Ch. 1, 11
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| 8301681386 | Venus figurines | Evidence of religious thought in the Paleolithic Era, small, votive figures that emphasize the reproductive capabilities of women, may have been exchanged by neighboring groups. Venus of Willendorf. | 0 | |
| 8301681387 | Dreamtime | An elaborate, complex outlook on the world that comes from the Aboriginal peoples of Australia, creation and the beginning of the world expressed through stories, ceremonies, and art. | 1 | |
| 8301681388 | Clovis Culture | Culture that first emerged in modern New Mexico around 13,000 years ago and spread across most of North America, the Clovis point (a projectile point, possibly the tip of a spear) spread widely, suggesting a regional pattern of cultural diffusion. | 2 | |
| 8301681389 | Megafaunal extinction | An event in which certain animals and plants disappear, mainly due to changing climate, such as the end of an Ice Age, or due to overhunting. | 3 | |
| 8301681390 | Austronesian migrations | The movement of people across Indonesia to Australia, probably occurred around 60,000 years ago through the use of boat technology. | 4 | |
| 8301681391 | "The original affluent society" | Describes Paleolithic hunter-gatherers who worked fewer hours to meet their material needs than settled agricultural societies, thereby having more leisure time. | 5 | |
| 8301681392 | Shamans | Part-time religious specialists, or priests who are believed to be especially skilled at dealing with the spirit world. | 6 | |
| 8301681393 | Trance | An altered state of consciousness that a shaman enters into, sometimes with the aid of psychoactive drugs, in order to commune with the spirit world. | 7 | |
| 8301681394 | Paleolithic settling down | Under improved conditions following the last Ice Age, humans began to settle and live in permanent dwellings, with settlement, households could store and accumulate more material possessions, the equality of the hunter-gatherers began to break down. | 8 | |
| 8301681395 | Gobekli Tepe | Most likely a religious or ceremonial site, little evidence of long-term human habitation, found in southeastern Turkey, consists of about 200 limestone pillars, product of pre-agricultural peoples. | 9 | |
| 8301681396 | Fertile Crescent | Located in Southwest Asia (Middle East), first area of farming on a large scale (known as the Agricultural Revolution), people began to settle near resources and conditions favorable for farming, like water sources. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. | 10 | |
| 8301681397 | Teosinte | The ancestor of modern corn, a mountain grass native to Mexico. | 11 | |
| 8301681398 | Diffusion | The gradual spread of ideas, technology, culture; agricultural techniques spread through diffusion, this movement occurs when groups of people migrate for a number of reasons. | 12 | |
| 8301681399 | Bantu Migrations | Moved south and east from modern-day Nigeria and Cameroon around 3000 BCE, they took their agricultural techniques, cattle-raising skills, and metalworking technology with them along with their language and beliefs. | 13 | |
| 8301681400 | Ishi | Meaning "person" the name given to a hunter-gatherer of the Yahi who was discovered by California cattlemen and studied by the University of California until his death in 1916, the last of his hunter-gatherer people. | 14 | |
| 8301681401 | Banpo | Early agricultural settlement in northern China, one of the original independent sources of agriculture and domestication, millet, pigs, and dogs had been domesticated here. | 15 | |
| 8301681402 | "Secondary Products Revolution" | A further set of technological changes beyond agriculture, involving new uses for domesticating animals; milking, harvesting wool, and using their waste for fertilizers, also learning to ride and use animals to carry burdens. | 16 | |
| 8301681403 | Pastoral Societies | Fill in | 17 | |
| 8854831341 | Pastoralism | A strategy for food production involving the domestication of animals. Had to be nomadic and not a farmer or settler. Ex: Mongols | 18 | |
| 8854831342 | Modun | Great ruler of the Xiongnu Empire that led an effective revolution in pastoral life. | 19 | |
| 8854831343 | Xiongnu | Powerful group of Mongols that was able to collect tribute from China and other groups in return for not attacking them. | 20 | |
| 8854831344 | Turks | Pastoral origins, many separarte groups/tribes, language and culture spread to inner Eurasia, people converted to Islam. | 21 | |
| 8851961510 | Pastoralism | A strategy for food production involving the domestication of animals. Had to be nomadic and not a farmer or settler. Ex: Mongols | 22 | |
| 8851961511 | Modun | Great ruler of the Xiongnu Empire that led an effective revolution in pastoral life. | 23 | |
| 8851961512 | Xiongnu | Powerful group of Mongols that was able to collect tribute from China and other groups in return for not attacking them. | 24 | |
| 8851961513 | Turks | Pastoral origins, many separarte groups/tribes, language and culture spread to inner Eurasia, people converted to Islam. | 25 | |
| 9462609471 | Cortés | Spanish conquistador, gathered Central American allies to fight the Aztecs ,who the other groups hated. Began the Spanish Mesoamerican Empire | 26 | |
| 9462609472 | Doña Marina | Daughter of an elite family before her stepdad and mom sold her into slavery. Became a translator and strategist to Cortés. Later saw mom and half brother and forgave them. | 27 | |
| 9462609473 | The Great Dying | Many Native Americans died, Europeans brought the diseases (smallpox, measles, malaria, etc.). Europeans saw it as a blessing from God because it wiped out their enemies. | 28 | |
| 9462609474 | Little Ice Age and General Crisis | Same time as the Great Dying, time of colder temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere, caused odd weather and bad farming. | 29 | |
| 9462609475 | Columbian Exchange | Trade from Europe to Americas, Africa and the Caribbean. Moved slaves, plants, animals and diseases to new areas. Brought new information to Europe. | 30 | |
| 9462609476 | Peninsulares | Spaniards born in Spain, top class in Latin American sociedad de castas. Eventually very few were in Central America as less people were voyaging from Spain to Central America. | 31 | |
| 9462609477 | Mestizo | Mixed race, Class for a Spanish man and Indian woman's child. Third class in sociedad de castas. | 32 | |
| 9462609478 | Mulattoes | 1 Portuguese and 1 African parent, 4th class in Sociedad de Castas, mainly in Brazil. | 33 | |
| 9462609479 | Plantation Complex | Based on African slaves, from Caribbean/Brazil to North America. Grew tobacco, cotton, rice and indigo. | 34 | |
| 9462609480 | Settler colonies | British colonies in America wanted religious freedom and separation from the controlling England unlike Latin America's colonies who operated separately from their empires. | 35 | |
| 9462609481 | Siberia | Where hunter gatherer people lived, had many fur animals for the fur trade. Captured by Russian Empire. | 36 | |
| 9462609482 | Yasak | A tribute paid to the Russian Empire, could be in money, furs, etc. | 37 | |
| 9462609483 | Qing Dynasty Empire | Ruled by foreign Manchurians, didn't allow Manchurians to marry Chinese people, followed Confucian teaching, conquered some nomadic groups( like Mongols). | 38 | |
| 9462609484 | Mughal Empire | Muslim Empire (Sunni), most of the population was Hindu, led by the tolerant ruler Akbar and then the non-tolerant Aurangzeb. | 39 | |
| 9462609485 | Akbar | Mughal emperor, more tolerant, created a mixed religion of Hinduism and Islam called Sikhism, gave women more freedom, didn't push conversion to Islam. | 40 | |
| 9462609486 | Aurangzeb | Less tolerant than Akbar, enforced more Islam, stopped most Hindu culture, empire fell after him. | 41 | |
| 9462609487 | Ottoman Empire | Muslim Empire ruled by a Sunni emperor, located in India, mostly Hindu, fell to the British in the 18th century, pushed for Muslim supremacy. | 42 | |
| 9462609488 | Constantinople | Capital of the Byzantine Empire, Officially adopted Christianity as the state religion, fell to the Turks in 1453. | 43 | |
| 9462609489 | Devshirme | Taking of boys from Christian families to serve in state duties (guards/admin.), abandoned by mid 17th century, based on taking prisoners of war as slave soldiers. | 44 | |
| 9462609490 | North American Revolution | The American Revolution started due to unfair taxing by the British with no representation and the sudden loss of autonomy over their own lives. Fought in the U.S. No social internal issues/ fighting. | 45 | |
| 9462609491 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | A paper written before the French Revolution that said " men are born and remain free and equal in rights". Written by the National Assembly (3rd Estate) and launched French Revolution. | 46 | |
| 9462609492 | French Revolution | Revolution in France begun over social tensions that were very violent and ended up overthrowing the monarchy to establish a republic affected by the Enlightenment. Led to France becoming a 'new' country. No big effects on women's right. | 47 | |
| 9462609493 | Napoleon Bonaparte | A successful general who seized France and is said to have 'tamed' the French Revolution. Kept emphasis on equality, but not on liberty. Took over a lot of Europe around France. | 48 | |
| 9462609494 | Haitian Revolution | Influenced by French Revolution, only successful slave revolt ever. Very violent, destructive, soon threw Haiti into poverty, inspired temporary slavery expansion(due to an opening for others to replace Haiti as major crop exporter) and attempted slave revolts. | 49 | |
| 9462609495 | Spanish American Revolutions | Occurred later and took longer than the American Revolution, more social issues, had internal conflicts and many different cultures that made unification near impossible. | 50 | |
| 9462609496 | Abolitionist movement | Strengthened by Enlightenment, early abolitionists were mostly Quakers, helped by new industrial economic progress that didn't require slaves. Most countries freed slaves and banned slavery in the 1800's, freed slaves often struggled in their new lives due to unequal treatment. | 51 | |
| 9462609497 | Decembrists | 52 |
