Terms : Hide Images
| 5690746910 | agricultural revolution | The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering | 0 | |
| 5690759300 | aristocracy | A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility | 1 | |
| 5690794089 | barbarian | a person belonging to a tribe or group that is considered uncivilized | 2 | |
| 5690798335 | brahmins | The priest class of Hinduism | 3 | |
| 5690811362 | bureaucracy | A system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials | 4 | |
| 5690821373 | cities | Served as centers of trade, public performance, and political administration (for example Athens, Carthage, and Teotihucan) | 5 | |
| 5690829074 | civilizations | a complex, organized society that has advanced cities, a government, religion, record keeping and writing, job specialization, social classes, and arts and architecture | 6 | |
| 5690835894 | complex institutions | law codes, religion, and an economy - they organized, united, and helped civilizations to prosper | 7 | |
| 5690843811 | currency | System of money | 8 | |
| 5690849180 | deity | a god; a divine being | 9 | |
| 5690853557 | democracy | A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 10 | |
| 5690859749 | dharma | In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties | 11 | |
| 5690863775 | diffusion | The spreading of other peoples ideas to different parts of the world. | 12 | |
| 5690874871 | diversified food supply | A varied selection of food readily available to a community | 13 | |
| 5690889268 | domesticated animals | Adapting animals for human use: Milk, meat, wool, and labor | 14 | |
| 5690900676 | dynastic cycle | the historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties | 15 | |
| 5690909760 | egalitarian | A person who believes in the equality of all people | 16 | |
| 5690920990 | legal codes | codes that maintain formal social control through laws | 17 | |
| 5690925205 | frontier | a zone where no state exercises complete political control | 18 | |
| 5690935437 | hunters and gatherers | people who survive by eating animals that they have caught or plants they have gathered | 19 | |
| 5693237321 | ice age | A period of extremely cold temperatures when part of the planet's surface was covered with massive ice sheets. | 20 | |
| 5693243157 | intensive cultivation | Any kind of agricultural activity that involves effective and efficient use of labor on small plots of land to maximize crop yield. | 21 | |
| 5693253770 | irrigation systems | A means of supplying land with water, usually in the form of channels, canals, and hoses | 22 | |
| 5693277933 | karma | The belief that actions in this life, whether good or bad, will decide your place in the next life. | 23 | |
| 5693288152 | mandate of heaven | A political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source | 24 | |
| 5693295458 | monogamy | Marriage to only one person at a time | 25 | |
| 5693301322 | pagan | A follower of a polytheistic religion | 26 | |
| 5693312446 | pastoralism | A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter. | 27 | |
| 5693318601 | patriarchy | a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line | 28 | |
| 5693323439 | polygamy | Having more than one spouse at a time | 29 | |
| 5693332030 | record keeping | Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information. | 30 | |
| 5693337020 | secular | Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters | 31 | |
| 5693341463 | sericulture | Silk farming | 32 | |
| 5693349105 | settled populations | A group of people with one permanent base camp, rather than a nomadic group. | 33 | |
| 5693356059 | slavery | A system of enforced servitude in which some people are owned by other people. | 34 | |
| 5693365672 | specialization of labor | The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work | 35 | |
| 5693369454 | surplus | A situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded | 36 | |
| 5693373089 | syncretism | The unification or blending of opposing people, ideas, or practices, frequently in the realm of religion. For example, when Christianity was adopted by people in a new land, they often incorporate it into their existing culture and traditions. | 37 | |
| 5693381375 | textiles | cloth items | 38 | |
| 5693389036 | theocracy | A government controlled by religious leaders | 39 | |
| 5693393262 | ancestor veneration | Worship and respect for ancestors | 40 | |
| 5693398569 | animism | Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life. | 41 | |
| 5693406069 | bodhisattva | a person who has attained enlightenment but who has postponed nirvana in order to help others achieve enlightenment | 42 | |
| 5693410106 | caste system | a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society | 43 | |
| 5693414495 | city-state | A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland. | 44 | |
| 5693419522 | codification | The act or process of rendering laws in written form | 45 | |
| 5693457995 | dao | A religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature. | 46 | |
| 5693461976 | diaspora | A dispersion of people from their homeland | 47 | |
| 5693466265 | enlightenment | A state of perfect wisdom | 48 | |
| 5693480108 | filial piety | In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors. | 49 | |
| 5693493699 | hellenistic | Of or influenced by the Greek Empire. A type of culture typically referred to after the conquests of Alexander the Great. | 50 | |
| 5693498058 | manifestations | a version of incarnation of something or someone | 51 | |
| 5693528070 | merchants | people who buy and sell goods | 52 | |
| 5693541366 | missionaries | people who work to spread their religious beliefs | 53 | |
| 5693545581 | monarchy | A government ruled by a king or queen | 54 | |
| 5693551842 | monastery | A place where communities of monks live lives of devotion to God in isolation from the outside world | 55 | |
| 5693556883 | monsoon winds | The seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter. (in India and nearby lands) the season during which the southwest monsoon blows, commonly marked by heavy rains; rainy season. any wind that changes directions with the seasons | 56 | |
| 5693566480 | rajas | leaders of ancient cities in India | 57 | |
| 5693578315 | reincarnation | In Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding | 58 | |
| 5693581900 | rents | servants on nobles' farms paid their landlords rents for the privilege of farming on their land | 59 | |
| 5693595589 | republic | A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting | 60 | |
| 5693603023 | rituals | Formal, ceremonial behaviors with a specific purpose and significance. | 61 | |
| 5693619522 | Sanskrit scriptures | An early Indo-European language, in which the Vedas were composed, beginning in the 2nd millennium B.C.E. It survived as the language of literature and the bureaucracy in India for centuries after its decline as a spoken tongue | 62 | |
| 5693628674 | scriptures | sacred writings | 63 | |
| 5693634843 | shamanism | tribal religion; involves community acceptance of a shaman, religious leader, healer, and worker of magic who can intercede with the spirit world | 64 | |
| 5693645574 | sinicization | The adoption and absorption by foreign people of Chinese language, customs and culture. To become more "Chinese" | 65 | |
| 5693652354 | social harmony | People with many ethnic or cultural differences living peacefully in mutual trust as a society | 66 | |
| 5693664736 | universal truths | three Buddhist concepts similar to the four noble truths | 67 | |
| 5693740520 | black death | A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351 | 68 | |
| 5693744633 | bushido | The Feudal Japanese code of honor among the warrior class. | 69 | |
| 5693757236 | caliphate | Islamic empire ruled by those believed to be the successors to the Prophet Muhammad. | 70 | |
| 5693764560 | chinampa | Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields. | 71 | |
| 5693769516 | chivalry | Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages | 72 | |
| 5693806546 | christendom | the worldwide body or society of Christians. | 73 | |
| 5693814590 | civil service exam system | examinations implemented in various countries for recruitment and admission to the civil service. They are intended as a method to achieve an effective, rational public administration on a merit system. | 74 | |
| 5693819701 | crusades | A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule. | 75 | |
| 5693830333 | dar al-islam | a term used by Muslims to refer to those countries where Muslims can practice their religion freely. | 76 | |
| 5693853073 | diffusion of scientific and tech. traditions | increase in global interaction led to spread of technology and great changes (printing and gunpowder, spread of cotton, sugar and citrus, turn of Greek science/technology to West Europe via Muslim al-Andalus in Iberia) | 77 | |
| 5693864295 | entrepot | Big commercial center for importing and exporting commodities. | 78 | |
| 5693876042 | feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land | 79 | |
| 5693894836 | fiefs | Pieces of land given to knights as payment | 80 | |
| 5693900371 | gentry | A general term for a class of prosperous families, sometimes including but often ranked below the rural aristocrats. | 81 | |
| 5694094935 | grand canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. | 82 | |
| 5694110570 | great warming period | The period from about 800 to 1300 in which global temperatures are thought to have been a few degrees warmer than those of the preceding and following periods. The climatic effects of this period were confined primarily to Europe and North America | 83 | |
| 5694116853 | griots | Professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings within the Mali Empire | 84 | |
| 5694123286 | guilds | Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests | 85 | |
| 5694873162 | hajj | Pilgrimage to Mecca | 86 | |
| 5694881890 | Hanseatic league | An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century. | 87 | |
| 5694903502 | khan | A Mongol ruler | 88 | |
| 5694909103 | little ice age | A century-long period of cool climate that began in the 1590s. Its ill effects on agriculture in northern Europe were notable. | 89 | |
| 5694915133 | manorialism | Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land. | 90 | |
| 5694927523 | mit'a | Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations. | 91 | |
| 5694938194 | neoconfucianism | Philosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought | 92 | |
| 5694956937 | nobility | A high-ranking social class | 93 | |
| 5694962884 | papacy | The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head. | 94 | |
| 5694966708 | quipu | An arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information. | 95 | |
| 5694974750 | samurai | Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land. | 96 | |
| 5694976175 | serfs | men of women who were the poorest members of society, peasants who worked the lord's land in exchange for protection | 97 | |
| 5694980888 | sharia | Islamic law; a combination of the Quran and the Hadith. | 98 | |
| 5694988893 | shiite | A group of Islamic religion that believes that its religious leader should be chosen based on heredity. | 99 | |
| 5694996130 | southernization | A series or process of developments (the idea of mathematics, spices, technologies, and cultivated products) that were first made in Southern Asia and then diffused to other places through trade and conquest | 100 | |
| 5695003026 | sufi | The branch of Islam that believes in a more mystical connection with Allah. | 101 | |
| 5695007095 | sultan | the sovereign of an Islamic country | 102 | |
| 5695026866 | sunni | "Traditionalists," the most popular branch of Islam; Sunnis believe in the legitimacy of the early caliphs, compared to the Shiite belief that only a descendent of Ali can lead. | 103 | |
| 5695037760 | swahili | a Bantu language widely used as a lingua franca in East Africa and having official status in several countries. | 104 | |
| 5695047044 | tax farming | the principle of assigning the responsibility for tax revenue collection to private citizens or groups. | 105 | |
| 5695063212 | terraces | step like ledges cut into mountains to make land suitable for farming | 106 | |
| 5695069331 | synthesized | to combine a number of things into a coherent whole | 107 | |
| 5695095753 | tributary system | A system in which, from the time of the Han Empire, countries in East and Southeast Asia not under the direct control of empires based in China nevertheless enrolled as tributary states, acknowledging the superiority of the emperors in China. | 108 | |
| 5695102629 | ulama | Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. | 109 | |
| 5695110523 | astrolabe | An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets | 110 | |
| 5695117938 | atlantic system | The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin. | 111 | |
| 5695129143 | Bartolomeu Dias | Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean. | 112 | |
| 5695142895 | British East India Trading company | One of the first publicly traded companies. It was a way to occupy and industrialize India and its surrounding continent in order to trade goods in Asia | 113 | |
| 5695164589 | Christopher Columbus | Incorrectly calculated the circumference of the globe, and gained Spanish support to travel west to Asia based on this. Believed he had reached islands off the coast of Asia, when he had actually reached the Caribbean. | 114 | |
| 5695169972 | caravel | A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic. | 115 | |
| 5695180806 | Columbian exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. | 116 | |
| 5695188460 | conquistadores | Spanish 'conqueror' or soldier in the New World. They were searching for the 3-G's: gold, God, and glory. | 117 | |
| 5695203935 | council of trent | a group of Catholic leaders that met between 1545 and 1563 to respond to Protestant challenges and direct the future of the Catholic Church | 118 | |
| 5695219531 | Dutch East India Trading company | Sovereign, extremely wealthy Dutch company that controlled trade in Indies | 119 | |
| 5695239052 | encomienda | A grant of authority over a population of Amerindians in the Spanish colonies. It provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor and periodic payments of goods by the Amerindians. It obliged the grant holder to Christianize the Amerindians. | 120 | |
| 5695253313 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese explorer who found a sea route to the Spice Island by sailing around the American continent. His crew was the first to circumnavigate the world. | 121 | |
| 5695266210 | joint stock exchange | business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits | 122 | |
| 5695271019 | Manila | a Spanish colony that connected the new world to Asian markets | 123 | |
| 5695398374 | peso de ocho | a widely used currency that allowed trade routes to connect with one another | 124 | |
| 5695411389 | Portugal | Country the the west of Spain; ruled by Henry the Navigator. One of the first two countries to lay claim to lands in the Americas. | 125 | |
| 5695435275 | Spanish galleons | powered entirely by wind, using sails carried on three or four masts, with a lateen sail continuing to be used on the last (usually third and fourth) masts. They were used in both military and trade applications | 126 | |
| 5695468078 | reformation | A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | 127 | |
| 5695475737 | Samuel de Champlain | French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec (1567-1635) | 128 | |
| 5695481182 | sikhism | A monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak. It is not a part of Islam or Hinduism. | 129 | |
| 5695487654 | sufism | Islamic mysticism | 130 | |
| 5695508387 | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. | 131 |
