Harris, CAHS
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| 464565767 | Hunting and Gathering | The killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance. | 0 | |
| 464565768 | Homo Sapiens Sapiens | A species of the creatures Hominid who have larger brains and to which humans belong, dependent of language and usage of tools. | 1 | |
| 464565769 | Mesolithic Age | Middle part of the Stone Age beginning about 15,000 years ago | 2 | |
| 464565770 | Neolithic Age | New Stone Age beginning around 10,000 B.C.E in the Middle East (until later) | 3 | |
| 464565771 | Neolithic Revolution | the shift from hunting of animals and gathering of food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis around 8,000 B.C.E | 4 | |
| 464565772 | Sedentary Agriculture | Farming system in which the farmer remains settled in one place. | 5 | |
| 464565773 | Domestication of Animals | the taming of animals and plants for human use, such as work or as food | 6 | |
| 464565774 | Surplus | a quantity much larger than is needed | 7 | |
| 464565775 | Specialized Jobs | people practicing one profession only | 8 | |
| 464565776 | Pastoral Nomadism | A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals. | 9 | |
| 464565777 | Metallurgy | the science or art of metals. It includes the study of their properties and structure, the separation and refining of metals from their ores, the production of alloys, and the shaping and treatment of metals by heat and rolling. | 10 | |
| 464565778 | Civilization | a society in an advanced state of social development, highly developed culture | 11 | |
| 464565779 | Catal Huyuk | One of first true cities in history, created in the Neolithic Era in 6500 to 5500 BC, from which were created agriculture, trading, temples, housing, and religions, was located in present day Turkey | 12 | |
| 464565780 | Mesopotamia | first civilization located between the Tigris & Eurphrates Rivers in present day Iraq; term means "land between the rivers"; Sumerian culture | 13 | |
| 464565781 | Egypt | a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971 | 14 | |
| 464565782 | Indus River Valley | a valley in northeren Pakistan that is between the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush mountain ranges. Location of the first Indian civilization | 15 | |
| 464565783 | Northern China | dry, not much rain, people used rivers to survive | 16 | |
| 464565784 | Asian Steppe | the Asian part of the Eurasian Steppe; includes mainly the Mongolian steppes and the Kazakh steppes | 17 | |
| 467212263 | Judaism | A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament. | 18 | |
| 467212264 | Iron tools | after agriculture developed, stronger tools were needed, so tools were made of metal (copper, bronze - Bronze age); Iron was discovered about 1500 BCE, changed tools, metal working, special jobs, agriculture, etc | 19 | |
| 467212265 | Zhou | The people and dynasty that took over the dominant position in north China from the Shang and created the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. Remembered as prosperous era in Chinese History. | 20 | |
| 467212266 | Qin Han | chinese dynasty, ended with emporers death in 210. built great wall which peoples bodies are built in He had LEGALISM which is rule with an iron fist and his empire didn't last very long.Qin was considered to be a cruel leader because he reduced Aristocrats power, and burned scholars writings. | 21 | |
| 467212267 | Confucius | Western name for the Chinese philosopher Kongzi (551-479 B.C.E.). His doctrine of duty and public service had a great influence on subsequent Chinese thought and served as a code of conduct for government officials. | 22 | |
| 467212268 | Filial Piety | the duty of family members to subordinate their needs and desires to those of the male head of the family, a concept important in Confucianism | 23 | |
| 467212269 | Great wall | Chinese defensive fortification intended to keep out the nomadic invaders from the north; initiated during Qin dynasty and reign of Shi Huangdi. | 24 | |
| 467212270 | Wu Ti | Han "Warrior Emperor" who greatly expanded the empire, (140-87 BCE); promoted peace; supported Confucianism; Conducted trade with the Parthian Empire in the Middle East. He also conducted the FIRST Civil service examinations in the world. | 25 | |
| 467212271 | Central Government | a form of government in which the national government has most of the power, while the states have little power | 26 | |
| 467212272 | Professional Bureaucracy | a decentralized form of organization that emphasizes the operating core and coordination of standardization of skills. Structural Configuration- hospital/university. Both horizontal and vertical. Emphasizes expertise of professional in operating core. | 27 | |
| 467212273 | Confuscianism | ethical system; society was organized by 5 relationships: (1)ruler&subject (2)father&son (3)husband&wife (4)older brother&younger brother (5)friend&friend; children should practice respect to parents and ancestors; words are in book called Analects. | 28 | |
| 467212274 | Legalism | In China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime. | 29 | |
| 467212275 | Daoism | Chinese School of Thought: Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or 'path' of nature. | 30 | |
| 467212276 | Laozi | the "Old Master" who encouraged people to give up worldly desires in favor of nature; he founded Taoism (Daoism) | 31 | |
| 467212277 | Patriarchal | relating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority; the father or eldest son is head of the family. | 32 | |
| 467212278 | Heirarchical | of a group of persons or things arranged in order of rank, grade, class, etc., shang dynasty/china Heirarchical-king,aristicrats,warriors,artisans, peasents -levels of society -developed into feudalism | 33 | |
| 467212279 | Indus and Ganges | most important agricultural regions in classical India, Indus is a river valley civilization, Aryans extended agriculture to Ganges wtih iron tools, Ganges were sacred to India. | 34 | |
| 467212280 | Aryan | A group of Indo-European nomadic herders who are believed by many scholars to have migrated to the Indian subcontinent. | 35 | |
| 467212281 | Caste System | a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society | 36 | |
| 467212282 | Vedas | sacred texts in the Hindu religion, they are a set of four collections of hymns and religious ceremonies transmitted by memory through the centuries by Aryan priests | 37 | |
| 467212283 | Mahabharata | A vast epic chronicling the events leading up to a cataclysmic battle between related kinship groups in early India. It includes the Bhagavad-Gita, the most important work of Indian sacred literature. | 38 | |
| 467212284 | Ramayana | One of two classical Hindu epics telling of the banishment of Rama from his kingdom and the abduction of his wife by a demon and Rama's restoration to the throne. | 39 | |
| 467212285 | Upanishads | A major book in Hinduism that is often in the form of dialogues that explored the Vedas and the religious issues that they raised; A group of writings sacred in Hinduism concerning the relations of humans, God, and the universe. | 40 | |
| 467212286 | Maurya | King that unifies much of northern india through conquest, very war-like, creates a bureaucratic government, exempts farmers from military service, had heavy taxes to enforce law; Dynasty established in Indian sub-continentin 4th century B.C.E. following invasion by Alexander the Great | 41 | |
| 467227994 | Gupta | A dynasty of North India (a.d. 320-540) whose court was the center of classical Indian art and literature. annnnnd under which the arts flourished and a unified code of laws was promulgated., a dynasty of N India (a.d. 320-540) whose court was the center of classical Indian art and literature. annnnnd under which the arts flourished and a unified code of laws was promulgated; enjoyed a golden age. | 42 | |
| 467227995 | Chandragupta Maurya | He founded India's first empire. He was an Indian prince who conquered a large area in the Ganges River valley soon after Alexander invaded western India. | 43 | |
| 467227996 | Ashoka | Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing. | 44 | |
| 467227997 | Buddhism | the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth, founded in India and later spread to China. | 45 | |
| 467227998 | Regionalism | a foreign policy that defines the international interests of a country in terms of particular geographic areas. | 46 | |
| 467227999 | Hinduism | a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme beingof many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth. | 47 | |
| 467228000 | Polytheistic | worshiping or believing in more than one god. | 48 | |
| 467228001 | Reincarnation | the hinduism belief that when a soul dies it will come back to life and be roborn again; rebirth of a soul into a new body; passing through many lives to get to the brahman. | 49 | |
| 467228002 | Dharma | in Hinduism, the duties and obligations of each caste, Ethical duty based on the divine order of reality; one of the four goals of life. | 50 | |
| 467228003 | Siddhartha Guatama | A prince, left his wife and family to wander through the Ganges valley searching for enlightenment and an explanation for suffering; born into a Kshatriya family where his father was the governor of a state; known as The Buddha and the founder of Buddhism after he meditated under a tree for 49 days and recieved enlightenment and understood suffering and how it could be eliminated | 51 | |
| 467228004 | Nirvana | a condition of great peace or happiness; a lasting peace that buddhists seek by giving up selfish desires. | 52 | |
| 467228005 | Cyrus the Great | A remarkable leader who managed to reunite he Persian Empire in a powerful kingdom. Under Cyrus, Persia began building an empire larger than any yet seen in the world; king of Persia and founder of the Persian empire (circa 600-529 BC) | 53 | |
| 467228006 | Zoroastrainism | Animist Religion that saw material existaence as battle between forces of good and evil; stressed the importance of moral choice; righteous lived on after death in "House of Song"; chief religion in Persian Empire; developed in ancient Persia. | 54 | |
| 467228007 | City-state | a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside (so basically a country) ex: USA, Mexico, etc. | 55 | |
| 467228008 | Pericles | Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon. | 56 | |
| 467228009 | Peloponnesian Wars | Wars from 431 to 404 BCE between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece; resulted in Spartan victory but failure to achieve political unification of Greece. | 57 | |
| 467228010 | Sparta | Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts. | 58 | |
| 467228011 | Alexander the Great | son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world. | 59 | |
| 467228012 | Hellenistic | a word meaning to "imitate Greeks"; Greek-speaking civilization which spread through many lands of the eastern Mediterranean and beyond following the conquests of Alexander the Great. | 60 | |
| 467228013 | Republic | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them. | 61 | |
| 467228014 | Roman Empire | An empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern or Byzantine Empire. at its peak lands in Europe and Africa and Asia were ruled by ancient Rome. | 62 | |
| 467228015 | Punic Wars | A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean. | 63 | |
| 467228016 | Carthage | City located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by Rome in the third century B.C.E. | 64 | |
| 467228017 | Julius Cesar | Ruler elected to consul who ruled Rome for 10 years and later made himself the gov. of Gaul and goverened as supreme ruler and was assasinated | 65 | |
| 467228018 | Diocletian | Roman emperor who was faced with military problems, when that happend he decided to divide the empire between himself in the east and maximian in the west. he did the last persecution of the Christians. | 66 | |
| 467228019 | Constantine | Roman Emperor (4th century;280-337 A.D.) who promoted tolerance to all religions in the Roman Empire and legalized Christianity. | 67 | |
| 467228020 | Aristocracy | the most powerful members of a society, a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility. | 68 | |
| 467228021 | Direct Democracy | a system of government in which members of the polity meet to discuss all policy decisions and then agree to abide by majority rule. | 69 | |
| 467228022 | Representative Government | system of government in which public policies are made by officials selected by the voters and held accountable in periodic elections. | 70 | |
| 467228023 | Senate | In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats; a group of 300 men elected to govern Rome. | 71 | |
| 467228024 | Christianity | Currently the most popular religion in the world based on the number of worshippers found throughout the world. While this monotheistic religion developed from Judaism, there are several key differences in its teachings. Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ in the 1st century CE. The Christian holy book is called the Holy Bible. Focuses on the Old and New Testament | 72 | |
| 467228025 | Rationality | the process by which traditional methods of social organization, characterized by informality and spontaneity, are gradually replaced by efficiently administered formal rules and procedures. | 73 | |
| 467228026 | Philosophy | the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics;, system of ideas;, love of wisdom;, a system of beliefs and values. | 74 | |
| 467228027 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher (ca. 470-399 B.C.E.) who shifted the emphasis of philosophical investigation from questions of natural science to ethics and human behavior. He made enemies in government by revealing the ignorance of others. | 75 | |
| 467228028 | Plato | ancient Athenian philosopher; one of Socrates' students; was considered by many to be the GREATEST philosopher of western civilization. Plato explained his ideas about government in a work entitled The Republic. In his ideal state, the people were divided into three different groups. | 76 | |
| 467228029 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry. | 77 | |
| 467228030 | Kush | An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 100 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries. | 78 | |
| 467228031 | Axum | The Christian state in Africa that developed its own branch of Christianity, Coptic Christianity, because it was cut off from other Christians due to a large Muslim presence in Africa. | 79 | |
| 467228032 | Ethiopia | a Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa. | 80 | |
| 467228033 | Nomadic Societies | Moving peoples. End of classical period: contacts with civilizations central Asia (like China), infl. by their political organization, conquering goals, trade route with Asia. | 81 |
