time, during which multiple technological advances were made, many of which had impact on human dietary structure. characterized by the use of rudimentary chipped stone tools | 1 | |
| 10607932771 | Neolithic revolution | Agricultural Revolution, or First Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the period from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making an increasingly larger population possible. | 2 | |
| 10607932772 | Monotheism | religious belief in only one god | 3 | |
| 10607932773 | Bronze Age | a period of time between the Stone Age and the Iron Age when bronze was used widely to make tools, weapons, and other implements | 4 | |
| 10607932774 | Textiles | a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread) | 5 | |
| 10607932775 | Specialization of labor | To train or specialize people in certain areas of work so that people can accomplish tasks quicker; Training people for one specific task; Started by Surplus | 6 | |
| 10607932776 | Hunter-forager | a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species. | 7 | |
| 10607932777 | Nomadic Pastoralism | a form of pastoralism when livestock are herded in order to find fresh pastures on which to graze. | 8 | |
| 10607932778 | Kinship group | group of people related by blood or marriage | 9 | |
| 10607932779 | Clan | a group of close-knit and interrelated families; a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent. | 10 | |
| 10607932780 | Social Stratification | refers to a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy | 11 | |
| 10607932781 | Mesopotamia | an ancient region of southwestern Asia in present-day Iraq, lying between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Its alluvial plains were the site of the civilizations of Akkad, Sumer, Babylonia, and Assyria. | 12 | |
| 10607932782 | Fertile Crescent | is a crescent-shaped region where agriculture and early human civilizations like the Sumer and Ancient Egypt flourished due to inundations from the surrounding Nile, Euphrates, and Tigris rivers. | 13 | |
| 10607932783 | Carthage | an ancient city on the coast of North Africa near present-day Tunis. Founded by the Phoenicians c. 814 bc, it became a major force in the Mediterranean Sea area and fought with Rome during the Punic Wars. It was finally destroyed by the Romans in 146 bc. | 14 | |
| 10607932784 | Desertification | Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. | 15 | |
| 10607932785 | Indus River Valley | an ancient Bronze Age civilization located in what is Pakistan and northwest India today, on the fertile flood plain of the Indus River and its vicinity. | 16 | |
| 10607932786 | Mesoamerica | a historical region and cultural area in the Americas, extending from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, and within which pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries. | 17 | |
| 10607932787 | Maize | corn; first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. | 18 | |
| 10607932788 | Chiang Jiang | a river in E Asia, flowing S and then E from the Tibetan plateau to the East China Sea. ab. 3200 mi. (5150 km) long. Also called Yangtze. | 19 | |
| 10607932789 | Huang He | river flowing from W China into the Gulf of Bohai. 2800 miles (4510 km) long. | 20 | |
| 10607932790 | Polytheistic | religious belief in multiple gods | 21 | |
| 10607932791 | Ziggurats | ancient Mesopotamian temple tower consisting of a lofty pyramidal structure built in successive stages with outside staircases and a shrine at the top | 22 | |
| 10607932792 | Hebrews | a member of an ancient people living in what is now Israel and Palestine and, according to biblical tradition, descended from the patriarch Jacob, grandson of Abraham. After the Exodus (c. 1300 bc) they established the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, and their scriptures and traditions form the basis of the Jewish religion. | 23 | |
| 10607932793 | Ten Commandments | (in the Bible) the divine rules of conduct given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai, according to Exod. 20:1-17. | 24 | |
| 10607932794 | Jewish Diaspora | the scattering of the Jews to countries outside of Palestine after the Babylonian captivity. | 25 | |
| 10607932795 | Torah | (in Judaism) the book that contains the law of God as revealed to Moses and recorded in the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures (the Pentateuch). | 26 | |
| 10607932796 | Kingdom of Israel | occupied the land on the Mediterranean Sea corresponding roughly to the State of Israel of modern times. The region was known, historically, as Canaan, as Phonecia and, later, as Palestine. | 27 | |
| 10607932797 | King David | described in the Hebrew Bible as the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah | 28 | |
| 10607932798 | King Solomon | a fabulously wealthy and wise king of Israel who succeeded his father, King David. | 29 | |
| 10607932799 | Memphis (Egypt) | was the ancient capital of Aneb-Hetch, the first nome of Lower Egypt | 30 | |
| 10607932800 | Menes (Narmer) | legendary first king of unified Egypt, who, according to tradition, joined Upper and Lower Egypt in a single centralized monarchy. | 31 | |
| 10607932801 | Djoser | second king of the 3rd dynasty (c. 2650-c. 2575 bce) of ancient Egypt, who undertook the construction of the earliest important stone building in Egypt. | 32 | |
| 10607932802 | Snefru | first king of ancient Egypt of the 4th dynasty (c. 2575-c. 2465 bce). He fostered the evolution of the highly centralized administration that marked the climax of the Old Kingdom (c. 2575-c. 2130 bce). | 33 | |
| 10607932803 | Khufu | second king of the 4th dynasty (c. 2575-c. 2465 bce) of Egypt and builder of the Great Pyramid at Al-Jīzah (see Pyramids of Giza), the largest single building to that time. | 34 | |
| 10607932804 | Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) | king (1353-36 bce) of ancient Egypt of the 18th dynasty, who established a new cult dedicated to the Aton, the sun's disk | 35 | |
| 10607932805 | Hatshepsut | Egypt's first female pharaoh who reigned for about 20 years as one of Egypt's most successful rulers | 36 | |
| 10607932806 | Ramesses II | third king of the 19th dynasty of ancient Egypt, whose reign (1279-13 BCE) was the second longest in Egyptian history. used diplomacy, a massive building program and endless propaganda to become the greatest pharaoh of the New Kingdom, Ancient Egypt's Golden Age | 37 | |
| 10607932807 | Treaty of Kadesh | the world's earliest peace treaty that is still existant. It was signed by Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses the Great and Hittite Great King Hattusili in approximately 1259 BC, making it over three thousand years old. | 38 | |
| 10607932808 | Cult of Amon-Ra | devotion to the state god Amon-Re, whose cult largely benefited as Egypt was enriched by the spoils of war. Riches were turned over to the god's treasuries, and as a sign of filial piety the king had sacred monuments constructed at Thebes. | 39 | |
| 10607932809 | Abraham | was the original founder of Judaism, recognized as the "father of faith" by Christianity, and an extremely important prophet in Islam. | 40 | |
| 10607932810 | Israelites | a confederation of Iron Age Semitic-speaking tribes of the ancient Near East, who inhabited a part of Canaan during the tribal and monarchic periods. | 41 | |
| 10607932811 | Moses | a prophet in the Abrahamic religions.According to the Hebrew Bible, he was adopted by an Egyptian princess, and later in life became the leader of the Israelites and lawgiver, to whom the authorship of the Torah, or acquisition of the Torah from Heaven is traditionally attributed. in the 13th century bce, delivered his people from Egyptian slavery. | 42 | |
| 10607932812 | Exodus | a going out; a departure or emigration, usually of a large number of people; In the Bible, the departure of the Israelites from Egypt. | 43 | |
| 10607932813 | Osiris-Iris-Set-Horus | is the god of the afterlife, the underworld, and rebirth in ancient Egyptian religion-Egyptian goddess of magic, fertility and motherhood, and death, healing and rebirth-a god of the desert, storms, disorder, violence, and foreigners in ancient Egyptian religion-a solar deity, regarded as either the son or the brother of Isis and Osiris, and usually represented as a falcon or as a man with the head of a falcon. | 44 | |
| 10607932814 | Temple of Karnak | an ancient Egyptian temple precinct located on the east bank of the Nile River in Thebes (modern-day Luxor). The central sector of the site, which takes up the largest amount of space, is dedicated to Amun-Ra | 45 | |
| 10607932815 | Abu Simbel | an ancient temple complex, originally cut into a solid rock cliff, in southern Egypt and located at the second cataract of the Nile River. The two temples which comprise the site were created during the reign of Ramesses II | 46 | |
| 10607932816 | Great Pyramid Of Giza | the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and still standing, forming part of the wider Giza necropolis in Egypt; the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt. | 47 | |
| 10607932817 | Theocrats | a person who rules, governs as a representative of God or a deity, or is a member of the ruling group in a theocracy, as a divine king or a high priest. | 48 | |
| 10607932818 | Vedas | the spiritual literature of the ancient Indian culture, written in the Sanskrit language. They are comprised of a huge collection of books which include material (mundane), religious (ritualistic) as well as spiritual (monotheistic) knowledge. | 49 | |
| 10607932819 | Brahmin | is a varna (class) in Hinduism specialising as priests, teachers and protectors of sacred learning across generations; upper class | 50 | |
| 10607932820 | Dharma | key concept with multiple meanings in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. In Hinduism, the religious and moral law governing individual conduct and is one of the four ends of life. | 51 | |
| 10607932821 | Karma | (in Hinduism and Buddhism) the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences. | 52 | |
| 10607932822 | Ancestor Veneration | the veneration (respect/honoring) of ancestors whose spirits are frequently held to possess the power to influence the affairs of the living. | 53 | |
| 10607932823 | The Epic of Gilgamesh | an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia that is often regarded as the earliest surviving great work of literature | 54 | |
| 10607932824 | Cuneiform | one of the earliest systems of writing, was invented by the Sumerians. It is distinguished by its wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, made by means of a blunt reed for a stylus. | 55 | |
| 10607932825 | Hieroglyphics | the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt.It combined logographic, syllabic and alphabetic elements, with a total of some 1,000 distinct characters. | 56 | |
| 10607932826 | Papyrus | a material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of a water plant, used in sheets throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for writing or painting on and also for making rope, sandals, and boats: | 57 | |
| 10607932827 | Sanskrit | An ancient Indic language that is the language of Hinduism and the Vedas and is the classical literary language of India | 58 | |
| 10607932828 | City States | a type of small independent country, that usually consists of a single city and its dependent territories/ surrounding suburbs | 59 | |
| 10607932829 | Babylonians | ancient people of a cultural region occupying southeastern Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (modern southern Iraq from around Baghdad to the Persian Gulf). | 60 | |
| 10607932830 | Phoenicians | ancient region corresponding to modern Lebanon, with adjoining parts of modern Syria and Israel. Its inhabitants were notable merchants, traders, and colonizers of the Mediterranean in the 1st millennium bce; a Canaanite civilization which pioneered trade networks in the Mediterranean - and in so doing took the arts of ancient Middle Eastern civilization to the Greeks and other western culture, notably introducing the alphabet to them. | 61 | |
| 10607932831 | Olmec | the first elaborate pre-Columbian civilization of Mesoamerica (c. 1200-400 bce) and one that is thought to have set many of the fundamental patterns evinced by later American Indian cultures of Mexico and Central America, notably the Maya and the Aztec. | 62 | |
| 10607932832 | Aboriginals | inhabiting or existing in a land from the earliest times or from before the arrival of colonists; indigenous. | 63 | |
| 10607932833 | Hammurabi | sixth and best-known ruler of the 1st (Amorite) dynasty of Babylon (reigning c. 1792-1750 bce), noted for his surviving set of laws, once considered the oldest promulgation of laws in human history. | 64 | |
| 10607932834 | Pharaoh | a title of an ancient Egyptian king. | 65 | |
| 10607932835 | Xia Dynasty | legendary, possibly apocryphal first dynasty in traditional Chinese history; the first government to emerge in ancient China and became the first to adhere to the policy of dynastic succession | 66 | |
| 10607932836 | Shang Dynasty | the first recorded Chinese dynasty for which there is both documentary and archaeological evidence; the reputed successor to the quasi-legendary first dynasty, the Xia (c. 2070-c. 1600 bce). | 67 | |
| 10607932837 | Mandate of Heaven | the divine source of authority and the right to rule of China's early kings and emperors. The ancient god or divine force known as Heaven or Sky had selected this particular individual to rule on its behalf on earth | 68 | |
| 10607932838 | Zhou Dynasty | the longest-lasting dynasty in Chinese history; layed the foundations of Chinese civilization, including bureaucracy, scholar-gentry, Confucianism, Daoism and imperialism | 69 |
