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| 11755721942 | Venus Figurines | Small sculptures of women typically with exaggerated sexual features. Sculptures believed to have a deep interest in fertility and have interest of fecundity and the generation of new life. They were named after the goddess of love. Important because they depicted the importance of fertility and reproduction in early societies. | 0 | |
| 11755715107 | Invention of Agriculture | Because of the Ice Age the Earth was colder and drier (arid) so there were random temperatures and amounts of rainfall. Agriculture was almost impossible until 15,000 years ago. Women started to cultivate food instead of forage and men began to capture and domesticate animals. In southwest Asia, 9000 BCE, people started cultivated wheat and barley while domestication sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle. Important because it allowed people to build permanent settlement, led to population growth, improved life expectancy, and reliable food source. Eventually led to more specialized society (people could focus on other crafts rather than scavenge for food). | 1 | |
| 11755731770 | Catal Huyuk | Located in South Central Anatolia (modern day Turkey) that was occupied from 7250-5400 BCE until it was abandoned. It grew to house 5,000 people and became a prominent village due to obsidian deposits that were throughout eastern Mediterranean region. Had many jobs and traded pottery, metallurgy, textile, and specialized labor. Important because it was the center of trade and depicted a society with specialized labor. | 2 | |
| 11755742449 | Hittites | In 1900 BCE they migrated to the central plain of Anatolia. During the 17th and 16th centuries BCE they built a powerful kingdom and strong relations. in 1595 BCE they toppled the Babylonian empire. They constructed light, horse, war chariots with spoked wheels and refined iron. Excellent horsemen. Adapted cuneiform to their Indo-European language. Imported because they sponsored the use and expansion of light, speedy war chariots and iron metallurgy. | 3 | |
| 11755742450 | Phoenicians | Occupied narrow coastal plain between the Mediterranean Sea and the Lebanon Mountains. Spoke Semitic language and called themselves Canaanites (because they lived in the land of Canaan). Influenced societies throughout the Mediterranean basin because of maritime trade and communication networks. Due to poor land, about 2500 BCE, they turned to industry and trade, exporting cedar wood and red and purple dye. By 1500 BCE they had devised an alphabetic script with 22 symbols and had lots of good ships. Excellent sailors. Important because they dominated Mediterranean trade and used the Mediterranean to influence other societies. Spread their alphabetic script to other societies. | 4 | |
| 11755749827 | Epic of Gilgamesh | Made Gilgamesh the greatest hero of ancient Mesopotamia. It said the gods gave Gilgamesh the perfect body, superhuman strength, and courage. Told about adventures of him and his friend Enkidu. Reflected interest and concerns of the complex urban-based society emerging in Mesopotamia. Explored themes of friendship, loyalty, ambition, relations between humans and the gods, the meaning of life, and the inevitability of death. Important because they were the principal vehicles for Mesopotamian reflections on moral issues. | 5 | |
| 11755759095 | Hyksos | "Foreign rulers." Brought horses and chariots to Egypt. Semitic people that were horse-riding nomads. Conquered Egypt in 1674 BCE and levied tribute until disgruntled nobles led a rebellion and pushed them out. Important because they provided Egypt with advanced military technology. | 6 | |
| 11755763230 | Akhenaton | Previously called Pharaoh Amenhotep IV (reigned 1353-1335 BCE). Champion of the god Aten. Aten posed challenges to the cult of Amon-Re because they were both associated with the sun. Akhenaton considered Aten to be the only true god. Important because he supported one of the earliest forms of monotheism. | 7 | |
| 11756881181 | Kush | After their kingdom of Ta-Seti was destroyed by Egyptians, the Nubians moved farther south to Upper Nubia to concentrate on political organization. They formed the Kush kingdom with its capital at Kerma. Not as powerful as Egypt, but still powerful and wealthy. The Kush served as mercenaries in Egyptian armies, married Egyptian women, and often assimilated into Egyptian society. Egypt eventually conquered the Kush, but the Kush soon formed a new Kush kingdom with its capital at Napata. This new kingdom was powerful enough to invade Egypt and ruled until the Assyrians arrived. Important because they produced and distributed iron and iron metallurgy techniques. They also depicted specialized society and the development of large cities in Ancient Africa. They also played a prominent role in Ancient African trade. | 8 | |
| 11756887845 | Mohenjo-Daro | Located on the Indus River Valley. Result of agricultural surpluses in India. Did not dominate the Indus River Valley through force, but their influence was widespread. Population of 35,000-40,000. City walls, fortified citadel, large granary, marketplaces, temples, public buildings, extensive residential districts, broad streets, and a large pool. Important because it aided standardization of the Indus River Valley civilizations, stimulated trade, and represented the development of complex societies in Ancient India. | 9 | |
| 11756891493 | Vedas | 10 | ||
| 11756894581 | Upanishads | 11 | ||
| 11756894582 | Loess | 12 | ||
| 11756899347 | Mandate of Heaven | 13 | ||
| 11756907671 | Period of Warring States | 14 | ||
| 11756907672 | Lapita | 15 | ||
| 11756916971 | Teotihuacan | 16 | ||
| 11756916972 | Popol Vuh | 17 | ||
| 11756922214 | Satrapies | 18 | ||
| 11756926093 | Zoroastrianism | 19 | ||
| 11756930515 | Qanat | 20 | ||
| 11756935044 | Confucius | 21 | ||
| 11756939763 | Legalism | 22 | ||
| 11756939764 | Qin Shihuangdi | 23 | ||
| 11756956160 | Ashoka | 24 | ||
| 11756960019 | Jainism | 25 | ||
| 11756965291 | Siddhartha Gautama | 26 | ||
| 11756968991 | Polis | 27 | ||
| 11756968992 | Solon | 28 | ||
| 11756975002 | Pericles | 29 | ||
| 11756975003 | Tribunes | 30 | ||
| 11756979222 | Punic Wars | 31 | ||
| 11756979223 | Pax Romana | 32 | ||
| 11756986066 | Monsoon System | 33 | ||
| 11756986067 | Silk Roads | 34 | ||
| 11756991821 | Constantine | 35 | ||
| 11756991822 | Grand Canal | 36 | ||
| 11756997536 | Equal-Field System | 37 | ||
| 11756997537 | Fast-Ripening Rice | 38 | ||
| 11757002632 | Five Pillars | 39 | ||
| 11757002633 | Caliph | 40 | ||
| 11757007487 | Al-Andalus | 41 | ||
| 11757007488 | Emporia | 42 | ||
| 11757012169 | Funan | 43 | ||
| 11757012170 | Delhi Sultanate | 44 | ||
| 11757015297 | Caesaropapism | 45 | ||
| 11757020502 | Theme System | 46 | ||
| 11757024996 | Battle of Tours | 47 | ||
| 11757024997 | Shamans | 48 | ||
| 11757029932 | Chinggis Khan | 49 | ||
| 11757034869 | Ilkhanate | 50 | ||
| 11757034870 | Kin-Based Society | 51 | ||
| 11757038423 | Kilwa | 52 | ||
| 11757043084 | Zanj Revolt | 53 | ||
| 11757043085 | Guilds | 54 | ||
| 11757047867 | Scholasticism | 55 | ||
| 11757047868 | Reconquista | 56 | ||
| 11757051439 | Chinampa | 57 | ||
| 11757051440 | Quipu | 58 | ||
| 11757056854 | Cahokia | 59 | ||
| 11757064029 | Bubonic Plague | 60 | ||
| 11757067453 | Yongle | 61 | ||
| 11757067454 | Renaissance | 62 |
