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| 8533517856 | Inflation | A continuous rise in the price of goods and services | 0 | |
| 8533517857 | John Maynard Keynes | English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946) | 1 | |
| 8533517858 | Deficit Spending | Government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes | 2 | |
| 8533517859 | Great Depression | (1929-1939) The dramatic decline in the world's economy due to the United State's stock market crash of 1929, the overproduction of goods from World War I, and decline in the need for raw materials from non industrialized nations. Results in millions of people losing their jobs as banks and businesses closed around the world. Many people were reduced to homelessness, and had to rely on government sponsored soup kitchens to eat. World trade also declined as many countries imposed protective tariffs in an attempt to restore their economies. | 3 | |
| 8533517860 | New Deal | A plan by President Franklin Roosevelt intended to bring economic relief, recovery, and reforms to the country after the Great Depression. | 4 | |
| 8533517861 | Recovery | A period of renewed economic growth followed by a recession or depression. | 5 | |
| 8533517862 | Reform | A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | 6 | |
| 8533517863 | Relief | Fix unemployment and poverty | 7 | |
| 8533517864 | New Economic Policy (NEP) | Lenin's 1921 policy re-establishing limited economic freedom in an attempt to rebuild agriculture and industry in the face of economic disintegration. | 8 | |
| 8533517865 | Five Year Plan | Stalin's economic policy to rebuild the Soviet economy after WWI. tried to improve heavy industry and improve farm output, but resulted in famine | 9 | |
| 8533517866 | Dollar Diplomacy | Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean. | 10 | |
| 8533517867 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Democratic candidate who won the 1932 election by a landslide. He refused to uphold any of Hoover's policies with the intent on enacting his own. He pledged a present a "New Deal" (its specific meaning ambiguous at the time to the American people) to the American public. | 11 | |
| 8533517868 | Benito Mussolini | Fascist Dictator of Italy that at first used bullying to gain power, then never had full power. | 12 | |
| 8533517869 | Adolf Hitler | Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich (1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied in Mein Kampf (1925-1927), attracted widespread support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was infamous for the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide when the collapse of the Third Reich was imminent (1945). | 13 | |
| 8533517870 | Peter von Hindenburg | German military officer, statesman, and politician who served as the second President of Germany from 1925-34. | 14 | |
| 8533517871 | Francisco Franco | Fascist leader of the Spanish revolution, helped by Hitler and Mussolini | 15 | |
| 8533517872 | Antonio Salazar | Portuguese dictator, rejected African demands for freedom | 16 | |
| 8533517873 | Getulio Vargas | Dictator of Brazil from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1954. Defeated in the presidential election of 1930, he overthrew the government and created Estado Novo ('New State'), a dictatorship that emphasized industrialization. | 17 | |
| 8533517874 | Joseph Stalin | Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush opposition | 18 | |
| 8533517875 | Porfirio Diaz | Dictator in Mexico from 1876 to 1911. Overthrown by the Mexican Revolution of 1910. | 19 | |
| 8533517876 | Emiliano Zapata | Revolutionary and leader of peasants in the Mexican Revolution. He mobilized landless peasants in south-central Mexico in an attempt to seize and divide the lands of the wealthy landowners. Though successful for a time, he was ultimately defeated and assassinated. | 20 | |
| 8533517877 | Pancho Villa | A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution of 1910. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata. | 21 | |
| 8533517878 | Lazaro Cardenas | President of Mexico (1934-1940). He brought major changes to Mexican life by distributing millions of acres of land to the peasants, bringing representatives of workers and farmers into the inner circles of politics, and nationalizing the oil industry | 22 | |
| 8533517879 | Mao Tse-tung | Communist leader of China; gained power through the Chinese civil war; defeated US backed Chiang Kai Shek | 23 | |
| 8533517880 | Sun Yat Sen | Chinese physician and political leader who aimed to transform China with patriotic, democratic, and economically progressive reforms. | 24 | |
| 8533517881 | Mustafa Kemal | 1881 - 1938, father of modern turkey, known as (Ataturk) let Turkey through an intensive period of reform that sought to eliminate vestiges of the Ottoman past and orient Turkey even more towards the West. | 25 | |
| 8533517882 | Mohandas Gandhi | Great leader from India who used non-violence to protest for independence, gender equity, and peaceful conflict resolution | 26 | |
| 8533517883 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | Indian Muslim politician who founded the state of Pakistan. A lawyer by training, he joined the All-India Muslim League in 1913. As leader of the League from the 1920s on, he negotiated with the British/INC for Muslim Political Rights | 27 | |
| 8533517884 | Jawaharlal Nehru | Indian statesman. He succeeded Mohandas K. Gandhi as leader of the Indian National Congress. He negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India and became India's first prime minister (1947-1964). | 28 | |
| 8533517885 | Howard Taft | Broke up more trusts than TR, safety rules for miners, graduated income tax, dealed with child labor issues, raised tariffs to help industry and business | 29 | |
| 8533517886 | Augusto Sandino | Nationalist leader who fought against the U.S. Marines in Nicaragua. He led an army of peasants and Indians to restore Nicaraguan national sovereignty; rediscovered the guerilla tradition, been influenced by the anti-yankees and socialist ideas of the Mexican revolution, returned to Nicaragua. | 30 | |
| 8533517887 | Libya | Country in North Africa | 31 | |
| 8533517888 | Somaliland | Title of the new country created by Northern Somalians who were formerly ruled by the British | 32 | |
| 8533517889 | Weimer Republic | Germany's new democratic government was set up in 1919. It was named the Weimar Republic after the city where the national assembly met. It was a very weak republic from the start. Germany lacked a strong democratic tradition, so postwar Germany had several major political parties and many minor ones. The country's defeat and postwar humiliation was blamed on the Weimar government not their wartime leaders. | 33 | |
| 8533517890 | Nazis | Adolf Hitler used fascism to create this type of government based on totalitarian ideas and was used to unite Germany during the 1930s. | 34 | |
| 8533517891 | Spanish Republic | Took over church lands and gave vote to women | 35 | |
| 8533517892 | Popular Front | A government of all left-wing parties that took power in France in 1936 to enact social and economic reforms. | 36 | |
| 8533517893 | Nationalists | A member of a political group advocating or fighting for national independence, a strong national government, etc. | 37 | |
| 8533517894 | Loyalists | American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence | 38 | |
| 8533517895 | USSR | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | 39 | |
| 8533517896 | Chinese Communist Party (CCP) | Party formed in 1923 when Sun Yat-Sen merged the Third Communist International and the KMT to create the first of many liberation fronts. This front was completely anticonservative and anti-imperialist, but not fully communist. Eventually it would separate from and defeat the KMT under Mao Zedong in 1927. | 40 | |
| 8533517897 | Kuomintang | Nationalist Party in China led by Jiang Jieshi, which began a war against the Communist Party led by Mao Zedong. Both fought for control of China, with Mao and the Communists ultimately winning in 1949. | 41 | |
| 8533517898 | Turkish National Movement | Turkish revolutions, young turks | 42 | |
| 8533517899 | Satyagraha Movement | 1920, Gandhi announced this campaign of massive widespread nonviolent resistance & noncooperation with British that was an immediate success | 43 | |
| 8533517900 | Pakistan | After Gandhi received freedom for the Indians, Pakistans, or Sikhs, moved away from the Hindu people and started their own country | 44 | |
| 8533517901 | Sandinistas | Members of a leftist coalition that overthrew the Nicaraguan dictatorship of Anastasia Somoza in 1979 and attempted to install a socialist economy. The United States financed armed opposition by the Contras. The Sandinistas lost national elections in 1990 | 45 | |
| 8533517902 | Fascism | A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition | 46 | |
| 8533517903 | Corporation | A business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts | 47 | |
| 8533517904 | Reichstag | The lower house of the German Diet, or legislature | 48 | |
| 8533517905 | Lebensraum | Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people | 49 | |
| 8533517906 | Spanish Civil War | In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected. General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. The revolt quickly became a civil war. The Soviet Union provided arms and advisers to the government forces while Germany and Italy sent tanks, airplanes, and soldiers to help Franco. | 50 | |
| 8533517907 | Land Reform | The process of breaking up large landholdings to attain a more balanced land distribution among farmers. | 51 | |
| 8533517908 | Guernica | a Spanish town that was brutally bombed and was full of innocent civilians it was supposed to encourage fear, Picasso painted a famous painting capturing Guernica | 52 | |
| 8533517909 | Basque Region | in western Pyrenees and partly belongs to Spain an dpartly France; most accept status quo, but some do not like the group Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) that employs violence and terrorism | 53 | |
| 8533517910 | Luftwaffe | German Air Force | 54 | |
| 8533517911 | Politburo | A seven-member committee that became the leading policy-making body of the Communist Party in Russia | 55 | |
| 8533517912 | Amritsar | To protest the Rowlatt Act, Indians gathered in Amritsar, where British troops fired on the crowd killing several hundred. This sparked further protests | 56 | |
| 8533517913 | Civil Disobedience | A form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences. | 57 | |
| 8533517914 | Salt March | (1930) Passive resistance campaign of Mohandas Gandhi where many Indians protested the British tax on salt by marching to the sea to make their own salt. | 58 | |
| 8533517915 | Neocolonialism | Also called economic imperialism, this is the domination of newly independent countries by foreign business interests that causes colonial-style economies to continue, which often caused monoculture (a country only producing one main export like sugar, oil, etc). | 59 | |
| 8533517916 | Good Neighbor Policy | FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region | 60 | |
| 8533517917 | Scientific Racism | the use of scientific theories to support or validate racist attitudes or worldviews; also, to support classification of human beings into distinct biological races | 61 | |
| 8533517918 | Olympic Games | Festival and athletic contests held at Olympia in honor of Zeus in which all Greek city-states sent representatives. | 62 | |
| 8533517919 | Jesse Owens | African American who won 4 gold medals at Olympic games in Germany under Hitler (a blow to Nazi notions of a master race). | 63 | |
| 8533517920 | Leni Reifenstahl | directed the Nazi propaganda film, "Triumph of the Will" | 64 | |
| 8533517921 | Socialist Realism | Artistic style whose goal was to promote socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light | 65 | |
| 8533517922 | Negritude Movement | a movement in which French-speaking Africans and West Indians celebrated their heritage of traditional African culture and values | 66 | |
| 8533517923 | Leopold Senghor | part of negritude movement, which rejected negative vies of Africa, wrote "Black Woman", later takes role in Senegals drive to independence and would serve as it's 1st president | 67 | |
| 8533517924 | W.E.B. DuBois | Opposed Booker T. Washington. Wanted social and political integration as well as higher education for 10% of African Americans-what he called a "Talented Tenth". Founder of the Niagara Movement which led to the creation of the NAACP. | 68 | |
| 8533517925 | Richard Wright | African-American author who wrote about racial oppression | 69 | |
| 8533517926 | Langston Hughes | African American poet who described the rich culture of African American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance. | 70 | |
| 8533517927 | Diego Rivera | Mexican Muralist who created artworks in Mexico and the U.S. focusing on political messages. | 71 | |
| 8533517928 | Surrealist Artists | A literary and artistic movement of the 1900s that attempts to express the workings of the subconscious and is characterized by fantastic imagery and incongruous juxtaposition of subject matter. | 72 | |
| 8533517929 | Paradigm Shifts | Shifts in scientific thinking that occur when the majority of scientists in a field or related fields agree that a new explanation or theory is better than the old one. | 73 | |
| 8533517930 | Nuremberg Laws | Placed severe restrictions of Jews, prohibited from marrying non- Jews, attending schools or universities, holding government jobs, practicing law or medicine or publishing books. | 74 | |
| 8533517931 | Kristallnacht | (Night of the Broken Glass) November 9, 1938, when mobs throughout Germany destroyed Jewish property and terrorized Jews. | 75 | |
| 8533517932 | Long March | The 6,000-mile (9,600-kilometer) flight of Chinese Communists from southeastern to northwestern China. The Communists, led by Mao Zedong, were pursued by the Chinese army under orders from Chiang Kai-shek. | 76 |
