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| 3755526480 | Yuan Dynasty | The Yuan Dynasty lasted between the 13th and 14th centuries, during Mongol rule in China. During this dynasty, leader Kubilai Khan adopted the Mandate of Heaven and founded Beijing, what would become the northern capital of the dynasty, which was close to the Silk Road. There were a decline in agriculture and economic changes in the Yuan that led to the opening stages of the Industrial Revolution. The Ming Dynasty succeeded it after a rebellion. | 0 | |
| 3755528044 | caliphate | The caliphate is the hereditary monarchy of Islamic government. It is led by a caliph, who is said to be a successor of the prophet Muhammad and leader of the entire Muslim community. The caliphate became the official method of government in 680 with the Battle of Karbala and the split of the Shia and the Sunni. Examples of important caliphates include the Umayyad and the Abbasid. | 1 | |
| 3755528045 | Mandate of Heaven | The Mandate of Heaven is the Chinese belief that the emperors ruled through the mandate, or approval, of heaven contingent on their ability to look after the welfare of the population. In other words, emperors were granted the right to rule based on their ability to do so well and fairly. This could be used as justification for rebellions. The Zhou dynasty ruled under the Mandate of Heaven, and Kubilai Khan adopted it in the Yuan dynasty. | 2 | |
| 3755529925 | Silk Road | The Silk Road was a major network of trade routes that ran from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea. The road was between 4000 and 5000 miles long. Important goods and ideas were spread along this trade route, which lasted from the second century BCE until the 14th century CE. Among the goods spread were horses, silk, crops, and metals. Among the ideas spread were Buddhism and Islam. | 3 | |
| 3755529926 | Mansa Musa | Mansa Musa was the king of the Mali Empire in the 14th century. He is famous for making a hajj, or pilgrimage, to Mecca that established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. He built new mosques and Quranic schools in his Emipre to promote the religious and cultural influence of Islam. | 4 | |
| 3755531134 | Varna | The varna system, or caste system, was the Hindu system of social classes according to Hindu doctrine. It consisted of four classes: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, in order from greatest to least. The Brahmin is the priestly caste and the equivalent of a nobility. The Kshatriya is the warrior caste. The Vaishya is the merchants, landowners, farmers, etc.; basically the laypeople. The Shudra is made up of slaves and laborers. There is a fifth "caste" that is not really included in the main four: the Untouchables are the people outside of Hinduism, i.e. children born to English-speaking parents. | 5 | |
| 3755531135 | Hellenism | Hellenism was a type of culture that typically refers to the time period after the conquests of Alexander the Great, also known as the Hellenistic Age. This concept was influenced heavily by Greek culture. | 6 | |
| 3755531136 | Pax Romana | The Pax Romana, which literally translates to "Roman peace," was the time period of tranquility and lack of war in the Roman Empire. It began during the emperor Augustus's rule and lasted about 200 years. During this time period, Rome ceased most of its expansionist efforts. It ended right before the Crisis of the Third Century. | 7 | |
| 3756941470 | Analyze continuities and changes in trade networks between Africa and Eurasia from circa 300 to 1450. | Trans-Saharan trade rpite, Indian Ocean Maritime System, Silk Road | 8 | |
| 3756943454 | Trans-Saharan trade route | What is it? - movement across the Sahara desert and Sahel region of Africa Changes: - development of trade states - development of different states, such as Ghana and Mali empires - domestication and widespread usage of camels for desert travel - increased ivory trading Continuity: - the spread of Islam, especially during Umayyad caliphate's arabization and expansion | 9 | |
| 3756944770 | Indian Ocean Maritime System | What is it? - sea trade among India, Indonesia, China, Swahili Coast, Iran, and Ethiopia Changes: - creation of various states and governments - creation of Swahili Coast and its development as a merchant city-state - family diversification: as men travel, they marry women at different ports and become exposed to new cultures; children become bilingual, multicultural, etc Continuity: - spread of religion - Islam and Buddhism again - Islam spreads all the way to Malaysia and Africa, esp. in Bantu language and script | 10 | |
| 3756953034 | Silk Road | What is it? - Movement of goods from the Mediterranean through the Middle East to China - goods traded included horses, silk, crops, metals Changes: - different middlemen on trade route: power/control of the whole Silk Road changes from Parthians to Sassanids to Muslims to Turkic nomads to Mongols over time Continuity: - you guessed it - also another idea that was spread was the stirrup - when goods are spread, ideas are spread | 11 | |
| 3758668145 | Analyze similarities and differences in techniques of imperial administration in TWO of the following empires: | Han China (206 BCE - 220 CE) Persian (Achaemenid) Empire (550 BCE - 330 BCE) Imperial Rome (31 BCE - 476 CE) | 12 | |
| 3758669077 | Persian (Achaemenid) Empire: 550 BCE - 330 BCE | Differences: - decentralized rule - always had an absolutist emperor, quasi-divine, more like a monarch - Persia was a satrapy: vassal state ruled by a satrap - satrap: comparable to a governor of a province - had provinces (decentralized) Similarities: - both eventually had absolutist emperors - both kept their native laws, religion, and elite class when conquering lands - both were successful models of imperial rule | 13 | |
| 3758673075 | Roman Empire: 31 BCE - 476 BCE | Differences: - centralized rule - emperor appeals to everyone (at first) - Augustus: "first citizen of the state" - says that Rome is not finished, he will restore it - very bureaucratic - imperial bureaucrats: equites - middle class - plebeians with some economic means - no provinces: centralized Similarities: - both eventually had absolutist emperors - after Crisis of 3rd Century, the dominate in Rome - Emperor Diocletian: absolutist - both kept their native laws, religion, and and elite class when conquering lands - Roman religion: native and then Christianity - both were successful models of imperial rule | 14 |
