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AP World History-Intro Unit Flashcards

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14617454772Paleolithicthe early phase of the Stone Age also called the Old Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used.0
14617454773Neolithicalso called the New Stone age it was final stage of cultural evolution or technological development among prehistoric humans. It was characterized by stone tools shaped by polishing or grinding, dependence on domesticated plants or animals, settlement in permanent villages, and the appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving.1
14617454774Agrarianconcerning farms, farmers, or the use of land2
14617454775Pastoralused for or related to the keeping or grazing of sheep or cattle.3
14617454776Nomadicwandering, moving about from place to place4
14617454777Patriarchalrelating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority5
14617454778Syncretisma blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith6
14617454779Monotheismthe doctrine or belief that there is only one God.7
14617454780Polytheismthe belief in or worship of more than one god.8
14617454781Buddhismreligion and philosophy that developed from the teachings of the Buddha that started in India in the 500s BC. Happiness can be achieved through removal of one's desires. Believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering.9
14617454782ConfucianismA philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.10
14617454783JudaismA religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament.11
14617454784Islammonotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God (Allah), and that Muhammad is the messenger of God. Islam teaches that God is merciful, all-powerful, and unique, and has guided mankind through prophets, revealed scriptures and natural signs. The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran.12
14617454785HinduismA religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms13
14617454786ChristianityA monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.14
14617454787Secularnon religious; Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters15
14617454788Karma(in Hinduism and Buddhism) the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences.16
14617454789Commoditya raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee.17
14617454790Brahminthe highest of the four classes of the Hindu caste system, traditionally made up of priests. While Brahmin can have a variety of occupations, only Brahmin may become priests.18
14617454791Kshatriyathe second of the four classes of the caste system, traditionally made up of warriors and administrators19
14617454792Vaishyathe third of the four classes of the caste system, traditionally made up of producers, such as farmers, merchants, and artisans20
14617454793Shudrathe lowest of the four classes of the caste system, traditionally made up of servants and laborers21
14617454794Dalitmember of the lowest Indian caste grouping made up of people who did dirty or unpleasant jobs, also known as the untouchables22
14617454795Silk roadConnected China, India, and the Middle East. Traded goods and helped to spread culture.23
14617454796Sand roadsA term used to describe the routes of the trans-Saharan trade in Africa.24
14617454797Indian Ocean Trade RoutesThese trade routes served as water-based counterparts to the silk roads and connected China, Southeast Asia,India, and the Middle East. Traders contributed to the spread of Buddhism and Hindu cults along these sea lanes.25
14617454798Disseminateto scatter or spread widely26
14617454799Egalitarianrelating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.27
14617454800Roman EmpireExisted from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity.28
14617454801Gupta EmpirePowerful Indian state based in the Ganges Valley. It controlled most of the Indian subcontinent through a combination of military force and its prestige as a center of sophisticated culture. Often associated with a Golden Age of classical India.29
14617454802SubsequentComing after or later30
14617454803Persian EmpiresAchaemenids (558-330 BCE): was created by Achaemenids, established by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC with the conquest of Median, Lydian and Babylonian empires.It covered much of the then known Ancient world.Persepolis is the most famous historical site related to Persian Empire Seleucids (323-383 BCE): began with the collapse of Alexander's empire and faded away between Roman and Parthian growth of power in the 1st century BCE. Parthians (247 BCE-224 CE): was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran. the Parthians largely adopted the art, architecture, religious beliefs, and royal insignia of their culturally heterogeneous empire, which encompassed Persian, Hellenistic, and regional cultures Sasanids (224-651 CE): was the last pre-Islamic Persian empire, established in 224 CE by Ardeshir I, descendant of Sasan. The Empire lasted until 651 CE when it was overthrown by the Arab Caliphate31
14617454804City-statea city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.32
14617454805Mayan Empire2500 BC to 900 AD. Located in southeastern Mexico. Had independent city-states that were unified by culture, religion and trade. Had religious rulers who had ceremonies and made sacrifices to the gods. Charted planets, moon and sun and developed calendar). Economy based on agriculture and trade.33
14617454806Han EmpireTook control of and unified China after the collapse of the Qin Empire; founded by Gaozu in 202 B.C.; adopted Confucianism; merit system for government exams; Buddhism was introduced; weak leadership, economic strains, and natural disasters contributed to its decline in 220 B.C.34
14617454807Mauryan EmpireThe first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 B.C.E. and survived until 184 B.C.E. From its capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley it grew wealthy from taxes.35

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