Terms : Hide Images
| 11808960157 | Jesus Sutras | The product of Nestorian Christians living in China, these sutras articulate the Christian message using Buddhist and Daoist concepts. | 0 | |
| 11808960158 | Crusades | Modern term meaning "ventures of the cross," used to describe the "holy wars" waged by Western Christendom from 1095 until the end of the Middle Ages and beyond; Crusades could only be declared by the pope and were marked by participants swearing a vow and receiving an indulgence in return. | 1 | |
| 11808960166 | Western Christendom | West European branch of Christianity, and Split in 1054 C.E. from Eastern Orthodox on account of differences in church leadership, languages, religious images and the filioque. | 2 | |
| 11808960159 | Byzantine Empire | Term used by modern historians to refer to the surviving eastern Roman Empire during the medieval centuries; named after the ancient Greek city Byzantium, on the site of which the Roman emperor Constantine founded a new capital, Constantinople, in 330 C.E. | 3 | |
| 11808960160 | Constantinople | New capital for the eastern half of the Roman Empire, established by Emperor Constantine in 330 C.E. on the site of the ancient Greek city of Byzantium; Constantinople's highly defensible and economically important site helped assure the city's cultural and strategic importance for many centuries. | 4 | |
| 11808960167 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor (r. 527-565 c.e.), noted for his short-lived reconquest of much of the former western Roman Empire and for his codification of Roman law | 5 | |
| 11808960161 | Caesoropapism | A political-religious system in which the secular ruler is also head of the religious establishment, as in the Byzantine Empire | 6 | |
| 11808960168 | Eastern Orthodox Church | Branch of Christianity that developed in the eastern part of the Roman Empire and gradually separated, mostly on matters of practice, from the branch of Christianity dominant in Western Europe; noted for the subordination of the Church to political authorities, a married clergy, the use of leavened bread in the Eucharist, and insistence on church councils as the ultimate authority in Christianity belief and practice | 7 | |
| 11808960169 | Icons | Holy images ventered in the Eastern Orthodox Church | 8 | |
| 11808960162 | Kievan Rus | State that emerged around the city of Kiev in the ninth century C.E.; a culturally diverse region that included Vikings as well as Finnic and Baltic peoples. The conversion of Vladimir, the grand prince of Kiev, to Orthodox Christianity in 988 had long-term implications for Russia. | 9 | |
| 11808960163 | Prince Vladimir of Kiev | Grand prince of Kiev (r. 978-1015 C.E.) whose conversion to Orthodox Christianity led to the incorporation of Russia into the sphere of Eastern Orthodoxy. | 10 | |
| 11808960164 | Charlemagne | Ruler of the Carolingian Empire (r. 768-814) who staged an imperial revival in Western Europe. | 11 | |
| 11808960165 | Holy Roman Empire | Term invented in the twelfth century to describe the Germany-based empire founded by Otto I in 962 C.E. | 12 | |
| 11808960170 | Roman Catholic Church | Western European branch of Christianity that gradually defined itself as separate from Eastern Orthodoxy, with a major break in 1054 C.E.; "Roman Catholic" was not commonly used until after the Protestant Reformation, but the term is just because, by the eleventh century, Western Christendom defined itself in centralized terms, with the bishop of Rome (the pope) as the ultimate authority in matters of doctrine. | 13 |
