Islam
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| 15617885078 | Bedouin | nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats | 0 | |
| 15617885079 | Mecca | Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam | 1 | |
| 15617885080 | Medina | town northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar | 2 | |
| 15617885081 | Umayyad | clan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty | 3 | |
| 15617885082 | Muhammad | (570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh | 4 | |
| 15617885083 | Qur'an | the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam | 5 | |
| 15617885084 | Umma | community of the faithful within Islam | 6 | |
| 15617885085 | Five Pillars | the obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) | 7 | |
| 15617885086 | Caliph | the successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community | 8 | |
| 15617885087 | Ali | cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism | 9 | |
| 15617885088 | Abu Bakr | succeeded Muhammad as the first caliph | 10 | |
| 15617885089 | Jihad | Islamic holy war | 11 | |
| 15617885090 | Sunnis | followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads | 12 | |
| 15617885091 | Shi'a | followers of Ali's interpretation of Islam | 13 | |
| 15617885092 | Abbasids | dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad | 14 | |
| 15617885093 | Hadiths | "traditions" of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an, form the essential writings of Islam | 15 | |
| 15617885094 | Dhows | Arab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab merchants | 16 | |
| 15617885095 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids | 17 | |
| 15617885096 | Crusades | invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291 | 18 | |
| 15617885097 | Ulama | Islamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking | 19 | |
| 15617885098 | Sufis | Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions | 20 | |
| 15617885099 | Mongols | central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph | 21 | |
| 15617885100 | Chinggis Khan | (1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms | 22 | |
| 15617885101 | Mamluks | Rulers of Egypt; descended from Turkish slaves | 23 | |
| 15617885102 | Arabic numerals | Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West | 24 | |
| 15617885103 | Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism | emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses in East Asia | 25 | |
| 15617885104 | Muhammad's primary historical achievement | spread of Islam | 26 | |
| 15617885109 | Silk Road Trade system |  | 27 | |
| 15617885105 | Important continuity in social structure of states and empires 600-1450 | land holding aristocracies, patriarchies, peasant systems still in place | 28 | |
| 15617885106 | Diasporic communities | merchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas | 29 | |
| 15617885107 | Trans Saharan trade | Dominated my Muslims in 13th century after rise of Islamic caliphates.. |  | 30 |
| 15617885108 | Effect of Muslim conquests | collapse of other empires, mass conversion | 31 | |
| 15617885110 | Indian Ocean Maritime Trade |  | 32 |
