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| 6509384242 | Mecca | City located in mountainous region along Red Sea in Arabian peninsula; founded by Umayyad clan of Quaraysh; site of Ka'ba; original home of Muhammad; location of chief religious pilgrimage point in Islam | 0 | |
| 6509384243 | Umayyad | caliphs, who took control of the empire in 661, extended Islam into India, Northwest Africa, and Spain. Mecca; clan established a dynasty under this title as rulers of Islam, 661 to 750 | 1 | |
| 6509384246 | Medina | town located northeast of Mecca; became refuge for Muhammad following flight from Mecca to Medina (hijra)- where Muhammad was buried. | 2 | |
| 6509384247 | Allah | The Arab term for the high god in pre-Islamic Arabia that was adopted by the followers of Muhammad and the Islamic faith | 3 | |
| 6509384250 | Muhammad | Prophet of Islam; born c.570 to Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca; raised by fathers family; received revelations from Allah in 610 C.E. and thereafter; died in 632 | 4 | |
| 6509384251 | Khadijah(555-619) | First wife of prophet Muhammad, who had worked for her as a trader | 5 | |
| 6509384252 | Qur'an | Recitations of revelations received by Muhammad; holy book of Islam | 6 | |
| 6509384256 | Five pillars | The obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj. | 7 | |
| 6509384255 | Zakat | A pillar of Islam-Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims | 8 | |
| 6509384257 | Ramadan | A pillar of Islam--Islamic month of religious observance requiring fasting from dawn to sunset | 9 | |
| 6509384258 | Hajj | A pillar of Islam-A Muslim's pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca, to worship Allah at the Ka'ba | 10 | |
| 6509384260 | Caliph | The political and religious successor to Muhammad | 11 | |
| 6509384263 | Jihads | Struggles; often used for wars in defense of the faith, but also a term to indicate personal quests for religious understanding | 12 | |
| 6509384276 | Hadiths | part of the Qur'an that are historical accounts of the life of Mohammad, written by different people in Mohammad's circle, for example-. His wife. | 13 | |
| 6509384277 | Abbasid | Dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; came to power in 750 C.E. the Sharia reached its full development. under their absolute rule | 14 | |
| 6509384300 | Islamic Golden Age | Islamic civilization outperformed all other civilizations at this time in scientific discoveries, new discoveries, new technologies of investigation, and new technologies | 15 | |
| 6509384328 | Sharia | Islamic law; based on the teachings of the Koran(Qur'an) and the traditions of the Prophet (Hadith and Sunnah), prescribing both religious and secular duties and sometimes retributive penalties for lawbreaking. It has generally been supplemented by legislation adapted to the conditions of the day, though the manner in which it should be applied in modern states is a subject of dispute between Islamic fundamentalists and modernists. | 16 | |
| 6509459364 | Caliphate | The political and religious state established by Muslims in the centuries after Muhammad's death | 17 | |
| 6509461058 | Sunnah | is the verbally transmitted record of the teachings, deeds and sayings, silent permissions (or disapprovals) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as various reports about Muhammad's companions. | 18 | |
| 6509466016 | Arab Peninsula | Where Islam originated around 600 CE 3/4 of it is desert Sparsely populated except for oases Camel important to trade, transport Nomadic herders, farmers, townspeople dependent on each other Bedouin tribes fought over water, pasture areas Valued bravery, honor, equality, hospitality to strangers Commercial towns created wealthy class, divisions between traders and Bedouin tribes- | 19 | |
| 6509384240 | Bedouin tribe | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam | 20 |
