midterm review
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| 290825287 | Hunting-gathering | The killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance. | 0 | |
| 290825288 | Domesticated plants and animals | Started around 8000 B.C.E., dogs, horses, wheat, barley, etc., Animals and plants that have been adopted by humans to raise. | 1 | |
| 290846855 | Sedentary | People who live in one area for a long period of time are sedentary. The Neolithic Revolution caused many nomadic peoples to become sedentary. | 2 | |
| 290846856 | Nomadic | characterized by moving about from place to place as nomads. Nomadic peoples traveled to follow herds which they used as a source of food and supplies | 3 | |
| 290846857 | Pastorial | Having to do with shepherds and herders. One example of pastorial peoples would be the Mongols. | 4 | |
| 290846858 | Neolithic | The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution. It follows the Paleolithic period. People began to settle down and create civilizations. | 5 | |
| 290846859 | Deity | any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force | 6 | |
| 290846860 | Pantheon | a temple to all the gods | 7 | |
| 290846861 | Pagan | not acknowledging the God of Christianity and Judaism and Islam | 8 | |
| 290846862 | Caste system | The caste system, prominent in India, is a system of organizing people into social classes. | 9 | |
| 290846863 | Priest, Nun | Priest-a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious ceremonies. Nun-a woman who has taken a sacred vow to devote her life to prayer and service to the church. These people helped to spread religion in a peaceful manor. | 10 | |
| 290846864 | Monotheism, Polytheism | Respectively believing in one god, believing in multiple gods. Monotheistic religions include Islam, Judaism and Christianity. Polytheistic views appeared in Ancient Greece, Rome, Meso/South America, and many tribal peoples. | 11 | |
| 290846865 | Celibacy, Monasticism | Celebacy-a lifestyle of being unmarried that some religious people choose in order to dedicate their lives to religion. Priests, nuns and Buddhist monks are examples of those who practice celebacy. Monasticism-The practice of living the life of a monk | 12 | |
| 290846866 | Afterlife, Reincarnation | The belief that there is life after life on earth, or that one's soul will be put into another person/animal after they die. This was particularly believed in by Hindu's, who believed that everyone's soul was a piece of Brahman, and that when they died, their soul would return to Brahman. If you had good karma, your soul would be reincarnated into a man, or a strong animal. If not, it would become a lesser life form such as a snail or a rat. | 13 | |
| 290846867 | Missionaries, pilgrims | Missionaries are people who travel and attempt to spread their religion to new people. Pilgrims were people who travel to a holy place (Hajj) or for religious freedom (Plymouth colonists). Both of these people helped to spread religions faster and on a global scale. | 14 | |
| 290846868 | kinship groups | filial-relating to or characteristic of or befitting an offspring(ex:filial piety) kinship groups-groups of people related by blood or marriage(Mongols lived in kinship groups) | 15 | |
| 290846869 | conversion, priesthood | conversion-a spiritual enlightenment causing a person to lead a new life priesthood-the body of ordained religious practitioners | 16 | |
| 290846870 | Sacred texts | books that give religious guidance to their respective groups, such as the Bible, Qu'ran, and Tora. These texts are used as guidelines to everyday life, laws/punishments, and religious teachings. | 17 | |
| 290846871 | Imperial, Feudal | Imperial-relating to or associated with an empire. Feudal-relating to a system in which people (called "vassals") were given protection and the use of land, in return for loyalty, payments, and services to a lord | 18 | |
| 290846872 | the state, empire, ideology | the state-polis Empire-a group of lands with different cultures controlled by one leader Ideology-an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation | 19 | |
| 290846873 | Bureaucracy, civil service | A bureaucracy is a system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials. Civil service-federal workers. China used this system of hiring and promotion based on the merit principle and the desire to create a nonpartisan government service. | 20 | |
| 290846874 | social hierarchy, stratification, inequality | social hierarchy-The division of society by rank or class stratification-the act or process or arranging persons into classes or social strata inequality-an unfair situation in which some people have more rights or better opportunities than other people | 21 | |
| 290846875 | Patriarchy | Societies where men are the dominant power. Most civilizations were patriarchal. | 22 | |
| 290846876 | Slavery | The practice of buying and selling people and making them work without pay. | 23 | |
| 290846877 | Urban | a city or densely populated area | 24 | |
| 290846878 | Tax revenue | money that governments get from taxes on citizens. Many empires such as the Inca and the Mongols relied on tax revenue from conquered lands to maintain stability. | 25 | |
| 290846879 | Nobility | the quality of being exalted in character or ideals or conduct. Nobles in society often held power to some extent. | 26 | |
| 290846880 | Elites | A group of people who have superior intellectual, social, or economic status. | 27 | |
| 290846881 | Autonomy | independence or freedom from a high powered government/a self governing community | 28 | |
| 290846882 | Citizen | A person with certain rights and responsibilities in his or her country or community. | 29 | |
| 290846883 | Trade goods | products such as animals and crops were traded between civilizations. Ex: silk, iron, rice, cloth, pearls, technology such as gunpowder and mechanical clocks. | 30 | |
| 290846884 | Role of nomads in trade | Nomads such as the Mongols promoted trade and expanded trade routes across Eurasia. However they also cut Russia off from trading with the rest of Europe. The Huns disrupted trade routes making them unsafe to travel on leading to a decrease in trade during their height. | 31 | |
| 290846885 | Technology, textiles | Technology-the practical application of science to commerce or industry, tools and skills people use to meet their basic needs. Textiles-fabrics that are woven or knitted; material for clothing | 32 | |
| 290846886 | Schism, Doctrinal differences | Schism-religious split. (Ex: Great Schism) Doctrinal differences-the differences between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches. | 33 | |
| 290846887 | Epidemic disease | Any infectious disease that develops and spreads rapidly to many people. The Bubonic plague was an epidemic disease that killed nearly 1/3 of the population of Europe, and millions of other people throughout the world. It is said to have originated in China, and with the help of the Mongols promoting trade, was quickly spread across Eurasia. This slowed or even put an end to communities that had been reviving themselves through the prosperity of the era. | 34 | |
| 290846888 | Guilds, Tax farming | Guilds-An association of persons of the same trade or pursuits, formed to protect mutual interests and maintain standards. Tax farming-system of taxation in which the government sells to private individuals the right to collect taxes | 35 | |
| 290846889 | City states, Sovereignty | city states-Different sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers Sovereignty-the ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states. | 36 | |
| 290846890 | Mercenaries, Diasporas | Mercenary-a soldier who fights for any country or group that will pay him. Diaspora-The migration of religious or ethnic groups to foreign lands despite their continued affiliation with the land and customs of their origin | 37 | |
| 290846891 | Syncretism, Tribute system | Syncretism-a blending of two or more religious traditions Tribute system-A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies and the Mongols. | 38 | |
| 290846892 | Infidel | one who does not accept a particular faith; unbeliever | 39 | |
| 290846893 | Chartered cities | A charter city is a city in which the governing system is defined by the city's own charter document rather than by state, provincial, regional or national laws. | 40 | |
| 290846894 | Usury, Sacrament | Usury-the act of lending money at an exorbitant rate of interest Sacrament-something considered to have sacred significance/or a formal religious act conferring a specific grace on those who receive it | 41 | |
| 290846895 | Caravel, Tariffs | Caravel- A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic. Tariffs-Taxes on imports or exports | 42 | |
| 290846896 | Conquistadors | Spanish soldiers and explorers who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain | 43 | |
| 290846897 | Absolutism | a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator. This theory was popular in France and other early modern European monarchies, that royal power should be free of constitutional checks. This created a wider gap between the monarch's and the lower classes. | 44 | |
| 290846898 | Joint-stock companies | An association of individuals in a business enterprise with transferable shares of stock, much like a corporation except that stockholders are liable for the debts of the business | 45 | |
| 290846899 | Trade Diasporas | The relocation of a large population of a particular people group from one place to another triggered by economics. | 46 | |
| 290846900 | Excommunication | the act of banishing a member of the Church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the Church | 47 | |
| 290846901 | Slave trade, Manumission | Manumission-The formal act of freeing from slavery. Slave trade-the buying, selling and transport of people as unpaid workers. | 48 | |
| 290846902 | Renaissance | The revival of the arts such as drawing, poetry and music. The Renaissance happened (first in Italy) around the 1500's. | 49 | |
| 290846903 | Protestant | A Christian who denies the authority of the Pope and holds the right of special judgment. | 50 | |
| 290846904 | Coerced ,Labor system | Coerced- to compel by force, intimidation, or authority Labor system-a system of organized labor | 51 | |
| 290846905 | Mercantilism | An economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests | 52 | |
| 319464623 | Revolution | the attempt to overthrow of a government by those who are governed | 53 | |
| 319464624 | Imperialism | A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically by extending its powers over foreign countries. | 54 | |
| 319464625 | Sepoys | Indian soldiers in the British army | 55 | |
| 319464626 | Monopoly | exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices because there is only one supplier. | 56 | |
| 319464627 | Modernization | The process of reforming political, military, economic, social, and cultural traditions in imitation of the early success of Western societies, often with regard for accommodating local traditions in non-Western societies. | 57 | |
| 319464628 | Political reforms | a reform in the political structure of a country/state/entity for the better (generally for the better of the people. | 58 | |
| 319464629 | Capitulations | Agreements with European powers that gave European bankers and merchants unfair advantages in the Empire | 59 | |
| 319464630 | Humanitarian values | values that promote better conditions for people throughout the world. | 60 | |
| 319464631 | Effective occupation | concept that the European powers agreed to at the Berlin Conference that stated that Europe would wholeheartedly go after colonies in Africa while not allowing one country to monopolize the entire continent. This states that you can't call "dibs" on a territory, you actually have to be there. | 61 | |
| 319464632 | Concessions in colonies | Colonies yielding the argument against them. conceding for the imperialists | 62 | |
| 319464633 | Colonialism | Policy by which a nation administers a foreign territory and develops its resources for the benefit of the colonial power. | 63 | |
| 319464634 | Cash Crops | crops, such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton, raised in large quantities in order to be sold for profit | 64 | |
| 319464635 | Business cycle | recurring fluctuations in economic activity consisting of recession and recovery and growth and decline | 65 | |
| 319464636 | Extraterritoriality, Treaties | Extraterritoriality- Right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation. Treaties-formal agreements between nations | 66 | |
| 319464637 | Abolition | the act of abolishing a system or practice or institution (especially abolishing slavery) | 67 | |
| 319464638 | Industrialization | the development of industries for the machine production of goods on an extensive scale | 68 | |
| 319464639 | Social Darwinism | The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion. | 69 | |
| 319464640 | Sanitation systems | a series of pipes to take dirty water away from houses and businesses | 70 | |
| 319464641 | Nation-state, Liberalism | Nation-state-A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality/A country who's population share a common identity. Liberalism-a political orientation that favors progress and reform | 71 | |
| 319464642 | middle class, Victorian | Middle class- A social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers/neither lower or upper class Victorian-of or relating to Queen Victoria of Great Britain or to the age in which she ruled | 72 | |
| 319464643 | Indentured servents | people who would receive free passage to the New World and then would work for a company for 7 years | 73 | |
| 319464644 | capitalism, Laissez-faire | Laissez-faire- idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs. capitalism-an economic system based on open competition in a free market, in which individuals and companies own the means of production and operate for profit. | 74 | |
| 319464645 | Socialism | Socialism- a political theory advocating state ownership of industry Labor system-An organization of workers in a particular industry or trade, created to defend the interests of members through strikes or negotiations with employers. | 75 | |
| 319464646 | Marxism | the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded | 76 | |
| 319464647 | Free-trade imperialism | Economic dominance of a weaker country by a more powerful one, while maintaining the legal independence of the weaker state. In the late nineteenth century, free-trade imperialism characterized the relations between the Latin American republics | 77 | |
| 319464648 | Suffrage, Natural rights | Suffrage-the right to vote Natural rights-the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property | 78 |
