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| 12365490021 | The stone age(Neolithic) | 10,000 BCE. This point coincides with the retreat of the glaciers after the Pleistocene ice ages and the start of the Holocene Epoch. Archaeological evidence indicates that the transition from food-collecting cultures to food-producing ones gradually occurred across Asia and Europe from a starting point in the Fertile Crescent. The first evidence of cultivation and animal domestication in southwestern Asia has been dated to roughly 9500 BCE, which suggests that those activities may have begun before that date. | 0 | |
| 12365517584 | Stone Age (Paleolithic) | 2.58 million to 11,700 years ago. ancient cultural stage of human technological development, characterized by the creation and use of rudimentary chipped stone tools. These included simple pebble tools (rock shaped by the pounding of another stone to produce tools with a serrated crest that served as a chopping blade), hand adzes (tools shaped from a block of stone to create a rounded butt and a single-bevel straight or curved cutting edge), stone scrapers, cleavers, and points. Such tools were also made of bone and wood. The Paleolithic Period was also characterized by the manufacture of small sculptures (e.g., carved stone statuettes of women, clay figurines of animals, and other bone and ivory carvings) and paintings, incised designs, and reliefs on cave walls. | 1 | |
| 12365521371 | hunter-gatherer societies | An early society in which men hunted for meat and women gathered more readily available food | 2 | |
| 12365521372 | Gender division of labor | Labor divided between man and woman, hunting and gathering etc. | 3 | |
| 12365525203 | Neolithic Revolution | (10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization. | 4 | |
| 12365528520 | Pastoralism | developed at various sites in the grasslands of Afro-Eurasia because these places supported large mobile herds and nomadic lifestyle but not farming or cities. | 5 | |
| 12365551689 | Specialization of Labor | The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work | 6 | |
| 12365551690 | Cultural diffusion | The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another | 7 | |
| 12365556837 | social stratification | the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy | 8 | |
| 12365629007 | Metallurgy | the branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification. | 9 | |
| 12365629008 | Vedism | dominated India since around 1500 BCE, a religious crisis arose after 700 BCE.; Growing discontent with the priestly brahmins, who taught that only through unquestioning obedience to them could worshippers be reincarnated into better lives. | 10 | |
| 12365634551 | Zoroastrianism | One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia. Founded in the 6th century by Zoroaster noun | 11 | |
| 12365662524 | Shamamanism | a practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to perceive and interact with what they believe to be a spirit world and channel these transcendental energies into this world. | 12 | |
| 12365666358 | Ancestor veneration | Veneration of the dead or ancestor reverence is based on the beliefs that the dead have a continued existence, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living, the worship of deceased ancestors. Found especially in china | 13 | |
| 12365670720 | Andean cultures | In the Andes of South America, the Norte Chico people developed what historians now believe was a full-fledged civilization about 3000 BCE; no writing, but used quipu; lasted from about 3000 to 1800 BCE and passed elements of their culture to future civs: Chavin, Moche, Nazca, and Inca | 14 | |
| 12365672644 | Judaism | the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud | 15 | |
| 12365739108 | Hinduism | a major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia, developed from Vedic religion. A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms | 16 | |
| 12365739109 | Buddhism | Belief system that started in India in the 500s BC. Happiness can be achieved through removal of one's desires. Believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering. | 17 | |
| 12365744211 | Confucianism | A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct. | 18 | |
| 12365747592 | Daoism | philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events | 19 | |
| 12365747593 | Syncretism | The unification or blending of opposing people, ideas, or practices, frequently in the realm of religion. For example, when Christianity was adopted by people in a new land, they often incorporate it into their existing culture and traditions. | 20 | |
| 12365757195 | Qin Dynasty | (221-207 BCE) The first centralized dynasty of China that used Legalism as its base of belief. (United China) | 21 | |
| 12365760872 | Han Dynasty | (202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; Han rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity | 22 | |
| 12365763924 | Persian Empire | Greatest empire in the world up to 500 BCE. Spoke an Indo-European language. A multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. Fell to Alexander the Great. | 23 | |
| 12365763925 | Mauryan Empire | (321-185 BCE) This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya. | 24 | |
| 12365769547 | Gupta Empire | (320-550 CE) The decentralized empire that emerged after the Mauryan Empire, and whose founder is Chandra Gupta. | 25 | |
| 12365769548 | Satraps | Persian administrators, usually members of the royal family, who governed a satrapy. | 26 | |
| 12365778247 | Ancient Greece | 500 BC - Hellenic civilization- thirst for knowledge and truth-established temples for rest and restoration - priests cared for sick-Hippocrates 460 BC was a physician and teacher and adopted assessment and observation and record keeping | 27 | |
| 12365785610 | Alexander the Great | Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. | 28 | |
| 12365788692 | Roman Republic | The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. | 29 | |
| 12365788693 | Roman Empire | Existed from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquiered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity. | 30 | |
| 12365792925 | Teotihuacan | A powerful city-state in central Mexico (100-75 C.E.). Its population was about 150,000 at its peak in 600. | 31 | |
| 12365792926 | Pax Romana | A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180. | 32 | |
| 12365797131 | Mita System | economic system in Incan society where people paid taxes with their labor and what they produced | 33 | |
| 12365797132 | Trans-Saharan Trade | route across the sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels played a huge role in the trading | 34 | |
| 12365803248 | Silk Roads | A system of ancient caravan routes across Central Asia, along which traders carried silk and other trade goods. Also facilitated the spread of Buddhism and Islam. | 35 | |
| 12365808452 | Feudalism | the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection. | 36 | |
| 12365824238 | Dark Ages | The first part of the Middle Ages from around 500-1000 A.D. | 37 | |
| 12365824239 | The crusades | A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule. | 38 | |
| 12365831085 | The Black Death | A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351 | 39 | |
| 12365831086 | Scholasticism | A philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in the thirteenth century. | 40 | |
| 12365840091 | Movable-type | blocks of metal or wood, each bearing a single character, that can be arranged to make up a page for printing | 41 | |
| 12365840092 | The renaissance | "rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome | 42 | |
| 12365848141 | Hundred Years War | War between France and Britain, lasted 116 years, mostly a time of peace, but it was punctuated by times of brutal violence (1337 to 1453) | 43 | |
| 12365848142 | Magna Carta | (1215) a charter of liberties (freedoms) that King John "Lackland" of Englad was forced to sign; it made the king obey the same laws as the citizens of his kingdom | 44 | |
| 12365855615 | The Vikings | Scandinavian peoples whose sailors raided Europe from the 700s through the 1100s | 45 | |
| 12365855616 | Reconquista | The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492. | 46 | |
| 12365859607 | Urbanization | An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements. | 47 | |
| 12365863249 | Mohammed | 570-632. Born in Mecca, died in Medina. Founder of Islam. Regarded by Muslims as a prophet of God. Teachings make up the Qu'ran, the Muslim holy book. | 48 | |
| 12365867204 | Sunni-Shiite Split | Muhammad named no religious heir, which sparked an age-old argument on who was his rightful heir. The Shiites believed that Muhammad's cousin, Ali, should be the next caliph, because he was his heir by blood. The Sunnis believed that Abu Bakr, Muhammad's close friend, should be the next caliph because he surpassed others in wisdom and piety. (Islam) | 49 | |
| 12365867205 | Abbasids | A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250. | 50 | |
| 12365873945 | Timbuktu | City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning. | 51 | |
| 12365873946 | Ottoman Empire | Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453-1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe. | 52 | |
| 12365878646 | The Mali Empire | Formed in 1240 when Sundiata took control of Ghana Empire. It controlled trade across Sahara, the South and the Niger River. | 53 | |
| 12365878647 | The Indian Ocean trade | connected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion. | 54 | |
| 12365886176 | Ship technology | Ship technology became more advanced, China invented the Junk Ships which traveled the Indian Ocean trade, Portuguese invented Caravel which assisted the Trans-Saharan trade by removing travel through the desert. The Lateen sail which was triangularlo shaped allowed sailing into the wind. | 55 | |
| 12365891376 | Polynesian Migrations | mariners with canoes who migrated to Hawaii, Samoa, Fiji, Tahiti, New Zealand, Marquesas, and Easter Island | 56 | |
| 12365900579 | European Exploration | voyages to new territories by European navigators in the 15th century, | 57 | |
| 12365903237 | Atlantic Slave Trade | Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. One part of a three-part economical system known as the Middle Passage of the Triangular Trade. | 58 | |
| 12365903238 | cash crop | a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower. | 59 | |
| 12365908808 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. | 60 | |
| 12438211698 | What was a main component of the Trans-Saharan trade route? | - Nomadic Berber traders in North Africa - the demand for salt - camel transportation - exchange of gold from west Africa (Mali empire) | 61 | |
| 12438211699 | What contribution did Alexander the Great have on the spread of Greek culture? | - built libraries with Greek literature in Asian areas of conquest - conquered cities and local culture assimilated with Greek culture - liberated Egypt from Persia rule and was welcomed as a god by the Egyptians | 62 | |
| 12438211700 | Where was the Olmec civilization located? | Mesoamerica | 63 | |
| 12438211701 | What was a major negative effect of the Silk Roads? | The spread of the plague to Europe as a result of the Mongols reopening the routes | 64 | |
| 12438211702 | Who wrote the first law code? | King Hammurabi | 65 | |
| 12438211703 | Define entrepôt city | A city which serves as a place for merchants to stay and sell goods while on trade voyages (Venice ex.) | 66 | |
| 12438211704 | Where did movable type originate? | Korea | 67 | |
| 12438211705 | Where did Buddhism originate? | India | 68 | |
| 12438211706 | Define indentured servitude | A labor system prominent in James town in the early seventeenth century which gave benefits ($ + land) to those (from England) who signed a contract for up to 10 years to provide labor | 69 | |
| 12438211707 | Where is the Yellow River located | North east China | 70 | |
| 12438211708 | Where was the Inca Empire located? | Western South America in the Andes mountains | 71 | |
| 12438211709 | Early civilizations were | Nomadic hunter-gatherers | 72 | |
| 12438211710 | What system was used to draft people into the military? | Conscription | 73 | |
| 12438211711 | What was the significance of the Battle of Tours | It prevented further Muslim expansion into Europe | 74 | |
| 12438211712 | What distinguishes Muslim architecture? | Minarets and domes | 75 | |
| 12438211713 | What is a direct democracy? | A democracy in which the power to govern lies directly in the hands of the people rather than being exercised through their representatives | 76 | |
| 12438211714 | Where is the Sahara Desert located? | Northern Africa | 77 |
