Terms : Hide Images
| 5597658851 | Nomad | People(s) who don't stay in one place. Non-sedentary. | 0 | |
| 5597668137 | Pastoralism | Raising of livestock. Ag culture. | 1 | |
| 5597676155 | Cuneiform | Sumerians: "wedge marks" on clay tablet. Early system of writing. | 2 | |
| 5598344444 | Code of Hammurabi | The Code of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia, dating back to about 1754 BC (Middle Chronology). It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. The sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi, enacted the code, and partial copies exist on a seven and a half foot stone stele and various clay tablets. The code consists of 282 laws, with scaled punishments, adjusting "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" (lex talionis)[1] as graded depending on social status, of slave versus free man.[2] Nearly one-half of the code deals with matters of contract, establishing, for example, the wages to be paid to an ox driver or a surgeon. Other provisions set the terms of a transaction, establishing the liability of a builder for a house that collapses, for example, or property that is damaged while left in the care of another. A third of the code addresses issues concerning household and family relationships such as inheritance, divorce, paternity, and sexual behavior. Only one provision appears to impose obligations on an official; this provision establishes that a judge who reaches an incorrect decision is to be fined and removed from the bench permanently.[3] A few provisions address issues related to military service. | 3 | |
| 5598355969 | Hinduism | -India -"Polytheistic": All gods are part of ultimate being -Finding self-worth -Dharma and Karma | 4 | |
| 5598387653 | The Vedas (Hinduism) | Life Guides:There are four Vedas, the Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and Atharva Veda. The Vedas are the primary texts of Hinduism. They also had a vast influence on Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Traditionally the text of the Vedas was coeval with the universe. Scholars have determined that the Rig Veda, the oldest of the four Vedas, was composed about 1500 B.C., and codified about 600 B.C. It is unknown when it was finally committed to writing, but this probably was at some point after 300 B.C. | 5 | |
| 5598416124 | The Upanishads | Part of Vedas: The Upanishads are a collection of texts that contain some of the central philosophical concepts of Hinduism, some of which are shared with Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism.The Upanishads are considered by Hindus to contain utterances (śruti) concerning the nature of ultimate reality (brahman) and describing the character of and path to human salvation (mokṣa or mukti). | 6 | |
| 5598439715 | Patriarchy | Male dominance in society. | 7 | |
| 5598449271 | Neolithic Revolution (Agriculture Revolution) | Transition from hunting and gathering to settled societies, agriculture based. Increase in societal population, denser urban settlements. | 8 | |
| 5598487886 | Mandate of Heaven | The Mandate of Heaven was a principle used to justify the power of the emperor of China, as well as explaining suitability for the office. According to this belief, heaven bestows its mandate to a just ruler, the Son of Heaven. | 9 | |
| 5598552646 | Sumeria | Sumeria was the first urban civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia. | 10 | |
| 5598612916 | Babylonia | Babylonia was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq). A small Amorite-ruled state emerged in 1894 BC, which contained at this time the minor city of Babylon.[1] Babylon greatly expanded during the reign of Hammurabi in the first half of the 18th century BC, becoming a major capital city during the reign of Hammurabi and afterwards. Hammurabi made Babylon capitol of Mesopotamia. Later to be destroyed by the Assyrians. Euphrates River | 11 | |
| 5598685117 | Hittites | The Hittites occupied the region of Anatolia (also known as Asia Minor, modern-day Turkey) prior to 1700 BCE, developed a culture apparently from the indigenous Hatti (and possibly the Hurrian) people, and expanded their territories into an empire which rivaled, and threatened, the established nation of Egypt. | 12 | |
| 5611668348 | Bantu of Africa | -Isolated people -Trade among themselves -South Africa -Local resources, Timber -Native language | 13 | |
| 5611799421 | Olmecs | -The Olmecs were the first major civilization in Guatemala and Mexico following a progressive development in Soconusco and modern southwestern pacific lowlands of Guatemala. -Head statues -Mesoamerica | 14 | |
| 5611887356 | Pelopponesian War | Athens vs. Sparta. Sparta won. | 15 | |
| 5611890354 | Homer-Iliad and Odyssey | No proof he existed as one being. Fantasy collection of ancient greek tales. | 16 | |
| 5611923490 | Constantine | Leader of cosmopolitan (world trade center) city Constantinople. (Byzantine Empire). | 17 | |
| 5611933179 | Qu'ran | Muslim Bible/Holy text "God is merciful" | 18 | |
| 5611957772 | Bubonic Plague | -Black Death -Welts, pus, blood -No cure Mongolia to Europe Wiped out nearly one half of Europe | 19 | |
| 5611979683 | Gupta Empire | -India -Artistic era -First major peasant uprising | 20 | |
| 5612006111 | Qin Shi Huang | -Qin dynasty -China's first emeror -Unified China's warring states | 21 | |
| 5612033930 | Pillars of Islam | Shahada-Proclamation of faith Salat- Five daily prayers to Mecca Zakat- Monthly donation to charity Ramadan-Fasting for a month Hajj- Pilgrimage to Mecca | 22 | |
| 5612093247 | Justinian Code | -Justinian I -Legal Code -Latin -Judicial | 23 | |
| 5612163472 | Xiognu | Nomadic Steppe peoples of Eastern Asia | 24 | |
| 5630316490 | Assyrians | Destroyed Babylon. Neighboring Mesopotamia. | 25 | |
| 5644803895 | Persian Empire Harrapa and the Mohenjo-daro | It was one of the largest cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization,[11] which developed around 3,000 BCE from the prehistoric Indus culture. At its height, the Indus Civilization spanned much of what is now Pakistan and North India, extending westwards to the Iranian border, south to Gujarat in India and northwards to an outpost in Bactria, with major urban centers at Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Lothal, Kalibangan, Dholavira and Rakhigarhi. Mohenjo-daro was the most advanced city of its time, with remarkably sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning.[12] | 26 | |
| 5644824010 | Shang China-Zhou | Bronze Age of China -Advanced literature -seat of political and military power | 27 | |
| 5644856643 | Confucianism | -Confucious -Ren -Refined Doctrine -Way of being -Set social relationships -Zhou Dynasty | 28 | |
| 5644880440 | Daoism | -Laozi -Yin Yang -Balance of all things | 29 | |
| 5644902077 | Legalism | Legalism is one of the six classical schools of thought in Chinese philosophy that developed during the Warring States period. Grouping thinkers crucial to laying the "intellectual and ideological foundations of the traditional Chinese bureaucratic empire", it emphasizes political reform through fixed and transparent rules and a realistic consolidation of the wealth and power of the state, with the goal of achieving increased order and stability. Largely ignoring morality or questions on how a society ideally should function, it examines the present state of the government | 30 | |
| 5644924600 | Buddhism | -Siddhartha Gautama -India -Sprung from Hinduism -Reincarnation -Spread due to appealing, through trade. Never forced or preached. | 31 | |
| 5644944381 | Zoroastrianism | -Persia -Iranian prophet Zoroaster -Ahura Mazda (Supreme knowing) | 32 | |
| 5644974710 | Judaism | -Monotheistic/polytheistic:Believes in multiple Gods, but only one is important. Mono logos. -Hebrew bible -Torahs:provide a guide for life | 33 | |
| 5645003143 | Christianity | -Sprung from Judaism -Palestine -Jesus Christ of Nazarene claimed son of God, by birth of virgin Mary -monotheistic -Heaven, hell -More appealing to pagans -Convert kings, kingdoms will follow -Jesus said to be crucified in Jerusalem Roman Catholicism: Iconoclastic Pope had most power Worshiped saints Byzantium, and westward dominance Eastern (Greek) Orthodox Against icons worshiped saints | 34 | |
| 5652882024 | Theravada Buddhism | There are no beliefs. However, there is a faculty of conviction that is required for a worldling in order to start their practice. Initially, it has to be embraced that the Buddha is fully enlightened, thus actual investigation might follow. | 35 | |
| 5652890842 | Mahayana Buddhism | There is the belief that some celestial beings exist in other realms but cannot help people | 36 | |
| 5653395681 | Ashoka | Ashoka was an Indian emperor of the Mauryan Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE. One of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned over a realm that stretched from the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan. | 37 | |
| 5653406714 | Pericles | prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator and general of Athens during the Golden Age—specifically the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars. descended, through his mother, from the powerful and historically influential Alcmaeonid family. | 38 | |
| 5705479951 | Hijrah | Prophet Muhammad's migration (622 ce) from Mecca to Medina in order to escape persecution. The date represents the starting point of the Muslim era. | 39 | |
| 5705504112 | Umma | Community of all believers, (Islamic) replacing tribal, ethnic, or racial identities. | 40 | |
| 5705541678 | Solon | Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and poet. - efforts to legislate against political, economic, and moral decline in archaic Athens. His reforms failed in the short term, yet he is often credited with having laid the foundations for Athenian democracy | 41 | |
| 5724448640 | Socrates | Socrates was the big-city philosopher in ancient Athens. Accused and convicted of corrupting the youth, his only real crime was embarrassing and irritating a number of important people. His punishment was death. | 42 | |
| 5724454490 | Plato | An aristocratic man with plenty of money and a superb physique, Plato at one time won two prizes as a championship wrestler. Actually, the man's real (and little known) name was Aristocles; Plato was just a nickname given to him by his friends, whose original connotation made reference to his broad shoulders. Plato became an enthusiastic and talented student of Socrates and wrote famous dialogues featuring his teacher verbally grappling with opponents. Our wrestler believed in the pre-existence and immortality of the soul, holding that life is nothing more than the imprisonment of the soul in a body. In addition to the physical world, there is a heavenly realm of greater reality consisting in Forms, Ideals, or Ideas (such as Equality, Justice, Humanity, and so on). | 43 | |
| 5724458999 | Aristotle | Plato's best student. A key theme in Aristotle's thought is that happiness is the goal of life. Aristotle was a good deal less other-worldly than Plato. He voluntarily went into exile from Athens when conditions became a bit politically dangerous for him, in his words, "lest Athens sin twice against philosophy." The founder of logical theory, Aristotle believed that the greatest human endeavor is the use of reason in theoretical activity. One of his best known ideas was his conception of "The Golden Mean" — "avoid extremes," the counsel of moderation in all things. | 44 | |
| 5724516776 | Battle of Tours | The Battle of Tours (10 October 732) also called the Battle of Poitiers and, by Arab sources, the Battle of the Palace of the Martyrs was fought between Frankish and Burgundianforces under Charles Martel against an army of the Umayyad Caliphate led by 'Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, Governor-General of al-Andalus. It was fought in an area between the cities of Poitiers and Tours, in north-central France, near the village of Moussais-la-Bataille, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Poitiers. The location of the battle was close to the border between the Frankish realm and then-independent Aquitaine. The Franks were victorious. 'Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi was killed, and Charles subsequently extended his authority in the south. Details of the battle, including its exact location and the number of combatants, cannot be determined from accounts that have survived. Notably, the Frankish troops won the battle without cavalry. | 45 | |
| 5724526260 | Charles Martel | Frankish statesman and military leader Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace, Son of the Frankish statesman Pepin of Herstal and a noblewoman Alpaida successfully asserted his claims to power as successor to his father as the power behind the throne in Frankish politics. Continuing and building on his father's work: - restored centralized government in Francia - began the series of military campaigns that re-established the Franks as the undisputed masters of all Gaul. | 46 |
