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| 15030706966 | Middle Ages | The historical period from around 500 A.D. up to around 1450 A.D. between the fall of Rome and the birth of the Renaissance | 0 | |
| 15030706967 | Dark Ages | First 500 years of Midieval Europe. The name was given due to a lack of cultural, societal, intellectual, political and economic progress | 1 | |
| 15030706968 | Germanic Tribes | The groups of invaders who took over the Western Roman Empire (Saxons, angels, Goths, Vandals) | 2 | |
| 15030706969 | Franks | Group of Germanic people who rose to prominence under the leadership of King Clovis. First kingdom to convert to Christianity. | 3 | |
| 15030706970 | King Clovis | Early Frankish king who converted Franks to Christianity. He allowed the establishment of Frankish kingdom and hihs capitol was in Paris. | 4 | |
| 15030706971 | Battle of Tours | Battle in 732 in which the Christian Franks led by Charles Martel defeated Muslim armies and stopped the Muslim advance into Europe | 5 | |
| 15030706972 | Pepin | Charles Martel's son. First king to have the pope's blessing creating a link between European and Roman Empires. | 6 | |
| 15030706973 | Charlemagne | Built the first real empire in Europe since Rome and is the King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor. Brought back centralized government and Rome prestige. Had a main focus on promoting education and religion | 7 | |
| 15030706974 | Treaty of Verdum | Charlemange's grandsons created this. They split Charlemagne's empire, Carolingians Empire, into 3 kingdoms | 8 | |
| 15030706975 | Feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land. Predominate political system of the Middle Ages. | 9 | |
| 15030706976 | Fief | A piece of land held under the feudal system. Land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service | 10 | |
| 15030706977 | Manors | Large farm estates of the Middle Ages that were owned by nobles who ruled over the peasants living in the land. Predominate economic system during the Middle Ages. | 11 | |
| 15030706978 | Code of Chivalry | This reinforced idea of women as weak where some women in towns had few privelages and practiced in some trade. | 12 | |
| 15030706979 | Moldboard Plow | Plow invented during the Middle Ages to improve farming effeciency | 13 | |
| 15030706980 | Guilds | Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests. Trained people to specialize in a specific job. they formed within cities to set standards and prices on goods. | 14 | |
| 15030706983 | First Crusade | Launched by Pope Urban II, and is considered successful because they recaptured Jerusalem and the Holy Land, which freed Christians from Muslims. | 15 | |
| 15030706984 | Second Crusade | In effort to stem the Muslim resurgence, but unsuccessful. Jerusalem was taken back by Saladin (Muslims) | 16 | |
| 15030706985 | Third Crusade | Crusade led by King Richard the Lionhearted to recapture the city of Jerusalem from Islamic forces led by Saladin. Muslims kept city but Christians could pilgrimage to it freely | 17 | |
| 15030706986 | Fourth Crusade | Crusade which diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem. But sacked Constantinople, causing damage to Byzantine Empire. | 18 | |
| 15030706987 | Magna Carta | A legal document written by English lords in 1215 that stated certain rights and limited the power of King John | 19 | |
| 15030706988 | Hundred Years War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. | 20 | |
| 15030706990 | Investiture | The controversy that arose when Henry IV (Holy Roman Empire) tried to name men to church offices. Pope Gregory VII excommunicated him for this act and reaffirmed the political power of the Catholic Church. | 21 | |
| 15030706993 | Gothic | Beggining to appear with tall slender spires, ornate carvings, stained-glass windows, and flying buttresses. It reflected Muslim design. | 22 | |
| 15030706994 | Bubonic Plaugue | Disease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It eventually killed one out of every third person in the population and helped end Feudalism. | 23 | |
| 15030728325 | Catholic Church | Branch of Christianity established in 1054 and establishes itself in Western Europe. Noted for its separation from the political sphere, celibacy in its clergy, and instance of the bishop of Rome, or pope, as its ultimate authority in Christian belief and practice. Was the predominate power of Europe during the Middle Ages | 24 |
