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| 3923108943 | Civilization | a complex, organized society that has advanced cities, a government, religion, record keeping and writing, job specialization, social classes, and arts and architecture | 0 | |
| 3923108944 | Agricultural Revolutions | The change from food gathering to food production that occurred between ca. 8000 and 2000 B.C.E. Also known as the Neolithic Revolution. | 1 | |
| 3923108945 | Sumerians | People who dominated Southern Mesopotamia through the end of the 3rd Millennium BCE. Responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cunieform, and religious conceptions. | 2 | |
| 3923108946 | Semetic | Family of related languages spoken across parts of western Asia and northern Africa. In antiquity these langauges included Hebrew, Aramaic, and Phoenician. The most widespread modern memeber of the Semetic family is Arabic. | 3 | |
| 3923108947 | Hammurabi | King of the Babylonian empire; creator of the Code of Hammurabi, one of the world's oldest codes of law. | 4 | |
| 3923108948 | Ziggurat | a tiered, pyramid-shaped structure that formed part of a sumerian temple | 5 | |
| 3923108949 | Cuneiform | Sumerian writing made by pressing a wedge-shaped tool into clay tablets | 6 | |
| 3923108950 | Harappa | Site of one of the great cities of the Indus Valley civilization of the third millennium B.C.E. It was located on the northwest frontier of the zone of cultivation , and may have been a center for the acquisition of raw materials. | 7 | |
| 3923108951 | Mohenjo-Daro | Indus Valley city laid out in a grid pattern. Had a complex irrigation and sewer system., One of the first settlements in India | 8 | |
| 3923108952 | Shang | the imperial dynasty ruling China from about the 18th to the 12th centuries BC | 9 | |
| 3923108953 | Divination | the art or gift of prophecy (or the pretense of prophecy) by supernatural means | 10 | |
| 3923108954 | Zhou | the imperial dynasty of China from 1122 to 221 BC | 11 | |
| 3923108955 | Mandate of Heaven | a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source | 12 | |
| 3923108956 | Legalism | strict conformity to the letter of the law rather than its spirit | 13 | |
| 3923108957 | Confucius | Chinese philosphere and teacher; his belifs,known as confusoinism greatly influenced chinese life | 14 | |
| 3923108958 | Daoism | philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events | 15 | |
| 3923108959 | Olmec | The earliest-known Mesoamerican civilization, which flourished aroun 1200 B.C. and influenced later societies throughout the region. | 16 | |
| 3923108960 | Iron Age | the period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons | 17 | |
| 3923108961 | Hatshepsut | Queen of Egypt (1473-1458 B.C.E.). Dispatched a naval expedition down the Red Sea to Punt (possibly Somalia), the faraway source of myrrh. There is evidence of opposition to a woman as ruler, and after her death her name was frequently expunged. | 18 | |
| 3923108962 | Mycenae | Sea-faring proto-Greek kingdom whose abrupt demise triggered the Greek Dark Ages ca. 1200 BCE-800 BCE | 19 | |
| 3923108963 | Neo-Assyrian Empire | A major Mesopotamian empire between 934-608 BCE. They used force and terror and exploited the wealth and labor of their subjects. They were an iron-age resurgence of a previous bronze age empire. | 20 | |
| 3923108964 | Monotheism | belief in a single God | 21 | |
| 3923108965 | Diaspora | the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel | 22 | |
| 3923108966 | Phoenicians | Lived in the area of Palestine along the Mediterranean coast, created their own alphabet. | 23 | |
| 3923108967 | Zorastrianism | A religion founded in ancient Persia by the Prophet of the similar name. The religion centers on the worship of a god named Ahura Mazda and it teaches that a strict dualism of good and evil operates in the world until good triumphs over evil in a final apocalypse | 24 | |
| 3923108968 | Hoplite | a heavily armed Greek foot soldier | 25 | |
| 3923108969 | Tyrant | a cruel and oppressive dictator | 26 | |
| 3923108970 | Democracy | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 27 | |
| 3923108971 | Persian Wars | Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. | 28 | |
| 3923108972 | Alexander The Great | 356-323 b.c., king of Macedonia 336-323: conqueror of Greek city-states and of the Persian empire from Asia Minor and Egypt to India. | 29 | |
| 3923108973 | Hellenistic Age | Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until spread of islam. | 30 | |
| 3923108974 | Roman Republic | The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. (p. 148) | 31 | |
| 3923108975 | Pax Romana | A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180. | 32 | |
| 3923108976 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) | 33 | |
| 3923108977 | Byzantine Empire | Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from 'Byzantion,' an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453. (250) | 34 | |
| 3923108978 | Han Dynasty | imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time) from 206 BC to 221 and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy | 35 | |
| 3923108979 | Monsoon | rainy season in southern Asia when the southwestern monsoon blows, bringing heavy rains | 36 | |
| 3923108980 | Vedas | sacred texts in the Hindu religion, they are a set of four collections of hymns and religious ceremonies transmitted by memory through the centuries by Aryan priests | 37 | |
| 3923108981 | Bhadavad-Gita | a portion of the sacred books of Hinduism; the name means "the song of God"; It contains a discussion between the deity Krishna and the Indian hero Arjuna on human nature and human purpose | 38 | |
| 3923108982 | Gupta Empire | Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism | 39 | |
| 3923108983 | Silk Road | an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles) | 40 | |
| 3923108984 | Bantu | a family of languages widely spoken in the southern half of the African continent | 41 |
