chapters 6-15
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| 287790616 | Shoguns | military leaders of the Bakufu | 0 | |
| 287790617 | Gempei Wars | waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira | 1 | |
| 287790618 | Tale of Genji | Written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society | 2 | |
| 287790619 | Minamoto | Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12th century Japan | 3 | |
| 287790620 | bakufu | Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai | 4 | |
| 287790621 | bushi | regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies | 5 | |
| 287790622 | Sinification | Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam. | 6 | |
| 287790623 | Mongols | A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. | 7 | |
| 287790624 | White Lotus Society | Secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule | 8 | |
| 287790625 | tumens | Basic fighting units of the Mongol forces; consisted of 10,000 cavalrymen; each unit was further divided into units of 1000, 100 and 10. | 9 | |
| 287790626 | Golden Horde | Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam. Also known as the Kipchak Horde. | 10 | |
| 287790627 | khanates | Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan. | 11 | |
| 287790628 | khagan | title of the supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes. | 12 | |
| 287790629 | Ming Dynasty | A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia | 13 | |
| 287790630 | Chinggis Khan | born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227 prior to conquest of most of the Islamic world | 14 | |
| 287790631 | Baibars | (1223-1277) Commander of Mamluk forces at Ain Jalut in 1260; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians. | 15 | |
| 287790632 | Batu | ruler of the golden horde; one of Chinggis Khan's grandsons; responsible for the invasion of Russia beginning in 1236. | 16 | |
| 287790633 | Timur-I lang | Leader of Turkic nomads; beginning in 1360s from base at Samarkand, launched series of attacks in Persia, the Fertile Crescent, India, and southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405 | 17 | |
| 287790634 | manorialism | An economic system based on the manor and lands including a village and surrounding acreage which were administered by a lord. It developed during the Middle Ages to increase agricultural production. | 18 | |
| 287790635 | feudalism | a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service | 19 | |
| 287790636 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code | 20 | |
| 287790637 | Three-field system | a system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farm land was divided into three fields of equal size and each of these was successively planted with a winter crop, planted with a spring crop, and left unplanted. | 21 | |
| 287790639 | vassal | in the middle ages, a noble who usually was given a fief by his lord in exchange for loyalty | 22 | |
| 287790642 | Byzantine Empire | Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from 'Byzantion,' an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453. (250) | 23 | |
| 287790645 | Greek Fire | a mixture used by Byzantine Greeks that was often shot at adversaries, major technological innovation | 24 | |
| 287790648 | icons | religious images used by eastern christians to aid their devotions | 25 | |
| 287790651 | orthodox christianity | A branch of Christianity developed in the Byzantine Empire, after its split from the Roman Empire. It spread throughout the eastern Mediterranean and Russia. | 26 | |
| 287790653 | caste system | a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society | 27 | |
| 287790656 | Buddihsm | religion that developed out of Hinduism. Stresses moderation and nonviolence | 28 | |
| 287790659 | Hinduism | a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme beingof many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a | 29 | |
| 287790662 | Islam | the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran | 30 | |
| 287790665 | Ghana | the first West African kingdom based on the gold and salt trade | 31 | |
| 287790668 | Mali | Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade. | 32 | |
| 287790670 | Songhay | successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali | 33 | |
| 287790673 | juula | Malinke merchants; formed small partnerships to carry out trade throughout Mali empire; eventually spread throughout much of West Africa | 34 | |
| 287790676 | Sudanic States | kingdoms that developed during the height of Ghana's power, from the Senegal river to the Niger River. The states were ruled by a patriarch or council of elders. | 35 | |
| 287790679 | Timbuktu | Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning | 36 | |
| 287790682 | Sharia | body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life | 37 | |
| 287790684 | Caliph | The civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth | 38 | |
| 287790688 | Sunni | A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 39 | |
| 287790691 | Shitte | a member of one of the largest Muslims sects; Believed that descendants of Muhammad, his daughter & father-in-law should lead | 40 | |
| 287790694 | Crusades | a series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Westrn European Christians to reclain control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims | 41 | |
| 287790697 | Sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life | 42 | |
| 287790700 | Bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam. | 43 | |
| 287790702 | Umayyad Clan | Clan of Quaraysh tribe, founded Mecca, dominated politics and commerce, saw Muhammed as a threat to religion, unity, and power; forced Muhammed to flee | 44 | |
| 287790705 | Five Pillars of Islam | true Muslims were expected to follow (principle of Salvation): belief in Allah, pray 5 times a day, giving of alms, fasting during Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime | 45 | |
| 287790708 | Mawali | Non-Arab converts to Islam | 46 | |
| 287790711 | Dhimmi | Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus & Buddhists | 47 | |
| 287790714 | Abbasid Era | golden age in terms of land holdings, prosperity, and cultural flourishing, era ended with Ghengis Kahn. | 48 | |
| 287790716 | Muhammad | the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632) | 49 |
