Terms : Hide Images
| 8496820408 | Why was the discovery of the remains of humanlike creatures initially upsetting? | it challenged accepted beliefs about human origins | 0 | |
| 8496820409 | Current archaeological theory supports Louis and Mary Leakey/s discovery that the cradle of humanity is where? | tropical habitat of the African apes | 1 | |
| 8496820410 | What traits do humans possess that distinguish them from other primates? | bipedalism (walking upright on two legs), a very large brain, location of the human larynx (much lower in the neck) | 2 | |
| 8496820411 | How did the Great Ice Age affect plants and animals? | there was increase that transformed the Middle East into fertile grasslands and there was an abundance of plant and animal food | 3 | |
| 8496820412 | The success of Homo erectus over a span of one million years was due in large part to their what? | brains a third larger than those of Homo habilis | 4 | |
| 8496820413 | Define culture | ideas passed along within societies; learned patterns of action and expression; material objects, clothes, tools, crafts, beliefs, languages | 5 | |
| 8496820414 | What caused many species of large mammals to disappear between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago? | Homo sapiens (humans) that hunted | 6 | |
| 8496820415 | Where were the most permanent shelters constructed by Stone Age humans built? | in fishing villages along lakes and rivers | 7 | |
| 8496820416 | The food supply of early farmers, compared with that of hunting and gathering peoples was | more secure but their diet was less varied and nutritious | 8 | |
| 8496820417 | What occurred as a result of the growth of settled agricultural communities? | towns, which were centers of trade and craft specialization | 9 | |
| 8496820418 | Why was Mesopotamia sometimes a dangerous place to live? | -weather could be unpredictable such as sudden and violent floods that were badly timed -also rivers changing course that cut off fields and population centers from water supplies and communication | 10 | |
| 8496820419 | What is Babylonian leader Hammurabi best known for? | his Law Code that provided judges with a lengthy set of examples illustrating the principles they were to employ when deciding cases | 11 | |
| 8496820420 | Why did women in Mesopotamian society have a lower status than in a hunter-gatherer society? | the provision of food for the community depended on the physical work of dragging around a plow and digging irrigation channels, which was normally done by men | 12 | |
| 8496820421 | Early societies developed civilizations in the floodplains of great rivers because the rivers and floodplains provided | benefits-- deposits of fertile silt and water for agriculture | 13 | |
| 8496820422 | The Egyptian creation myth presents the universe as orderly and benevolent. This is due to | the remarkable stability to this landscape; they were endowed with natural resources | 14 | |
| 8496820423 | The Mesopotamian law code is famous. Why didn't Egypt have a similar code of law? | The Egyptians had conception of a divine king who was the source of law and justice | 15 | |
| 8496820424 | How were slaves used in ancient Egypt? | found in country estates or in the household of the king and wealthy families; treated relatively human and were given freedom | 16 | |
| 8496820425 | Why is the Egyptian death ritual complex? | they believed in the reality of afterlife and made extensive preparations for the safe passage to the next world and a comfortable existence once arrived | 17 | |
| 8496820426 | What do Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley civilizations all have in common? | all centered on a great river valley/fertile floodplain | 18 | |
| 8496820427 | What do the architecture and layout of Indus Valley cities indicate? | the architecture and layout indicate that civilizations carefully thought about where to settle and used the environment to their advantage | 19 | |
| 8496820428 | In East Asia the development of complex societies arose | in the Middle East and Indus Valley | 20 | |
| 8496820429 | What is the Mandate of Heaven? | the chief deity was referred to as "Heaven", the monarch was called the "Son of Heaven" and his rule was the "Mandate of Heaven" -a way to legitimize the Zhou rulers rule | 21 | |
| 8496820430 | How does Confucian philosophy attempt to create societal harmony? | teachings emphasized benevolence, nonviolence, justice rationalism, loyalty, and dignity -also unified all of China | 22 | |
| 8496820431 | What is the fundamental idea behind Daoism? | accepting the world as you find it, avoiding futile struggles, and deviating as little as possible from the "path" | 23 | |
| 8496820432 | Explain the concept of the yin and the yang | -represents differences in male and female -balance of the natural order -men and women play complimentary roles | 24 | |
| 8496820433 | The era of the New Kingdom in Egypt is characterized by restoration of Egyptian rule and | innovation | 25 | |
| 8496820434 | Why is the pharaoh Tutankhamun famous? | his is the only royal tomb found by archaeologists that had not been pillaged by tomb robbers | 26 | |
| 8496820435 | How did the Egyptian government treat the Nubian people? | -Egypt extensively exploited the mines of Nubia at considerable human cost -fatalities were high among native workers | 27 | |
| 8496820436 | The myths and literary practices of the Mycenaeans may be traced through what source? | The Minoan civilization on Crete | 28 | |
| 8496820437 | Early Greek cultural unity can best be explained by | extensive contacts and commerce between the various Greek kingdoms | 29 | |
| 8496820438 | How long did the Americas remain isolated from the rest of the world? | at least 15,000 years | 30 | |
| 8496820439 | What is a distinctive feature of Celtic military activity? | -warriors fought naked and eagerly -made trophies of the heads of defeated enemies | 31 | |
| 8496820440 | How did the Assyrians governed their empire? | used iron weapons and terror tactics to discourage resistance rebellion | 32 | |
| 8496820441 | Why were the Assyrians were able to conquer vast territories? | superior military organization and technology | 33 | |
| 8496820442 | The stories of Cain and Abel and Sodom and Gomorrah reflect what? | the Israelites view of their ancestors as nomadic side of the equation | 34 | |
| 8496820443 | The basic tenets of Jewish belief and practice prohibit what? | -murder -adultery -theft -lying -envy | 35 | |
| 8496820444 | When the Ark of the Covenant was brought to Jerusalem, how did it transform the city? | it made the city as religious and political center of the religion | 36 | |
| 8496820445 | What happened to the Jews after the conquest of Israel and Judah? | -this was the origin of the Jewish Diaspora -a dispersal still occurring today | 37 | |
| 8496820446 | The Phoenicians developed a system of writing based on what? | cuneiform and hieroglyphics | 38 | |
| 8496820447 | What was the principal reason for the fall of the Assyrian Empire? | -a resurgent Babylonia and the kingdom of the | 39 | |
| 8496820448 | What caused the economic decline in the Persian Empire? | increased tax burden and official corruption | 40 | |
| 8496820449 | Under King Darius' central body of law, how was the subject people in Persian territories treated? | he allowed people to live in accordance with their own traditions and ordinances | 41 | |
| 8496820450 | Explain the basic concepts behind Zoroastrianism? | world created by Ahuramazda and threatened by Ahgra Mainya and demos, struggle of good and evil | 42 | |
| 8496820451 | How did the Phoenician alphabetic writing system benefit the Greeks? | Greeks utilized Phoenician symbols without equivalent sound in Greek language | 43 | |
| 8496820452 | Why did the polis or city-states develop in Greece? | to bring order, protection, and communication since Greek geography was separated by mountains | 44 | |
| 8496820453 | Describe Spartan society | focused on military and training, boys trained from age 7 | 45 | |
| 8496820454 | What was the result of the Persian Wars? | the Greeks were attacked twice then they drove Persians out from Greece; the Delian League (Greek states) defeated the Persians | 46 | |
| 8496820455 | How does the Peloponnesian War reveal an inherent flaw in Greek society? | independent polis fostered rivalry, fear, and mistrust among communities | 47 | |
| 8496820456 | What happen to the empire of Alexander the Great after his death? | broke into 3 kingdoms (Seleucid, Ptolemaic, Antigonid) | 48 | |
| 8496820457 | The Hellenistic Age refers to the | political and cultural influence of Greek over foreign subjects in northeastern Africa and western Asia | 49 | |
| 8496820458 | Describe the Roman democracy | -hardly a democracy -elite male votes counted more than poor male votes -ruled by a council of wealthy male citizens | 50 | |
| 8496820459 | What happened as a result of defeating the Carthaginians? | Roman was a master of W. Med. and acquired it first overseas provinces in Sicily, Sardinia, and Spain | 51 | |
| 8496820460 | How did the Romans treat the people they conquered? | granted them political, legal, and economic privileges of Roman citizenship | 52 | |
| 8496820461 | A critical factor contributing to the Senates loss of authority was | a change in the composition of the Roman army | 53 | |
| 8496820462 | What was one of the most enduring consequences of the Roman Empire? | Romanization- the spread of Latin language and Roman way of life | 54 | |
| 8496820463 | Which Roman emperor was the first to convert to Christianity? | Constantine | 55 | |
| 8496820464 | Because of the influence of Confucian ethics, Chinese values emphasized | hierarchy in families as a natural aspect of human society | 56 | |
| 8496820465 | The Qin ruler took the title Shi Huangdi, which meant what? | first emperor | 57 | |
| 8496820466 | The Qin emperor was committed to standardization of coinage, weights and measures, the law code, and writing. This shows a commitment to | a commitment to creating a unified Chines civilization | 58 | |
| 8496820467 | Why is the development of the scholar gentry a significant development during the Han period? | the government was run more efficiently | 59 | |
| 8496820468 | Why was the Varna system developed? | was just one of the mechanisms that Indian society developed to regulate relations between different groups | 60 | |
| 8496820469 | How is the class and the caste systems in India connected? | belief in reincarnation | 61 | |
| 8496820470 | What is the underlying message of the cycle of reincarnation? | you are where you deserved to be and the only way to improve you a lot in the next cycle of existence is to accept your current station and its attending duties | 62 | |
| 8496820471 | What does the literature of the Vedic Age reveal about the role of women? | intelligent young women are valued in society | 63 | |
| 8496820472 | Explain the cycle reincarnation | when you die, if you have done good then you will be rewarded in the next life and vice versa | 64 | |
| 8496820473 | Siddhartha Gautama articulated the Four Noble Truths, which taught that | all suffering came from desire | 65 | |
| 8496820474 | What is the ultimate spiritual reward in Buddhism? | Nirvana | 66 | |
| 8496820475 | What does the religion of Hinduism emphasize? | worshipped personal devotion | 67 | |
| 8496820476 | After converting to Buddhism, the Mauryan leader Ashoka became a unique leader because | of his brutality | 68 | |
| 8496820477 | How did Southeast Asia first rise to prominence? | its intermediate role in the trade exchange between Southern and Eastern Asia | 69 | |
| 8496820478 | What is the most enduring effect of the Silk Road? | spread of ideas, products, and customs | 70 | |
| 8496820479 | What military technologies did the Silk Road spread? | stirrup | 71 | |
| 8496820480 | Why is the monsoon important to the Indian Ocean Trade? | the winds facilitate sailing across the Indian Ocean | 72 | |
| 8496820481 | What is the difference between the Indian Ocean trade and the Mediterranean trade? | the Greeks and Phoenicians had control of the trade | 73 | |
| 8496820482 | Why was trade across the Sahara accelerated? | the want for salt and gold | 74 | |
| 8496820483 | The West African kingdom of Ghana was established because of the trade in | 500 | 75 | |
| 8496820484 | The African network of cultural exchange can be described as | done through trade | 76 | |
| 8496820485 | Describe the most common African form of agriculture | -North Africa= farm animal and crop -South Africa= sweet potatoes and no farm animals | 77 | |
| 8496820486 | How is the custom of eating pork an example of spreading ideas? | the Egyptians spreading the idea of no pork to the Israelites | 78 | |
| 8496820487 | The Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade fostered the spread of which religion? | Buddhism | 79 | |
| 8496820488 | How is Manichaeism similar to Zoroastrianism? | Mani, the founder of Manichaeism, preached dualist faith a struggle between God and Evil-theologically derived from Zoroastranism | 80 | |
| 8496820489 | Why is Mecca an important city? | Mecca rapidly achieved a measure of prosperity, partly because it was too far from the Byzantine Syria, Sasanian Iraq, and Ethiopian controlled Yemen for them to attack it -also a cult center where the Ka' ba a cubical shrine for Islam is located | 81 | |
| 8496820490 | How did Muhammad conceive Islam? | was meditating in the mountains and the angel Gabriel spoke to him and he believed that they were the words of God | 82 | |
| 8496820491 | Muhammad's teachings seem to be in agreement with what two main religions? | Judaism and Christianity | 83 | |
| 8496820492 | What happened to the Muslim community after Muhammad's death? | -split into three sects: Sunni, Shiite, and Sufis -Shiite believed Ali was the rightful successor to Muhammad -Sunni believed that the first 3 caliphs after Muhammad were correctly picked | 84 | |
| 8496820493 | Under the leadership of the caliphs, an enormous expansion was completed, including territory in | Syria, Egypt, Spain, Tunisia | 85 | |
| 8496820494 | What is one of the false assumptions about Muslim rule over foreign lands? | that the Arabs sought to force their faith on the people the conquered | 86 | |
| 8496820495 | Why is the Abbasid rule considered a golden age? | many currents of theology and law were translated into Arabic and other languages, their coins were highly valued and they intellectually developed | 87 | |
| 8496820496 | How did Umayyad Spain develop a distinctive Islamic culture? | cut off from the rest of the Islamic world by the Strait of Gibraltar and, from 740 onward, by independent city-states in Morocco and Algeria, Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic vulture blending Roman, Germanic, and Jewish traditions with those of the Arabs and berbers | 88 | |
| 8496820497 | Under Islamic leadership, the Jewish people of Spain | some of the greatest writers and thinkers in Jewish history worked in Muslim Spain in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, sometimes writing in Arabic, sometimes writing in Hebrew | 89 | |
| 8496820498 | What happened to the Western Roman Empire after the fall of Rome in the fifth century? (252) | it fragmented into a handful of kingdoms under Germanic rulers-- the Franks, Visigoths, Saxon, Angles | 90 | |
| 8496820499 | Why is the traditional description of Europe from 300 to 1200 as feudal an oversimplification? | relations between landowners and serfs or between lords and vassals varied a good deal from region to region and over the course of time -yet military security was a constant concern in most parts of Europe | 91 | |
| 8496820500 | Feudal society was a specifically European response to | -landholding and military obligation; each increase in armor for Knights and horses entailed a greater financial outlay -since land was the basis of all wealth, it rapidly became impossible for anyone to serve as a knight who didn't have financial support from land revenues -accordingly, many kings began to awards armed services with grants of land from their own property -nobles did the same thing to build up their own military | 92 | |
| 8496820501 | What sole institution claimed jurisdiction over a large segment of the European population? | Christian church | 93 | |
| 8496820502 | Secular rulers such as Charlemagne upheld papal rights in return for what? | in return for religious legitimization of his rule | 94 | |
| 8496820503 | What are some practices connected with monasticism? | Celibacy, continual devotion to prayer, and living apart from society | 95 | |
| 8496820504 | Define caesaropapism | Eastern emperors inherited Roman law intact and, exercising an authority known as caesaropapism, combining both the imperial and the papal, made a comfortable transition into the role of all-powerful Christian monarchs | 96 | |
| 8496820505 | How did the Byzantines differ from their western counterparts? | Roman emperors in the East retained many imperial traditions and outlooks that disappeared in the west | 97 | |
| 8496820506 | Why is the Byzantine Corpus Juris Civilis important in the late eleventh century? | late eleventh century, it began to be studied at the University of Bologna and became the basis for the civil law in western Europe as well | 98 | |
| 8496820507 | Although the Crusades are viewed as a religious campaign, they were actually motivated by what? | Muslims taking over the religious holy land of Jerusalem which the Christians believed was their, desire for trade in Muslim land | 99 | |
| 8496820508 | Which empire reunited China in the sixth century? | Sui | 100 | |
| 8496820509 | Why is the Tang Empire considered cosmopolitan? | its "breadth and diversity" | 101 | |
| 8496820510 | Explain the tributary system | it was a practice beginning in Han times in which independent countries acknowledged the supreme power in China and paid tribute to the capital in order to remain culturally independent | 102 | |
| 8496820511 | The Tang court gave women permission to | ...exercise greater influence in the management of property, of arts, and politics | 103 | |
| 8496820512 | Who did the Tang blame most for growing instability in the Empire? | Buddhism and its followers | 104 | |
| 8496820513 | When the Tibetan government attempted to eradicate monasteries, Tibetan Buddhists responded by | assassinating the king and the control of the Tibetan Royalty was passed into the lands of religious leaders | 105 | |
| 8496820514 | Why did the Song institute the civil service examinations for entrance into the government bureaucracy? | given the continuous military peril and vigor of the Song, their responses to military action needed some civil intellectual men to make decisions | 106 | |
| 8496820515 | The development of movable type and the availability of printed material had what impact on China? | It lead to cheaper printing which lead to mass production of civil service exam preparation books | 107 | |
| 8496820516 | On the basis of present evidence, most scholars believe that the first unification of central Japan occurred when | horse riding Korean warriors united the small countries of Japan under a central government in 4th or 5th century CE | 108 | |
| 8496820517 | What evidence show that women enjoyed greater status in Korea and Vietnam? | they helped in wet rice cultivation and led resistance invading Hans in Vietnam | 109 | |
| 8496820518 | Define Chinampas | A type of Mesoamerican agriculture which used small, rectangular areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico | 110 | |
| 8496820519 | How did the Maya's build their monuments? | Masses of men and women aided only by levelers and stone tools cut and carried construction materials and lifted them into place | 111 | |
| 8496820520 | What was the role of Maya women? | Maintained essential garden plots and weaving and management of family life | 112 | |
| 8496820521 | How did the Aztecs meet the challenges of feeding a growing population? | By efficiently organizing the labor of clans and additional laborers sent by defeated peoples to expand agricultural land | 113 | |
| 8496820522 | The twin temples of Tenochtitlan symbolize the two bases of what Aztec economy? | It symbolized the two bases of the Aztec economy: war and agriculture | 114 | |
| 8496820523 | As sacrificial victims, Aztecs preferred | war victims | 115 | |
| 8496820524 | Inca prosperity and military strength depended on what? | Vast herds of llamas and alpacas for food and transportation | 116 | |
| 8496820525 | How did the Inca ensure the loyalty of defeated regions? | the rulers of defeated regions were required to send their heirs to live at the Inca royal court in Cuzco | 117 | |
| 8496820526 | Inca's greatest accomplishment is the construction of what? | roads | 118 | |
| 8496820527 | Who or what were the acllas? | young virgin girl selected by representatives of the Inca ruler to serve the cult of the Sun or be given as marriage partners | 119 | |
| 8496820528 | What were the advantages of Mongol rule? | The mongols unified much of the Eurasian land mass. The promoted the movement of people and ideas from one end of Eurasia to the other. Specialized skill developed. Trade routes improved. Marinets expanded. Silk road reappeared | 120 | |
| 8496820529 | Describe what Mongol warriors were well known for | Mongols = nomads -superb riders -could shoot arrows from a moving horse -moved w families and possessions -if disagreed w a decision they would go off on their own | 121 | |
| 8496820530 | Why were the Mongols able to defeat the armies they faced? | (not large) had extraordinary abilities on horseback and special properties of their bows | 122 | |
| 8496820531 | What effects did the Mongol expansion have on trade? | it widened the flow of goods, knowledge, and disease | 123 | |
| 8496820532 | Define Tax farming | -government sold tax-collecting contracts to small corporations (mostly owned by merchants) -the winners of the contracts generate revenue for the government and the groups could collect the money and whatever way they'd like along with keep the leftovers | 124 | |
| 8496820533 | Who was the last great Central Asian conqueror? | Timur (1370-1408) | 125 | |
| 8496820534 | The sharing of artistic trends and political ideas between Iran and China led to | an illusion in the eye of the Europeans that the east of the Mediterranean shore was an "orient" that was uniform in its tastes and political cultures | 126 | |
| 8496820535 | The Mongols took what action against Russia's Orthodox church? | granted great privileges to them which helped reconcile the Russian people to their distant Mongol masters | 127 | |
| 8496820536 | Describe the setup of the Mongol army | Teutonic knights colonized their conquered territories commanders = mongols | 128 | |
| 8496820537 | What did the Europeans learn from the Mongols? | -Europeans gave their first systematic knowledge of Eurasian geography, cultural patterns, natural resources, and commerce -learned about diplomatic passports, mining/ uses of coal , gunpowder, cannons, movable type, high-temp metallurgy, enumeration and math | 129 | |
| 8496820538 | How did Khubilai Khan acknowledge the advantages of Chinese traditions | Confucianism helped him gain power so he would often utilize it in public speeches/ family upbringing (son) | 130 | |
| 8496820539 | At the time of the Mongol conquest, much of China was controlled by regional regimes, and the Mongols | -destroyed the regional regimes and encouraged the restoration/ preservation of many features of Chinese government/society creating a reunited China | 131 | |
| 8496820540 | How did the Mongol's create central control over China? | -created a coinage -encouraged restoration/preservation of gov/culture -cultural tolerance/diffusion -practice of medicine/knowledge -moved capital to Beijing | 132 | |
| 8496820541 | To demonstrate their rejection of the Mongols, the Ming emperor | moved capital to Nanjing, severed relations with the Middle East and Central Asia and closed the borders to foreigners | 133 | |
| 8496820542 | How did Emperor Yongle restore commercial links with the Middle East? | sought to establish a connection by sea | 134 | |
| 8496820543 | Why did technological development slow down in the Ming period? | a shift in the career patterns of educated men because they reactivated the civil service exam | 135 | |
| 8496820544 | Why did the Chinese rigorously censor information to foreigners? | due to a fear of technology transfer | 136 | |
| 8496820545 | What influence did the Mongols have on Korea? | -had a revitalized interest in the vernacular language and history -created new advancements and brought new knowledge -military techniques | 137 | |
| 8496820546 | What led to the rise of literacy in Korea? | -a movable type printing technology -legibility improved and the printing was more rapid | 138 | |
| 8496820547 | What prevented the Mongols from invading Japan? | -weather on Hanata Bay (a storm prevented establishment of a base) -the creation of wall fortifications | 139 | |
| 8496820548 | The spread of Islam to lands south of the Sahara came about through | gradual and peaceful conversion | 140 | |
| 8496820549 | What purpose did Mansa Musa's famous pilgrimage serve | -to fulfill his personal duty as a Muslim -to show off the exceptional wealth of his empire | 141 | |
| 8496820550 | The Turkish conquest of northern India was aided by what? | -a wish to spread their islamic faith -advanced weaponry/ united front | 142 | |
| 8496820551 | Sultan Iltutmish passed his empire to Raziya, his what? | daughter | 143 | |
| 8496820552 | How did the Delhi Sultans control their empire in India? | harsh military reprisals and high taxes | 144 | |
| 8496820553 | The Indian Ocean trade was decentralized and cooperative and it was united by | commercial interest | 145 | |
| 8496820554 | The cultural blending associated with the expansion and spread of Islam from 1200 to 1500 can be seen by examining | the many changes in the social and cultural life of the tropical peoples | 146 | |
| 8496820555 | What did the spread of Islam between 1200 and 1500 encourage? | education, literacy, paper making, memorization/recitation | 147 | |
| 8496820556 | How did Islam spread in Africa and Asia? | -result of conquest, missionaries, merchants -by example and persuasion rather than force -along regional trade routes -through marriage | 148 | |
| 8496820557 | What was the impact of Islam on women in the tropical regions? | difficult to judge how the spread affected the status , did much of the farm work, spinning etc. | 149 | |
| 8496820558 | Describe the life of serfs | -serfs were obligated to till the soil on large estates owned by the nobility -in return for the use of a portion of their lord's land, serfs had to give their lord share of harvests and preform numerous labor services -they worked hard for meager returns -suffered from effects of famine, epidemics, warfare, and social exploitation | 150 | |
| 8496820559 | How many people did the Black Death kill? | 1/3 of population | 151 | |
| 8496820560 | What was the social result of the Black Death epidemic? | -skilled and manual laborers who survived demanded higher pay -peasants rose up against wealthy nobles and church men -serfdom disappeared in western Europe as peasants bought their freedom or ran away -welfare of rural masses generally improved -gap between rich and poor remained | 152 | |
| 8496820561 | In 1492, the Jews and Muslims of Spain were | -expelled in the name of religious and ethnic purity -subject to violent religious persecutions like expulsion during the Black Death | 153 | |
| 8496820562 | Which of the following is most true of guilds? | -an association of craft specialists that regulated the business practices of its members and the prices they charges -trained apprentices; kept interests of families that were already members and perpetuated male dominance of most skilled jobs | 154 | |
| 8496820563 | The Latin Church condemned usury, which was the practice of what? | charging interest | 155 | |
| 8496820564 | Define Scholasticism | efforts to synthesize reason and faith-theologians sought to synthesize rediscovered philosophical ones of Aristotle and commentaries by Avicenna which revealed the truth of the Bible | 156 | |
| 8496820565 | In 1215, King John of England signed the Magna Carta, which entailed | -affirmed that monarchs were subject to established law -confirmed the independence of the church and the city of London -guaranteed nobles' hereditary rights | 157 | |
| 8496820566 | Who is Joan of Arc? | -young peasant French woman who believed she was instructed by God to save France during the Hundred Years War -rallied the French troops stopping the English that was close conquering France-turning point for France in war and continued to win after she was burned at stake by English | 158 | |
| 8496820567 | What powers did the English Parliament possess by 1500? | -had become a permanent check on royal power: the house of Lords contained all the great nobles and English Church officials -House of Commons represented the towns and leading citizens of the counties | 159 | |
| 8496820568 | Why was Sailing in the Indian Ocean less difficult and dangerous than other places? | -others has sailed it since ancient times and land masses of SE Asia and E Africa provided coasts that seafarers might safely follow and coves for protection -monsoons (seasonal winds) were stable and steady | 160 | |
| 8496820569 | How did the rise of Medieval Islam give trade in the Indian Ocean an important boost? | -the great Muslim cities of M.E. provided demand for valuable commodities -Muslims traders created networks that tied the region together and Muslim traders shared a common language, ethic, and law that spread their religion and distant trading cities | 161 | |
| 8496820570 | Why did the Ming court suspend the voyages of Zheng He? | high chinese officials opposed increased contact with peoples who they regarded as barbarians with no contribution to China and they focused their attention on internal matters in China left by the Mongols | 162 | |
| 8496820571 | What two nations began a maritime revolution that profoundly altered the course of world history? | portugal and spain | 163 | |
| 8496820572 | An important addition to the maritime revolution was | -learning how to return speedily to Portugal by sailing northwest into the Atlantic to the latitude of the Azores -ships could pick up prevailing winds that could blow them back- the knowledge on ocean winds helped explorers discover many other ocean routes | 164 | |
| 8496820573 | Who was the first Portuguese explorer to reach the southern tip of Africa and view the Indian Ocean? | Bartolomeo Dias | 165 | |
| 8496820574 | What was Magellan's westward voyage intended to do? | complete Columbus's interrupted west-ward voyage by sailing around the Americas and across the Pacific | 166 | |
| 8496820575 | What is the difference between the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire? | -spanish = vast territorial land empire -portuguese = trading sea based empires in Africa and Asia | 167 | |
| 8496820576 | Spanish capture of the Aztec capital was assisted by what? | cavalry charges and steel swords and gaining the support of thousands of Amerindian allies from among the unhappy subjects of the Aztecs- also disease (small pox) | 168 | |
| 8496820577 | How did Francisco Pizarro defeat the Inca Empire? | -captured and held Inca emperor Atahualpa and used their cannon to create confusion while their swords sliced the emperor's retainers and servants -killed the emperor and continued to conquer and loot the rest of the empire | 169 |
