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| 8214051215 | Agricultural Revolution | occurred between the Paleolithic and Neolithic era; " origins of civilizations" and technology and society experienced advancements | 0 | |
| 8214051216 | Egalitarianism | the principle that states that all people are equal and deserving of equal treatment- experienced soley in the first wave civilizations- a form of society ended by patriarchy | 1 | |
| 8214051217 | Shamans | "medium" that sees between the visible/material world and the spirit world- practiced magic/sorcery for neutral or good purposes (Paleolithic- part time jobs) first ideas of a religion/spiritually | 2 | |
| 8214051218 | Great Goddess | Mother Earth, Gaia, Goddess; like neo-paganism moon phases, birth, menstruation, pregnancy, new birth, death (female religious figure in the paleolithic era) | 3 | |
| 8214051219 | Venus figurines | figurine representation of belief in female divinity- worshipped by people in paleolithic era (represented Great Goddess) | 4 | |
| 8214051221 | Code of Hammurabi | babylonian legal code that instated fair punishment to the public- shows change from fair government in distant past to newer times | 5 | |
| 8214051222 | Cuneiform | world's first written language invented by the Sumerians (Middle East)- shows the developing culture of the past, and the new demands incurred in order to manage society and civilizations | 6 | |
| 8214051223 | Mandate of Heaven | Chinese justification for rule that represented a connection between culture and state-building, a continuity for China for most eras | 7 | |
| 8214051226 | Roman republic | Roman form of government that allowed the people to choose their representatives | 8 | |
| 8214051227 | Roman senate | Wealthy citizens who advised officials- offered chance for the wealthy patrician class to create laws in order to benefit them rather than the plebians- hierarchy effect | 9 | |
| 8214051228 | Octavian | Julius Caesar's nephew and heir, also known by "Augustus" His name before he became an emperor | 10 | |
| 8214051229 | Julius Caesar | Conquered Gaul; commander, director, and as killed by senators- helped to bring Rome to some of it's glory- he was a VERY good military leader | 11 | |
| 8214051230 | Paterfamilias | Head of household, used to have full full control over life/death in family- patriarchal values | 12 | |
| 8214051231 | Augustus | First roman "emperor" brought Rome out of of Republic; kept forms, humble, and triggered Pax Romana- good leader and united Rome | 13 | |
| 8214051232 | Pax romana | The peace that existed between nationalities in Rome (27 BCE-180 CE) showed the peace that the differences in cultures can manage | 14 | |
| 8214051233 | Qin Shihuangdi | First Chinese empirer who used Legalism when ruling and reunified China after Zhou; started Qin Dynasty | 15 | |
| 8214051234 | Han Wudi | Han dynasty emporer who started academy of training officers with Confucius teachings; started the knowledge over wealth movement | 16 | |
| 8214051235 | Filial piety | Respect for one's parents in China- shaping factor to China's culture | 17 | |
| 8214051236 | Dao | Way of nature and principle that governs all natural phenomena | 18 | |
| 8214051237 | Vedas and Upanishads | Sacred Hindu texts; Vedas: Brahmin priests compiled and told of old societies, Upandishads: philosophical texts compiled by anonymous thinkers | 19 | |
| 8214051238 | Hindu doctrine | The set of beliefs held by the Hindu religion; numerous beliefs | 20 | |
| 8214051239 | Buddhist doctrine | The main teaching of the Buddha; numerous teachings | 21 | |
| 8214051240 | Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism | Theravada: Closer to South East Asian and closer to the original Indian form of Buddhism. Mahayana: umbrella for many schools, focused on intuition, majority as is was adapted | 22 | |
| 8214051241 | Ashoka | Born to Mauryan empire and founded the Maurya dynasty- he was a really good military leader and helped to spread Buddhism. Was religiously tolerant. | 23 | |
| 8214051242 | Scholar-gentry | Civilian uprising in China that rebelled against inequality of poverty/wealthy. Authority challenged | 24 | |
| 8214051243 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | Civilian uprising in China that rebelled against inequality of poverty/wealthy. Authority challenged | 25 | |
| 8214051244 | Varnas and Jatis | Social castes in India that were determined by birth and supported by karma and dharma; Jati: subcaste with occupation stated; Varna: main caste with tiered levels stating level of divine power | 26 | |
| 8214051245 | Latifundia | large land estate worked by slaves in Ancient Rome, Spain, and Latin America- organized agriculture | 27 | |
| 8214051246 | Spartacus | escaped slave (gladiator) who led a rebellion against the Roman Republic-showed internal turmoil of the empire. | 28 | |
| 8214051247 | Patricians and Plebeians | Wealthy vs poor and showed the inequality between the two social classes | 29 | |
| 8214051248 | Coptic Christianity | Egyptian Christianity that exists in a Muslim majority- The great schism relation | 30 | |
| 8214051249 | Xiongnu | Confederation of nomadic people in Han dynasty; outside pressuring force to the dynasty government- helped to trigger the fall of dynasties in China as an external force | 31 | |
| 8214051250 | Silk Roads | Trade routes across Eurasia that facilitated the trade of goods, knowledge, and culture- served to connect the world of Afroeurasia. | 32 | |
| 8214051251 | Roman Empire | ancient Roman civilization following the Roman Republic- was the most influential Western civilization at its time. Eventually fell due to external forces and internal turmoil. | 33 | |
| 8214051252 | Buddhism | Religion originating in India, starting with the Buddha, who reached a state of enlightenment, and then it therefore spread as a practice first, then later as a religion. First not to exist as a way to worship an individual person, god, or idea-but as a way of life | 34 | |
| 8214051253 | Dunhuang | Chinese city near that worked on the Silk road and held Buddhist beliefs. Helped to control trade with China. | 35 | |
| 8214051254 | Monsoons | Natural marine phenomena that was used to travel on the sea in order to trade | 36 | |
| 8214051255 | Neo Confucianism | Revitalized Confucianism in the Tang Dynasty that stablilized power once again | 37 | |
| 8214051256 | Censorate | supervising agency in China that managed the emperor's power. First instated during Qin dynasty, then later in the Yuan dynasty. Important because it was a centralized goverment. | 38 | |
| 8214051257 | Tribute system | Chinese system in the Tang Dynasty that placed China "above" its surrounding civilizations through the use of agreements and offering of goods- functioned to make China appear as a bigger force than it actually was | 39 | |
| 8214051258 | Foot binding | First seen in the Tang Dynasty and was used to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller and more "beautiful" left women hurt and was a way to physically enforce patriarchy | 40 | |
| 8214051259 | Champa rice | Drought tolerant type of rice originated in Vietnam and spread to China through trade; helped both trade and to grow the population | 41 | |
| 8214051260 | Kowtow | form of bowing in Chinese custom-used to show deep respect for another. | 42 | |
| 8214051261 | Silla | Korean Dynasty that worked with Tang Dynasty, took ideas from China and started the idea of just "borrowing" | 43 | |
| 8214051262 | Shinto/kami | Sacred spirits associated with ancestors and natural phenomena (Japan) was supported by the imperial family- important cultural aspect | 44 | |
| 8214051263 | Hangul/ chu Nom | Phoentic alphabet for writing the Korean language- Vietnamese variation on Chinese writing | 45 | |
| 8214051264 | The Tale of Genji | Written by Murasaki Shikibu and was about the intrigues and romances of court life- revealed some of the issues with aristocracy | 46 | |
| 8214051265 | Pillars of Islam | 5 basic acts of Islam and the foundation for Muslim life; Faith, Prayer, Fasting, Almsgiving, and Pilgrimmage | 47 | |
| 8214051266 | Jihad | Personal effort/struggle in devotion to Islam (internal force) and holy war (external) | 48 | |
| 8214051267 | Sharia | Law governing Islamic faith (religious from Quran- path to life is water) | 49 | |
| 8214051268 | Battle of Talas River | 1751; fight between Tang China and Abassid Arabs that fixed boundary issue between the two | 50 | |
| 8214051269 | Dhimmi | Non-Islamic person living in the Muslim ruled area- kept religion and were protected (they had to pay jizya) | 51 | |
| 8214051270 | Sunni vs. Shia | Sunni-followers of Abu Bakr;tribe of prophet;traditional: Shia-God picks representative(Ali); temporary marriage available; fought with each other for control and dominance | 52 | |
| 8214051271 | Umayyad Caliphate | 1st Muslim dynasty after prophet Muhammad died (after other 4 caliphate died/lost power) instated a new capital, military aristocracy, and non-Arab Muslims were 2nd class citizens | 53 | |
| 8214051272 | Abbasid Caliphate | 2nd Muslim Caliphate (Sunni) they were overthrown in 750- abassids ruled, capital in Baghdad, and fractured into sutanes | 54 | |
| 8214051273 | Quran and Hadith | Words of God to prophet:words of prophet (extra info) interpretation of sayings; allowed varying methods of worship within the Islamic religion | 55 | |
| 8214051274 | Guru Nanak | Founder of Sikhism | 56 | |
| 8214051275 | Ibn Battuta | Moroccan scholar who traveled (sometimes to Africa) and wrote about his experiences | 57 | |
| 8214051276 | Timbuktu | Regional trade center in West African Mali; helped the gold and silver trade that was mainly exported from Africa, therefore new goods and cultural contact were recieved | 58 | |
| 8214051277 | Ulama and Madrassas | Ulama: international elite who educated and opened the Madrassas: schools; religious/secular schools that educated more of the population | 59 | |
| 8214051278 | Sufi popularity | Teachings spread and sought more divine connection; another varying viewpoint of the practicing of Islam | 60 | |
| 8214051279 | House of Wisdom | Places in Baghdad where scholars met, discussed, and created; where some of the most influential technology was developed- helped trigger Greek rational thoughts after texts were translated | 61 | |
| 8214051280 | Constantinople | Capital of Byzantine empire and then Ottoman; center for Eastern Orthodox Church- trade and money: really wealthy and tried to recreate Rome | 62 | |
| 8214051281 | The Great Schism | Divide between Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic, 1054; both Popes exiled each other and this created a large cultural division between the religions for a very long time | 63 | |
| 8214051282 | Caeseropapism | Relationship between state and church- emperor had COMPLETE control over the church and the state; allowed religion to govern the morals of law and gave the church more power than necessary, which led to immoral happenings | 64 | |
| 8214051283 | Kievan Rus | State in Byzantine area that traded and was important in the expansion of Orthodox Christianity | 65 | |
| 8214051284 | Roman Catholicism | Christianity based religion of a part of the Roman empire and of western europe. Roman Catholic Church- hierarchy valued and remained mostly independent from the state | 66 | |
| 8214051285 | Pastoralism | The branch of agriculture concerned with livestock | 67 | |
| 8214051286 | Karakorum | Capital of Mongol empire between 1235-1260 and helped trade along the Silk Road; connected Mongol goods to the wider public | 68 | |
| 8214051287 | Yuan dynasty | Established by Mongol Khubilai Khan 1271 (China); Nomadic pastoralist led dynasty of the Mongols- allowed a pastoralist society to take control of a civilization and showed their power | 69 | |
| 8214051288 | Khubilai Khan | 5th Khagan of Mongol Empire ruled 1260-1294-Yuan | 70 | |
| 8214051289 | Golden Horde | Mongol-Turkicized Khanate in 13th century North-West Mongol Europe | 71 | |
| 8214051290 | Pax Mongolica | describes the relatively peaceful era of Mongol conquests where the cultural and social toils put on captured areas were diminished | 72 | |
| 8214051291 | Black Death | The Plague-spread from China to Europe and other areas with disastrous consequences in Europe that resulted in a lot of death and sickness | 73 | |
| 8214051292 | Marco Polo | Venetian merchant traveler who described the wealth and size of China and other areas | 74 | |
| 8214051293 | Zheng He | Court eunuch who was physically large and traveled to being all of Afroeurasian history together | 75 | |
| 8214051294 | Yongle | 3rd emperor of Ming dynasty and restored China to former glory after the Mongol's destruction. Reestablished irrigation and agriculture, confucian teaching, tribute system, and a centralized government | 76 | |
| 8214051295 | Malacca | Small town on the coast in Malaysia, trading post and fort. Used by Zheng He to defend China. Later colonized and the British East India Company used it to spread influence. Allowed trade and functioned as a puppet state. | 77 | |
| 8214051296 | Mexica | Aztec culture in the post-classical era | 78 | |
| 8214051297 | Tenochtitlan | large Mexica city-state with floating islands- later conquered by Hernan Cortes, but existed as a major residential area | 79 | |
| 8214051298 | Triple Alliance | alliance between Nahua (altepetl) states; Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan | 80 | |
| 8214051299 | Chinampas - "Floating gardens" | Aztec agriculture method that involved the use of man made islands to grow more crops to feed a civilization; showed the high-level technology that allowed for a more efficient society | 81 | |
| 8214051300 | Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who led an expedition to destroy the Aztec empire. He won Mexico for Spain; triggered the end of the Aztec empire | 82 | |
| 8214051301 | Huitzilopochtli | God of the sun/war- supported the idea that warriors killed in battle returned as hummingbirds | 83 | |
| 8214051302 | Quecha | language used primarily in the Incan empire-Incan culture | 84 | |
| 8214051303 | Gender parallelism | Incan social belief that divided the jobs between men and women equally(complimentary job enforcement0- doesn't necessarily mean egalitarian | 85 | |
| 8214051304 | Sikhism | religion created by blending Hinduism and Islam; created by Guru Nanak | 86 | |
| 8214051305 | Jizya | tax paid by non-Muslims in Islam-controlled areas; represents hierarchy of the time and some of the physical/social limitations placed on people because of prejudice | 87 | |
| 8214051306 | Mercantilism | national policy created to maximize trade; mostly to earn gold/silver. Used in Europe. | 88 | |
| 8214051307 | Encomienda and repartimiento | Encomienda: labor from natives to Spanish in exchange for "protection" and instruction in Christianity. Repartimiento: allowed colonists to recruit native help/labor. Both terms worked together | 89 | |
| 8214051308 | Hacienda system | large land estates (plantation-like) with workers (mostly natives); shows suffocating control of the Spaniards and how they took advantage of conquered peoples and areas | 90 | |
| 8214051309 | Peninsulares, creoles, and mestizos | Peninsulares: Spaniards born in Spain. Creoles: Spaniards born in the Americas. Mestizos: mixed-race population | 91 | |
| 8214051310 | Castas | divisions of mixed race people depending on heritage and skin color; prejudice and racism | 92 | |
| 8214051311 | Catherine the Great | Europeanized under her rule; opened her thoughts to make Russia better, she also operated slightly against the church, making sure it did not gain too much power. | 93 | |
| 8214051312 | Peter the Great | Europeanized Russia as well as strengthening the military control. Operated to maintain control over the church. | 94 | |
| 8214051313 | Qing dynasty - Manchu rule | last Chinese dynasty, was ruled by nomadic pastorals. Reached areas like Mongolia, Tibet, and Xinjiang during their expansion. Multi-cultural empire | 95 | |
| 8214051314 | Akbar | reforms to create religious tolerance-cosmopolitan-stopped jizya; good SOCIAL and CULTURAL stage of India | 96 | |
| 8214051315 | Aurangzeb | religiously intolerant-banned fun things-stressed Islam in a Hindu majority-reinstated jizya; good STATE-BUILDING stage of India | 97 | |
| 8214051316 | Devshirme | young christian boys forced to train and enter the army- Ottoman empire; control of the empire over cultures and cross-cultural conflict | 98 | |
| 8214051317 | Trading Post Empire | empires created in order to control trade routes- first created by the Portuguese in the Early Modern Era; widespread significance of trade to the economies of areas | 99 | |
| 8214051318 | Cartaz | naval trade license issued by the Portuguese in order to control trade- occurred during the time where the Portuguese empire existed and paralleled the British trade policies | 100 | |
| 8214051319 | British East India Company (EIC) and Dutch East India Company (VOC) | EIC: private company with trade monopoly with the East Indes, resulting in some control over India. VOC: trading company in Dutch republic that protected trade in the Indian Ocean and helped free the Netherlands from Spain. | 101 | |
| 8214051320 | Tokugawa Shogunate | Japanese Empire with a military-based government, hierarchy, and European/Dutch learning; very driven era of Japan's history where the country was united | 102 | |
| 8214051321 | Manila | capital of the Philippines and important trade center between Asia and the Americas; under Spanish control during the Early Modern Era. | 103 | |
| 8214051322 | Potosi | mining town located in Mexico that provided a large sum of silver for the global silver trade. | 104 | |
| 8214051323 | Martin Luther | German professor who rebelled against Roman Catholic Church, posted the 95 Theses, and started the Protestant reformation. | 105 | |
| 8214051324 | Society of Jesus | Scholar-religious congregation of the Catholic Church formed in the Early Modern Era in Spain. Focused on spreading knowledge rather than faith. | 106 | |
| 8214051325 | Taki Onqoy movement | religious revival of local/native gods and religions in the Andes and worked against Spanish colonization | 107 | |
| 8214051326 | Virgin of Guadalupe | combined mesoamerican and spanish notions of divine motherhood- proof of the blending of Christianity and hybridity | 108 | |
| 8214051327 | Vodun | West African mystical religion that celebrated spirits of the dead and nature; cultural significance of mystical religions | 109 | |
| 8214051328 | Matteo Ricci | Italian Jesuit priest that relayed European exploration to East Asia. Spread Christianity to East Asia. | 110 | |
| 8214051329 | Shinto | ethnic religion of Japan that involved ritual to connect present and past- representative of the strength of Japanese culture | 111 | |
| 8214051330 | Shogun | military governor of Japan with real political power, mostly during the Early Modern Era; represents the figurehead idea of the emperors | 112 | |
| 8214051331 | Samurai | military nobility in early Japan, however they lost their stature in the Tokugawa Shogunate; shows the power and nobility associated with being in the military in Japan | 113 | |
| 8214051332 | Daimyo | powerful landholding lords in the Tokugawa Shogunate. Operated second hand to the Shogun and functioned to control land. | 114 | |
| 8214051333 | Native and Dutch learning | spread of technology, religion, and culture to Japan by the Dutch and Jesuits; cross-cultural interactions and spread of knowledge | 115 | |
| 8214051334 | Little Ice Age | 1645-1715 where there was low solar activity, and therefore was much colder-which made people rethink farming and relocate. | 116 | |
| 8214051335 | Bhakti movement | spiritual devotional trend in old Hinduism and later in Sikhism | 117 | |
| 8214051336 | The Enlightenment | intellectual and philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that helped bring technological advancements, and thus make Europe significant in intellectual circles. | 118 | |
| 8214051337 | Hybridity | cross between cultures and other things, an example of this includes the Virgin of Guadaloupe | 119 | |
| 8214051338 | Syncretism | blending of two or more things to create a new thing, such as Sikhism, which is a cross between Hinduism and Islam | 120 | |
| 8214051339 | Diaspora | The dispersion of a Jewish population beyond Israel, which caused the religion to spread | 121 | |
| 9360040533 | Popular Sovereignty | The notion that people decide and control the government rather than God. This inspired and fueled the Atlantic revolutions. Big idea for American Revolution. | 122 | |
| 9360040534 | John Locke | English man who supported popular sovereignty by defending the social contract between ruler and ruled should last as long as it serves the people well- liberal philosopher for enlightenment. | 123 | |
| 9360041301 | Social Contract | Philosophical theory that question societies Origins and complete authority of State over people. Sparks debate and fueled revolutions. | 124 | |
| 9360041302 | Ideas of the Enlightenment | Popular sovereignty, natural rights, and the consent of the governed; you served as a code for the Atlantic revolutions as these liberal and Progressive thoughts were pushed. Very modern Outlook - modern social/ politics | 125 | |
| 9360043170 | Declaration of Independence | Written in 1776 and helped launch the American Revolution - space the freedoms of the people and symbol of new nation. Serves to claim Enlightenment ideas. | 126 | |
| 9360043171 | Creoles | Native-born elites of the Spanish colonies led the Spanish American revolutions with enlightenment ideas in order to claim their power and stake ground. Mostly scattered protests. | 127 | |
| 9360045289 | Miguel Hidalgo and José Morelos | Two Mexican priest who led a peasant Revolt because of tax, food prices, and land. This movement was eventually crushed by Creole landowners. Shows the struggle. | 128 | |
| 9360046444 | Simón Bolivar | Creole independence fighter who encouraged minorities and ethnic groups with Enlightenment ideas. A hero to the people. | 129 | |
| 9360047987 | Eurocentrism | 130 | ||
| 9360047988 | Agency | 131 | ||
| 9360047997 | Rebellion | 132 | ||
| 9360048807 | Imperialism | 133 | ||
| 9360048808 | Industrialization | 134 | ||
| 9360052886 | Atlantic Revolutions | American Revolution, Latin American Revolution, French Revolution, and Haitian revolution. | 135 | |
| 9360060546 | Scientific Revolution | First thinkers who work outside of the state and church; free and secular thinking | 136 | |
| 9360063430 | The General Will (Jean-Jacques Rousseau) | Government must do the will of the people (majority rules) | 137 | |
| 9360067575 | Separation of Powers (Baron de Montesquieu) | Absolute power corrupts absolutely, therefore three branches is the best | 138 | |
| 9360068493 | Natural Human Rights | Humans have rights that government cannot violate/ take away | 139 | |
| 9360072473 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | American Social activist and feminist and leader of women's rights movement - organized Seneca Falls Convention - spoke about issues Beyond suffrage (domestic rights, employment, and birth control) | 140 | |
| 9360075244 | Reign of Terror | Between 1793 - 1794. 30,000 Aristocrats and others guillotine in France | 141 | |
| 9360077206 | Napoleon Bonaparte | 1799 - 1815; the general who took power and named himself Emperor for life. He tried to conquer all of Europe and took away rights from woman while reinstating slavery | 142 | |
| 9360079574 | Free Market | 143 | ||
| 9360080888 | Social Darwinism | Social theory originating in Europe and North America that justified imperialism, racism, i'm conservatism favored Elites white men. Significant as it supported superiority complex | 144 | |
| 9360080889 | Scramble for Africa | 1880 - WWI; european colonization of Africa that functioned as a "race" between European powers. Involved the violent Invasion and gentrification of the African culture | 145 | |
| 9360086925 | Battle of Adowa | 1896; battle between Ethiopia and Italy where Ethiopia prevailed and secured sovereignty: major victory for African culture and pride - resistance to imperialism | 146 | |
| 9360087996 | The Indian Rebellion of 1857-58 | India's independence Wars threatened trade companies power - social rights movement - resistance to imperialism | 147 | |
| 9360103190 | Mangal Pandey | Indian sepoy who fought against colonialism and oppression | 148 | |
| 9360104491 | female circumcision in colonial Kenya | Act of removing the clitoris and surrounding tissue in order to control female sexuality. This controversial issue divided Converts and missionaries and other Africans as they decided if this was morally corrupt or not | 149 | |
| 9360105731 | Swami Vivekenada | Indian monk at the Forefront movement to establish Hinduism as a world religion - help to define a Hindu culture identity. Influential spiritual leader in India | 150 | |
| 9360108689 | U.S. Steel Corporation | Company that dealt with the harvesting, processing, and exporting of Steel. This was significant because it was intense industrialization and Technology. Abused power to use laborers with unfair wages. | 151 | |
| 9360110874 | Henry Ford, Andrew Carnegie, and John Rockefellar | Innovators and industrialists who supported technological development and help to create corporations. Significant because it helped motivate the Industrial Revolution. | 152 | |
| 9360111736 | Crimean War | 1854 - 1856; military conflict where the Russian Empire lost to an Alliance of European States - religious conflict over Holy Land - strengthened Europe but weakend Russia | 153 | |
| 9360112324 | Emancipation of Russian Serfs | 1861; manifesto signed that abolished serfdom, more social equality as serfs became full citizens. Significant because socialist | 154 | |
| 9360113418 | Sergei Witte | Influential political leader - supported industrialization; sort of cool because he helped political stability, important because he was largely unbiased in social issues | 155 | |
| 9360113419 | Taiping Uprising | 1850 - 1864; revolutionary "civil rights" movement towards Christianity, more equal land, women's rights. Because this failed and Qing rule was restored, industrialization was largely delayed, this meant China was really behind economically and socially | 156 | |
| 9360114679 | Hong Xiuquan | 1814 - 1864; helps lead the Taiping Rebellion, "religious prophet" - attempted to have a new Dynasty with his Christianity; influence Chinese social norms | 157 | |
| 9360114680 | Treaty of Nanjing | "Treaty of peace" between queen of Britain and Ireland and the Emperor of China. Helped and first Opium War but left British Traders privileged in their trading and with unequal economic power | 158 | |
| 9360115486 | Self-Strengthening Movement | Rehabilitation of traditional Chinese beliefs with Western influence - quest to modernize, this pushed China to industrialize (conservative modernization) | 159 | |
| 9360116420 | Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists | Secret Chinese society that triggered Boxer Rebellion. Violent xenophobia; somewhat spiritual. Supported anti-industrialization | 160 | |
| 9360117031 | Meiji Restoration | 161 | ||
| 9360119428 | Communism | Economic system that supports the idea that everyone gives as much as possible to society but takes only what they need | 162 | |
| 9360119429 | Capitalism | 163 | ||
| 9360121180 | Socialism | 164 | ||
| 9360129444 | Karl Marx | Self-proclaimed philosopher and historian that suggested communism | 165 | |
| 9360129445 | Genocide of Armenians | 166 | ||
| 9360130424 | League of Nations | 167 | ||
| 9360131204 | Triple Alliance | Secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in 1882 and decided they would support each other in war - however in WWI, italy joined the Allies instead. This was a defensive Pact | 168 | |
| 9360131205 | Triple Entente | Informal agreement between Great Britain, France, and Russia to counter the triple alliances threat. Terminated when Bolsheviks controlled Russia (1917) | 169 | |
| 9360132227 | Balance of Power | 1914; issue that determined the protagonist held the balance of power, therefore they were equally powerful and there was no reason to wage war | 170 | |
| 9360132228 | Franz Ferdinand | Archduke of Austria-Este and heir to Austro-Hungarian throne. Is murder sparked WWI | 171 | |
| 9360133381 | 4 Main Causes of WWI | Militarism, alliance System, imperial tension, and nationalism | 172 | |
| 9360137721 | Import Substitution Industrialization | Economic policy that supports replacing Foreign imports with domestic production. Promotes idea that countries should be self-sufficient. This means a relatively limited World Market | 173 | |
| 9360138983 | Getulio Vargas and Lazaro Cardevas | GV: Brazilian lawyer and politician who is president. LC: General in constitutionalist army during Mexican Revolution. He tried for his social and economic aims during the revolution | 174 | |
| 9360138984 | John Maynard Keynes | British Economist whose ideas change the theory of macroeconomics about unemployment. He suggested New Economic strategies | 175 | |
| 9360140002 | Benito Mussolini | Italian politician who led the Nationalist fascist party. He was in power during World War 1 and supported fascism. | 176 | |
| 9360140003 | Weimar Republic | Unofficial historical designate for the German states from 1919 - 1933. It was a political experiment where its ambitious democracy eventually gave in to Nazis | 177 | |
| 9360141035 | Kristallnacht | "Night of the broken glass" was a pogrom against Jews in Nazi Germany that was very violent | 178 | |
| 9360141712 | Treaty of Versailles | Was signed to end World War 1: Forced Germany to take responsibility and to pay reparations | 179 | |
| 9360145511 | The New Deal | 180 | ||
| 9360146291 | Deficit Spending | Economic system known as the cycle of economic depression | 181 | |
| 9360148739 | Facism | Extreme nationalism and extreme militarism that holds pride in Tradition; the leader is the personification of state and there is total control on all aspects of society and economy where state Welfare is supreme to individual rights and war is glorified | 182 | |
| 9360151416 | Manchuko | Japanese puppet State in China from 1932 - 1945 stats annoyed Europeans. It was a republic then turned to a constitutional monarchy and it had a role in the start of the war | 183 | |
| 9360151417 | Asia for the Asians | Nationalist ideas that supported Asian countries controlling other Asian countries | 184 | |
| 9360152759 | Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor | Surprise military strike by Japanese on u.s. Naval Base that increased tensions and contributed to World War II | 185 | |
| 9360152760 | Rape of Nanjing | 1937 - 1938; mass murder and rape by Japanese troops against Nanjing, occurred during WW2 | 186 | |
| 9360153843 | Greater Japan Women's Society | Enrolled woman who laid aside luxuries in order to support the war effort, somewhat forced | 187 | |
| 9360153844 | Nazi "Final Solution" | Hitler's plan to rid the Jewish population in Poland and the Soviet Union through death camps, as well as other "inferior races" | 188 | |
| 9360154446 | United Nations | 1945; outcome of WW2 that made powerful members agreed to resolve post-war things - especially Soviet/American hostility during the Cold War | 189 | |
| 9360156217 | Centralized Economies/Centrally Planned Economies | state controls when and how and what happens, people want freedom | 190 | |
| 9360160486 | Total War | War that abandons all rules of warfare | 191 | |
| 9360168390 | Invasion of Manchuria | 1931; Japanese invasion of Chinese Manchuria | 192 | |
| 9360170878 | Russian Bolshevik Revolution | pair of revolutions that broke down the tsarist autocracy and gave rise to the soviet union | 193 | |
| 9360172009 | Joseph Stalin | dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. However, he ruled by terror, and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign. | 194 | |
| 9360172010 | Mao Zedong | Chinese communist revolutionary, poet, political theorist and founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China- pretty rough dude | 195 | |
| 9360172637 | Collectivization | process of taking private property and making it public | 196 | |
| 9360175727 | NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization - military alliance between North America and Western European countries | 197 | |
| 9360175728 | Warsaw Pact | Collective defense among the Soviet Union and surrounding states - opposite of NATO | 198 | |
| 9360176290 | Korean and Vietnam Wars | War related to the cold war that took place in Vietnam and Korea. Communist versus anti-communist | 199 | |
| 9377143664 | Korean War | The first Hot War of the Cold War it occurred from 1950 to 1953 and it is example of the U.S. policy of containment- citizens took the most damage in this war | 200 | |
| 9360176291 | Cuban Missile Crisis | 9 Day face off between the US and the Soviet Union where nuclear weaponry was threatened by the SU to attack Cuba | 201 | |
| 9360177395 | Non-Alignment | Movement where States consider themselves not aligned with any major power during war | 202 | |
| 9360178191 | Military Industrial Complex | A country's military establishment and these industries producing arms or other military materials | 203 | |
| 9360178192 | Cold War | 1945-1991; War between the Soviet Union and the US where nuclear weaponry was threatened but never actually was launched | 204 | |
| 9360181047 | Indian National Congress (INC) | 1885; association of English educated Indians from prominent High-caste families who sought inclusion in political Affairs for the better welfare of India. It's succeeded in gaining a peasant following then Gandhi became leader of it and it turned into an organization | 205 | |
| 9360182076 | Mohandas Gandhi | English educated lawyer who turned into a nationalist and freedom fighter and then lead political movements. His movement was interesting because he worked to morally transform the lowest caste's standing, he promoted somewhat traditional ideas through nonviolent tactics | 206 | |
| 9360182100 | All-India Muslim League | 1906; contradiction to INC, demanded separate from Muslim demographics in an effort to preserve their voice in a Hindu majority fought for separate political status | 207 | |
| 9360183169 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | Leader of Muslim League who promoted a separate political status for the Muslim demographic, this resulted in the division of India and the creation of Pakistan and East Pakistan (bangladesh) | 208 | |
| 9360183170 | Afrikaner | politically dominant whites in South Africa - struggle existed between them and black South Africans in political and social sphere | 209 | |
| 9360183978 | Nelson Mandela | Leader of the ANC during the 1950's and implemented nonviolent civil disobedience in an effort to lessen or end racial segregation. Was arrested as a political prisoner, when Powers address political and racial segregation he was freed and became the country's first black African president | 210 | |
| 9360183979 | Apartheid | South African policy or system of discrimination based on race | 211 | |
| 9360185285 | African National Congress | 1912; led by male, educated Africans who appealed to political powers in an effort to protest apartheid. When Nelson Mandela took over, more radicalism began and therefore change and ensued | 212 | |
| 9360187742 | Black Conciousness Movement | Movement towards the empowerment of black Africans during the 1970s to 80s | 213 | |
| 9360192672 | Jawaharlal Nehru | leader of INC, caught in the middle of the Gandhi vs Jinnah, first sighted with Gandhi and then later with Jinnah | 214 | |
| 9360192673 | Partition | 215 | ||
| 9360195006 | Salvador Allende and Augusto Pinochet | SA: First Marxist president of Latin American country. AP: Dictator of Chile | 216 | |
| 9360195710 | The Brazilian Miracle | period of National Economic growth during rule of Brazilian government | 217 | |
| 9360196475 | Mustaga Kermal Ataturk | Turkish army officer and founder of Republic Turkey | 218 | |
| 9360197201 | Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlari | Overthrown by Iranian Revolution and tried to westernize | 219 | |
| 9360199133 | Augustollah Ruhollah Vhomeini | Iranian Shia Muslim leader and politician | 220 | |
| 9360200864 | Anthropocene | Age of man - period where human activity became the major influencer on climate and environment | 221 | |
| 9360200865 | Green Revolution | Large increase in Crop Production in developing countries using fertilizers and high yield crops as well as new technology | 222 | |
| 9360201377 | Global Warming | Increase in Earth's temperature due to greenhouse gases | 223 | |
| 9360201378 | Environmentalism | Movement towards the preservation of the Earth's natural phase | 224 | |
| 9360202884 | Rachel Carson- Silent Spring | American biologist and conservationist who wrote Silent Spring and was a key player in the advancement of environmentalism | 225 | |
| 9360202885 | Kyoto Protocol | International environmentalist treaty that managed climate changed and the output of greenhouse gases in many countries | 226 | |
| 9360203775 | Globalization | Process by which businesses and organizations develop International influence or operation on International scale | 227 | |
| 9360203776 | International Monetary Fund | (IMF) Organization headquartered in DC to Foster Global economics - they secured Financial stability and reduced poverty | 228 | |
| 9360204554 | Transnational Corporations | (TNC) Enterprises and affiliates foreign powers that control other countries assets | 229 | |
| 9360205324 | World Trade Organization | (WTO) Regulates global trade and is a non-governmental organization | 230 | |
| 9360206070 | Neo-Colonialism | Occurred in Latin America and was the notion that they were politically free but economically dependent on foreigners such as the US | 231 | |
| 9360207389 | Corporate Populism | Government pushes for industrialization through private companies | 232 | |
| 9360208448 | Asian Tigers | Affiliation between Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea that made cheap export manufacturers to export goods because they did not have farmland or natural resources available | 233 | |
| 9360208449 | Feminsim | Movement that supports women's equal rights and social treatment | 234 | |
| 9360209241 | Betty Friedan- Feminine Mystique | Leading advocate for the women's movement and founded NOW and wrote the Feminine Mystique | 235 | |
| 9360209242 | Fundementalism | Form of religion that believes in strict rules and the most pure form - opposes modernity | 236 | |
| 9360210569 | Wahhabism/Salafism | Islamic Doctrine and movement founded by Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhah as an austere or fundamental movements- opposes idolatry. It is a sect of Islam and has fundamentalist views | 237 | |
| 9360210570 | intersectionality | Recognizes that there are multiple pieces of people's Persona and therefore multiple pieces to be oppressed | 238 |
