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AP World History "-Isms" Flashcards

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6309647690Absolutisma form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)0
6309647691Anarchisma political theory favoring the abolition of governments1
6309647692Anti-Semitismpolicies, views, or actions that harm or discriminate against Jews2
6309647693Chartismthe principles of a body of 19th century English reformers who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people3
6309647694Colonialism-The practice of having and running colonies.4
6309647695Cubism-the most influential artistic movement of the 20th century "Pablo Piccasso" typifies the form. Multi-veiw-point and three dimensional representations of objects, sometimes disassembled and reassembled in abstract ways.5
6309647696Dadaisma nonsensical form of mostly visual arts that became popular beginning around 1916 as a response to the horrors of WWI.6
6309647697New ImperialismHistorians' term for the late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century wave of conquests by European powers and the United States, which were followed by the development and exploitation of the newly conquered territories.7
6309647698OwensimUtopian socialist philosophy of 19th century social reformer ______ ________ and his followers and successors. Aimed for radical reform of society and is considered a forerunner of the cooperative movement.8
6309647699Pan-SlavismA movement to promote the independence of Slav people. Roughly started with the Congress in Prague; supported by Russia. Led to the Russo-Turkish War of 1877.9
6309647700Positivismthe form of empiricism that bases all knowledge on perceptual experience (not on intuition or revelation)10
6309647701Communisma theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.11
6309647702Conservatisma political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes12
6309647703Racismdiscriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of another race13
6309647704Corporatisma political system in which interest groups become an institutionalized part of the state or dominant political party;public policy is typically the result of negotiations among representatives of the state and key interest groups14
6309647705RealismThis was the new style of literature that focused on the daily lives and adventures of a common person. This style was a response to Romanticism's supernaturalism and over-emphasis on emotion15
6309647706RevisionismSocialist thought that disagreed with Marx's formulation; believed that social and economic progress could be achieved through existing political institutions.16
6309647707DeismThe religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life.17
6309647708Empiricismthe view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment.18
6309647709ExistentialismA philosophy that values human freedom and personal responsibility. A few well known _______ writers are Jean-Paul Satre, Soren Kierkegaard ("the father of _______"), Albert Camus, Freidrich Nietzche, Franz Kafka, and Simone de Beauvoir.19
6309647710RomanticismAn artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th Century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions.20
6309647711Social DarwinismThe application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.21
6309647712Socialisma theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole.22
6309647713UtilitarianismThe theory, proposed by Jeremy Bentham in the late 1700s, that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people.23
6309647714ZionismA worldwide movement, originating in the 19th century that sought to establish and develop a Jewish nation in Palestine. Since 1948, its function has been to support the state of Israel.24
6309647715Fabianisma British intellectual socialist movement, whose purpose is to advance the principles of Social democracy via gradualist and reformist, rather than revolutionary means. It is best known for its initial ground-breaking work beginning late in the 19th century and continuing up to World War I. The society laid many of the foundations of the Labour Party and subsequently affected the policies of states emerging from the decolonisation of the British Empire, especially India.25
6309647716FascismA system of government characterized by strict social and economic control and a strong, centralized government usually headed by a dictator. First found in Italy by Mussolini.26
6309647717Feminismthe belief that women should possess the same political and economic rights as men27
6309647718Fourierismfounded by Charles Fourier. he believed that the industrial order ignored the passionate side of human nature. Social discipline ignored all the pleasures of human being naturally seek. He advocated phalanxes in which agrarian labor dominated and people could rotate tasks throughout the day28
6309647719Humanisman intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on education and the classics29
6309647720ImperialismA policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.30
6309647721Isolationisma policy of non-involvement in foreign affairs31
6309647722ImpressionismMajor Western artistic style that gained prominence in the second half of the 1800s and into the 1900s.Against Realism, visual impression of a moment, style that seeks to capture a feeling or experience, often very colorful.32
6309647723JansenismA branch of Catholicism which resembled Protestantism. Emphasized need for God's grace in achieving salvation and the importance of original sin. Louis XIV took special actions to restrict the rights of this group and force them underground.33
6309647724LiberalismA political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens, representative government, and the protection of private property. This ideology, derived from the Enlightenment, was especially popular among the property-owning middle classes.34
6309647725MannerismArtistic movement against the Renaissance ideals of symetry, balance, and simplicity; went against the perfection the High Renaissance created in art. Used elongated proportions, twisted poese and compression of space.35
6309647726Marxismthe economic and political theories of ______ __________and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will untimately be superseded36
6309647727Mercantilisman economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests37
6309647728Militarisma political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggresively to defend or promote national interests38
6309647729Modernismpractices typical of contemporary life or thought39
6309647730Nationalismlove of country and willingness to sacrifice for it40
6309647731Nazisma form of socialism featuring racism and expansionism, The doctrines of nationalism, racial purity, anti-Communism, and the all-powerful role of the State. The National Socialist German Workers Party encouraged this and it was advocated by Adolf Hitler in Germany.41
6309647732DaoismChinese philosophy based on the teachings of Laozi; taught that people should turn to nature and give up their worldly concerns42
6309647733Confucianismthe system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct43
6309647734LegalismIn China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime44
6309647735AnimismBelief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.45
6309647736ZoroastrianismA religion originating in ancient Iran. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahuramazda, Emphasizing truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature, the religion demanded that humans choose sides between good and evil46
6309647737FederalismA system of government in which a written constitution divides power between a central, or national, government and several regional governments47
6309647738Centralismdenotes the concentration of a government's power into a centralized government. This takes away some of the powers of the states and puts more power into the hands of the executive leader48
6309647739FeudalismA political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land49
6309647740Protectionism-government policy of insulating domestic industries from the world market through import tariffs and taxes.50
6309647741ManorialismAn economic system based on the manor and lands including a village and surrounding acreage which were administered by a lord. It developed during the Middle Ages to increase agricultural production.51
6309647742Radicalisma political philosophy that emphasizes the need to find and eliminate the basic injustices of society; seek what they consider the roots of the economic, political, and social wrongs of society and demand immediate and sweeping changes to wipe them out; a belief that rapid, dramatic changes need to be made to existing society, usually think current system cannot be saved and must be overturned52
6309647743Protestantism- religions born of protests to the practices of Catholicism53

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