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AP World History Jargon (J - P) Flashcards

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233634941judiciarythe system of courts of justice in a country.0
233634942judicialpertaining to judgment in courts of justice or to the administration of justice: judicial proceedings; the judicial system.1
233634943juntaa small group ruling a country, especially immediately after a coup d'état and before a legally constituted government has been instituted.2
233634944kina person's relatives collectively; kinfolk.3
233634945kinshipthe state or fact of being of kin; family relationship.4
233634946laissez-fairethe theory or system of government that upholds the autonomous character of the economic order, believing that government should intervene as little as possible in the direction of economic affairs.5
233634947unilateralundertaken or done by or on behalf of one side, party, or faction only; not mutual: a unilateral decision; unilateral disarmament.6
233634948bilateralpertaining to, involving, or affecting two or both sides, factions, parties, or the like: a bilateral agreement; bilateral sponsorship.7
233634949multilateralparticipated in by more than two nations, parties, etc.; multipartite: multilateral agreements on disarmament.8
233634950the Left(often initial capital letter) of or belonging to the political Left; having liberal or radical views in politics.9
233634951legislatureempowered to make, change, or repeal the laws of a country or state; the branch of government having the power to make laws, as distinguished from the executive and judicial branches of government.10
233634952legislativeof or pertaining to the enactment of laws: legislative proceedings; legislative power.11
233634953legitimacythe state or quality of being legitimate.12
233634954liberalfavorable to or in accord with concepts of maximum individual freedom possible, especially as guaranteed by law and secured by governmental protection of civil liberties.13
233634955-logya combining form used in the names of sciences or bodies of knowledge: paleontology; theology. A termination of nouns referring to writing, discourses, collections, etc.: trilogy; martyrology.14
233634956malnutritionlack of proper nutrition; inadequate or unbalanced nutrition.15
233634957mandate (v & n)an authoritative order or command: a royal mandate.16
233634958manifestreadily perceived by the eye or the understanding; evident; obvious; apparent; plain: a manifest error.17
233634959manifestoa public declaration of intentions, opinions, objectives, or motives, as one issued by a government, sovereign, or organization.18
233634960manuscriptthe original text of an author's work, handwritten or now usually typed, that is submitted to a publisher.19
233634961maritimeconnected with the sea in relation to navigation, shipping, etc.20
233634962materialthe substance or substances of which a thing is made or composed: Stone is a durable material21
233634963materielthe aggregate of things used or needed in any business, undertaking, or operation (distinguished from personnel).22
233634964medievalof, pertaining to, characteristic of, or in the style of the Middle Ages: medieval architecture. Compare Middle Ages.23
233634965mercantilismmercantile practices or spirit; commercialism.24
233634966meso-a combining form meaning "middle," used in the formation of compound words: mesocephalic.25
233634967meta-a prefix appearing in loanwords from Greek, with the meanings "after," "along with," "beyond," "among," "behind," and productive in English on the Greek model: metacarpus; metagenesis; metalinguistics.26
233634968metallurgythe technique or science of working or heating metals so as to give them certain desired shapes or properties.27
233634969metropole/metropolitanof or pertaining to a large city, its surrounding suburbs, and other neighboring communities: the New York metropolitan area.28
233634970middle classa class of people intermediate between the classes of higher and lower social rank or standing; the social, economic, cultural class, having approximately average status, income, education, tastes, and the like.29
233634971migrationthe process or act of migrating. to go from one country, region, or place to another.30
233634972militarismthe principle or policy of maintaining a large military establishment.31
233634973minister (of)a person appointed by or under the authority of a sovereign or head of a government to some high office of state, especially to that of head of an administrative department: the minister of finance.32
233634974modernitythe quality of being modern. characteristic of present and recent time; contemporary; not antiquated or obsolete: modern viewpoints.33
233634975monarchysupreme power or sovereignty held by a single person.34
233634976monastery/monastica house or place of residence occupied by a community of persons, especially monks, living in seclusion under religious vows.35
233634977monetaryof or pertaining to the coinage or currency of a country.36
233634978mono-a combining form meaning "alone," "single," "one" (monogamy); specialized in some scientific terms to denote a monomolecular thickness (monolayer) and adapted in chemistry to apply to compounds containing one atom of a particular element (monohydrate).37
233634979monogamymarriage with only one person at a time. Compare bigamy, polygamy.38
233634980monopolyexclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices.39
233634981monsoon(in India and nearby lands) the season during which the southwest monsoon blows, commonly marked by heavy rains; rainy season.40
233634982mortailitythe state or condition of being subject to death; mortal character, nature, or existence.41
233634983nationa large body of people, associated with a particular territory, that is sufficiently conscious of its unity to seek or to possess a government peculiarly its own:42
233634984nation-statea sovereign state inhabited by a relatively homogeneous group of people who share a feeling of common nationality.43
233634985nationalismdevotion and loyalty to one's own nation; patriotism.44
233634986neo-a combining form meaning "new," "recent," "revived," "modified," used in the formation of compound words: neo-Darwinism; Neolithic; neoorthodoxy; neophyte.45
233634987NGOsAn abbreviation for privately run, nongovernment organizations that strive for world betterment. They have frequent contact with various governments and often attempt to influence policy. Amnesty International and Greenpeace are examples of NGOs.46
233634988nobility/noblethe noble class or the body of nobles in a country. of, belonging to, or constituting a hereditary class that has special social or political status in a country or state; of or pertaining to the aristocracy.47
233634989nomad/nomadica member of a people or tribe that has no permanent abode but moves about from place to place, usually seasonally and often following a traditional route or circuit according to the state of the pasturage or food supply.48
233634990nuna woman member of a religious order, especially one bound by vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.49
233634991optimisma disposition or tendency to look on the more favorable side of events or conditions and to expect the most favorable outcome.50
233634992oraclea person who delivers authoritative, wise, or highly regarded and influential pronouncements.51
233634993oraluttered by the mouth; spoken: oral testimony.52
233634994orthodoxof, pertaining to, or conforming to the approved form of any doctrine, philosophy, ideology, etc.53
233634995pacifismopposition to war or violence of any kind.54
233634996pagana person who is not a Christian, Jew, or Muslim.55
233634997paleo-a combining form meaning "old" or "ancient," especially in reference to former geologic time periods, used in the formation of compound words: paleobotany.56
233634998pan-a combining form meaning "all," occurring originally in loanwords from Greek (panacea; panoply), but now used freely as a general formative (panleukopenia; panorama; pantelegraph; pantheism; pantonality), and especially in terms, formed at will, implying the union of all branches of a group (Pan-Christian; Panhellenic; Pan-Slavism).57
233634999papal/papacyof or pertaining to the pope or the papacy: a papal visit to Canada.58
233635000pastoralpertaining to the country or to life in the country; rural; rustic.59
233635001paternalcharacteristic of or befitting a father; fatherly: a kind and paternal reprimand.60
233635002patriarcha person regarded as the father or founder of an order, class, etc.61
233635003patriarchya form of social organization in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan, or tribe and descent is reckoned in the male line, with the children belonging to the father's clan or tribe.62
233635004patriciana person of noble or high rank; aristocrat.63
233635005peasanta coarse, unsophisticated, boorish, uneducated person of little financial means.64
233635006peonagethe practice of holding persons in servitude or partial slavery, as to work off a debt or to serve a penal sentence.65
233635007perioda round of time or series of years by which time is measured.66
233635008perspectivethe state of one's ideas, the facts known to one, etc., in having a meaningful interrelationship: You have to live here a few years to see local conditions in perspective.67
233635009pessimismthe tendency to see, anticipate, or emphasize only bad or undesirable outcomes, results, conditions, problems, etc.:68
233635010pilgrima newcomer to a region or place, especially to the western U.S.69
233635011pilgrimagea journey, especially a long one, made to some sacred place as an act of religious devotion:70
233635012plaguean epidemic disease that causes high mortality; pestilence.71
233635013point of viewan opinion, attitude, or judgment: He refuses to change his point of view in the matter.72
233635014political/politicsthe science or art of political government.73
233635015poly-a combining form with the meanings "much, many" and, in chemistry, "polymeric," used in the formation of compound words: polyandrous; polyculture; polyethylene.74
233635016polygamythe practice or condition of having more than one spouse, especially wife, at one time. Compare bigamy (def. 1), monogamy (def. 1).75
233635017post-a prefix, meaning "behind," "after," "later," "subsequent to," "posterior to,"76
233635018pragmatism/pragmatica philosophical movement or system having various forms, but generally stressing practical consequences as constituting the essential criterion in determining meaning, truth, or value.77
233635019priesta person whose office it is to perform religious rites, and especially to make sacrificial offerings.78
233635020primaryfirst in order in any series, sequence, etc.79
233635021principalfirst or highest in rank, importance, value, etc.; chief; foremost.80
233635022principlea fundamental, primary, or general law or truth from which others are derived: the principles of modern physics.81
233635023proletariatthe class of wage earners, especially those who earn their living by manual labor or who are dependent for support on daily or casual employment; the working class.82
233635024propagandainformation, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.83
233635025protectoratethe relation of a strong state toward a weaker state or territory that it protects and partly controls.84
233635026proto-a combining form meaning "first," "foremost," "earliest form of," used in the formation of compound words85
233635027provincea country, territory, district, or region.86
233635028provincialof or pertaining to the provinces: provincial customs; provincial dress.87
233635029push-pull factorsThe push factor involves a force which acts to drive people away from a place and the pull factor is what draws them to a new location.88
233635030psycho-a combining form representing psyche (psychological) and psychological (psychoanalysis) in compound words.89

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