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AP World History *In Progress* Flashcards

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4757168035Neolithic"New stone age," the last division of the stone age, immediately preceding the development of metallurgy and corresponding to the ninth to fifth millenia B.C.E. It was characterized by the increasing domestication of animals and cultivation of crops, established agriculture community, and the appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving0
4757168036The Fertile CrescentThe Tigris and Euphrates rivers gave life to the first known agricultural villages, about 10000 years ago, and the first known cities in human history, about 5000 years ago. Fertile lands extended to the Mediterranean and some contact apparently continued on the Nile valley. Its borders were defined to the south by arid regions receiving less than 10 inches of rainfall per year, and to the north by mountains and semi arid plateaux.1
4757168037InnovationThe explanation that similar cultural traits, techniques, or objects found among different groups of people were invented independently rather than spread from one group to another2
4757168038DiffusionThe spread of ideas, objects, or traits from one culture to another3
4757168039ZigguratA temple tower of ancient Mesopotamia, constructed of square or rectangular terraces of diminishing size, usually with a shrine on top built of blue enamel bricks, the color of the sky4
4757174503pictogramA pictorial symbol or sign representing an object or concept5
4757174504CuneiformA writing system in use in the ancient Near East from around the end of the fourth millennium to the first century B.C.E. The earliest examples are in Sumer. The name derives from the wedge-shaped marks made by pressing the slanted edge of a stylus into soft clay6
4757174505IdeogramA character or figures in a writing system in which the idea of a thing is represented rather its name. Languages such as Chinese use Ideogram7
4757174506Bars-reliefIn sculpture, relief is a term for any work in which the forms stand out from the background. In bars (or low) relief, the design projects only slightly from the background and the outline are not undercut8
4816220473TranshumanceThe practice of shifting residence and livestock between mountains and valleys according to the season of the year9

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