Terms : Hide Images
| 3169694210 | Abbasid Dynasty | The Islamic dynasty that took over after the Umayyads fell and ruled from 750 to 1258 CE. | 0 | |
| 3169694211 | Abu Bakr | The best friend of the prophet Muhammad, selected as the first caliph soon after the prophet's death. | 1 | |
| 3169868962 | Allah | The one God worshipped by Muslims. | 2 | |
| 3169876331 | Arabic numerals | A set of numerals borrowed by Muslims from Hindu India, most widely used numeral set today. | 3 | |
| 3169887862 | Baghdad | The capital of modern Iraq, formerly the capital of the Abbasid Dynasty. | 4 | |
| 3169900878 | Bedouin peoples | Nomadic inhabitants of the Arabian desert; kept herds of domestic animals and moved around with sources of food and water. | 5 | |
| 3169908008 | Berbers | Nomadic people in North Africa conquered by the Umayyad Dynasty. | 6 | |
| 3169923283 | Caliph | An Arabic word meaning "deputy"; the one in charge of the Islamic realm. | 7 | |
| 3169929217 | Cordoba | The capital city of Islamic Spain, or "al-Andalus." | 8 | |
| 3170274867 | Dar al-Islam | An Arabic term meaning "house of Islam." | 9 | |
| 3170298361 | Dhimmis | An Arabic word meaning "protected person" referring to individuals granted special status under Islamic law in return for higher tax payments. | 10 | |
| 3170315185 | Five Pillars of Islam | Five doctrines that are said to be the foundations of Islam. | 11 | |
| 3170323358 | Hajj | A pilgrimage every Muslim must make at least once to Mecca in imitation of Muhammad's migration to Mecca in 632. | 12 | |
| 3170331430 | Hijra | A migration Muhammad made to Medina with his early followers that serves as the starting point of the Islamic calendar. | 13 | |
| 3170344994 | Iberian peninsula | A peninsula in southwestern Europe that includes modern-day Spain and Portugal. | 14 | |
| 3170350818 | Islam | A major Middle Eastern religion started by the prophet Muhammad around 610 CE; the name literally means "submission." | 15 | |
| 3170364129 | Jihad | An Arabic word meaning "struggle"; Muslims interpret it many different ways. | 16 | |
| 3170370392 | Jizya | A special head tax levied by the Umayyad government on conquered people who didn't convert to Islam. | 17 | |
| 3170403793 | Ka'ba | A cube-shaped black building in Mecca that houses a large black rock formerly believed to be the dwelling of a powerful deity (pre-Islam), but now preserved as a symbol of Mecca's greatness. | 18 | |
| 3170691149 | Madrasas | Islamic schools of higher education established in the tenth through twelfth centuries. | 19 | |
| 3170703040 | Mecca | The most holy city of Islam. | 20 | |
| 3170711337 | Minaret | A tall, thin tower from which Muslims are called to preyed in a mosque. | 21 | |
| 3170731190 | Mosque | A Muslim place of worship. | 22 | |
| 3170735844 | Muhammad | The main prophet of the Islamic religion; lived from 570-630 CE. | 23 | |
| 3170750493 | Muslim | One who practices Islam; Arabic for "one who has submitted." | 24 | |
| 3170792632 | Persian miniatures | Small paintings on paper intended to be kept in an album called a muraqqa. | 25 | |
| 3171912758 | Qadis | Arabic for "judges"; learned officials who resolved disputes in local communities. | 26 | |
| 3171933889 | Quran | The holy text of Islam. | 27 | |
| 3171935537 | Ramadan | The holy month of Islam in which all Muslims must practice fasting during the daylight hours of each day. | 28 | |
| 3171940190 | Seal of the prophets | A title Muhammad gave himself meaning that he was the last prophet Allah would ever speak through on Earth. | 29 | |
| 3171945693 | Sharia | The Islamic holy law which offered guidance on proper behavior in nearly every aspect of life. | 30 | |
| 3171951975 | Shia | A minority sect of Islam that arose out of disputes over who should be the next caliph in 661 CE; Arabic for "party." | 31 | |
| 3171966875 | Sufis | Islamic missionaries that were especially popular because they did not focus on particulars of Islamic doctrine, but rather general allegiance to Allah. | 32 | |
| 3171974017 | Sultan | Turkish for "chieftain" or "ruler"; the one in charge once Saljuq Turks took over the Abbasid Dynasty in the tenth and eleventh centuries. | 33 | |
| 3171987965 | Sunni | The version of Islam practiced by most Muslims; Arabic for "traditionalists." | 34 | |
| 3171995811 | The Thousand and One Nights | A collection of stories and folk tales from all over the Islamic world. | 35 | |
| 3172016139 | Ulama | Arabic for "people with religious knowledge" who set moral standards in local communities. | 36 | |
| 3172025229 | Umayyad Dynasty | The first major Islamic dynasty established by a prominent Meccan merchant clan; lasted from 661 to 750 CE. | 37 | |
| 3172034854 | Umma | The cohesive community of followers organized by Muhammad; Arabic for "community of the faithful." | 38 |
