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| 3692658121 | Paleolithic | Old Stone Age- period of Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans | 0 | |
| 3692665235 | Neolithic | New Stone Age- associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution, follows Paleolithic | 1 | |
| 3692687279 | Agricultural Revolution | ca. 8000- 2000 B.C.E. -the change from food gathering to food production( included the domestication of animals), also called Neolithic Revolution | 2 | |
| 3692706156 | Hunter-gathers | got most of their day-to-day nourishment from wild vegetable foods,hunted for meat | 3 | |
| 3692731480 | Semitic languages | spoken across parts of western Asia and northern Africa, they included Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Phoenician | 4 | |
| 3692795524 | Hammurabi | ruler of Babylon 1792-1750 B.C.E., conquered many city-states in Mesopotamia best known for Code of Hammurabi | 5 | |
| 3692814706 | cuneiform | a system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllable, originated in Mesopotamia | 6 | |
| 3693012935 | ziggurats | massive pyramid shaped tower made of mud bricks associated with ancient Mesopotamia | 7 | |
| 3693028629 | pharaohs | central figure in Egypt, believed to be the earthly manifestation of the gods | 8 | |
| 3693061707 | pyramids | large, triangular stone monument used as a burial place for the king | 9 | |
| 3693089260 | hieroglyphics | ancient form of writing or the Egyptians | 10 | |
| 3693214485 | papyrus | reed that grows along the Nile, used for making paper | 11 | |
| 3693226613 | Harappa | located in modern day Pakistan | 12 | |
| 3693275257 | Mohenjo-Daro | largest of the cities of the Indus Valley civilization; large scale construction, orderly grid of streets, and standardization of building materials are evidence of central planning | 13 | |
| 3694432459 | Shang Dynasty | ca. 1750-1045- written records | 14 | |
| 3694444748 | Zhou Dynasty | (early period)1045- 771 B.C.E. and 771-221 B.C.E.(later period)- took over from Shang and created concept of Mandate of Heaven | 15 | |
| 3694458546 | yin/yang | complementary factors that help maintain the equilibrium of the world | 16 | |
| 3694464594 | Mandate of Heaven | created by the Zhou, what gave the ruler of China his power, although it could be taken away | 17 | |
| 3694482277 | Confucianism | created by Chinese philosopher Confucius/Kongzi, filial piety | 18 | |
| 3694492917 | Daoism | created by Laozi/Lao Tzu, path or way | 19 | |
| 3694500462 | Kush | Egyptian name for Nubia, deeply influenced by Egyptian culture and coveted for its rich deposits of gold and luxury products | 20 | |
| 3694512016 | Meroe | capital of a flourishing kingdom from 4th cent. B.C.E.-4th cent. C.E. | 21 | |
| 3694521562 | Olmecs | first Mesoamerican civilization(1200-400 B.C.E.); great cultural influence on later Mesoamerican societies | 22 | |
| 3694538465 | Chavin | first major urban civilization in South America(900-250 B.C.E.) | 23 | |
| 3700414892 | Iron Age | time when iron was the primary metal for tools and weapons | 24 | |
| 3700419573 | Hittites | from central Anatolia, wealth from trade in metals and military based on chariot forces | 25 | |
| 3700447495 | Neo-Babylonian Empire | established under Chaldean, they destroy the First Temple in Jerusalem | 26 | |
| 3700466287 | Neo-Assyrian Empire | 900-600 B.C.E.; used force and terror tactics, preserved and continued the culture and scientific developments of Mesopotamian civilization | 27 | |
| 3700480467 | mass deportation | forcible removal and relocation of large numbers of people or entire populations; used by Assyrian and Persian Empires | 28 | |
| 3700492569 | Library of Ashurbanipal | assembled by Assyrian ruler Ashurbanipal; large collection of writings drawn from the ancient literary, religious, and scientific traditions of Mesopotamia | 29 | |
| 3700501498 | Israel | the land between the eastern shore of the Mediterranean and the Jordan River | 30 | |
| 3700515011 | monotheism | belief in the existence of a single divine entity | 31 | |
| 3700521005 | Diaspora | Greek "dispersal"; used to describe a given ethnic group living outside their homeland | 32 | |
| 3700541846 | Phoenicians | merchants and sailors explored the Med. and founded colonies including Carthage | 33 | |
| 3700545136 | Carthage | in present day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E.; became a major commercial center and naval power | 34 | |
| 3700568310 | Minoan Crete | prosperous people, exerted powerful cultural influences on early Greeks | 35 | |
| 3700588021 | Mycenaean Greece | highly urban cities because of trade, Linear B writing system | 36 | |
| 3700592001 | Linear B | a set of syllabic symbols used as an early form of Greek | 37 | |
| 3700552451 | Cyrus | 600-530 B.C.E.- founder of Achaemenid Persian Empire, revered by the people, he was tolerant of religion | 38 | |
| 3700608994 | Darius I | ca. 558-486 B.C.E.- 3rd ruler of Persian Empire, established a system of provinces and tribue, began construction of Persepolis, and expanded Persian control in east | 39 | |
| 3700700918 | satraps | the governor of a province in the Persian Empire, responsible for protection of the province and for forwarding tribute | 40 | |
| 3700708680 | Zoroastrianism | religion of the Achaemenid and Sasanid Persian Empires, focused on single benevolent deity | 41 | |
| 3700714239 | Persepolis | a complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes | 42 | |
| 3700758364 | polis | Greek "city-state", an urban center and the agricultural territory under its control | 43 | |
| 3700767556 | hoplites | heavily armored soldiers, Phalanx formation | 44 | |
| 3700773387 | tyrants | someone who seized and held power in violation of the normal procedures and traditions of the community | 45 | |
| 3700816311 | democracy | a system of government in which all "citizens" have equal political and legal rights, privileges, and protections | 46 | |
| 3700825092 | Herodotus | ca. 485-425- chronicled the Persian Wars | 47 | |
| 3700836725 | Persian Wars | conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire | 48 | |
| 3700841273 | Pericles | ca. 495-429- most influential person in Athens | 49 | |
| 3700855527 | trireme | Greek and Phoenician war ship, sleek and light, powered by 170 oars | 50 | |
| 3700862698 | Socrates | philosopher, accused of corrupting youth, forced to drink poison | 51 | |
| 3700869546 | Peloponnesian War | 431-404 B.C.E.- Athens strategy: hide behind walls and attack using navy- plague infested and eventually surrender Sparta's strategy: march to Athens and surround it | 52 | |
| 3700958459 | Alexander (the Great) | 356-323 B.C.E.- King of Macedonia, conquered Persian Empire, founded many Greek style cities and spread Greek culture | 53 | |
| 3700967351 | Alexandria | founded by Alexander, became the capital of the Ptolemies | 54 | |
| 3700973517 | Hellenism | the spread of Greek culture across western Asia and northeastern Africa | 55 | |
| 3700983332 | Ptolemies | Macedonian dynasty that ruled Egypt for 3 centuries | 56 | |
| 3703242234 | Republic | 507-31 B.C.E.- power resided in several assemblies, the votes of the wealthy citizens counted for more than the poor | 57 | |
| 3703280142 | Senate | a council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families, advised the king | 58 | |
| 3703304426 | patron/client relationships | social relationship where the patron(wealthy) provides legal and economic protection and assistance to clients(less wealthy) in exchange for political support | 59 | |
| 3703349192 | Principate | a term used to characterize Roman government in the first three centuries C.E. based on the ambiguous title princeps(first citizen) adopted by Augustus to conceal his military dictatorship | 60 | |
| 3703369138 | Augustus | 63 B.C.E.-14 C.E.- founder of the Roman Principate, laid the groundwork for several centuries of stability and prosperity in the Roman Empire | 61 | |
| 3703391337 | equites | prosperous Italian landowners, Roman emperors allied with this group to counterbalance the influence of the old aristocracy | 62 | |
| 3703403400 | Pax Romana | "Roman peace", stability and prosperity in Roman Empire allowed for the spread of cultural practices, technologies, and religious ideas | 63 | |
| 3703418915 | Romanization | the process by which the Latin language and Roman culture became dominant in the western provinces of the Roman Empire | 64 | |
| 3703430043 | Christianity and Paul | ca. 5-65 C.E.- became a Christian on the road to Damascus and traveled throughout Syria-Palestine, Anatolia, and Greece, preaching the new religion and establishing churches | 65 | |
| 3703447102 | aqueducts | a conduit using gravity to carry water from a source to a location | 66 | |
| 3703457967 | Crisis of the Third Century | revolving door of emperors/ civil war, threat of Germanic people/barbarians, economic collapse, trade disruption, shift in population from cities to countryside | 67 | |
| 3703465431 | Constantine | 306-337 C.E.- Roman emperor(r. 312-337); reunited the empire, moved the capital to Constantinople, and made Christianity a favored religion | 68 | |
| 3703474682 | Qin | 221-206 B.C.E.- first Chinese empire, standardized many features of Chinese society and ruthlessly marshaled subjects for military and construction projects | 69 | |
| 3703553558 | Shi Huangdi | founder of Qin(r. 221-210 B.C.E.); ruthless conquests of rival states, standardization of practices, and forcible organization of labor for military and engineering tasks | 70 | |
| 3703573031 | Han | 1) the ethnic Chinese people who originated in the Yellow River Valley 2) dynasty of emperors who ruled from 202 B.C.E.- 220 C.E. | 71 | |
| 3703590105 | Gaozu | also known as Liu Bang, established the Han, promised to reject the Qin and restore institutions of the past, tempered Legalism with Confucianism | 72 | |
| 3703634206 | Xiongnu | nomadic pastoral people, formed a tribal league which was a constant threat to China | 73 | |
| 3703658241 | gentry | the class of prosperous families from which the emperors drew their administrative personnel | 74 | |
| 3708336224 | monsoons | seasonal winds in the Indian Ocean caused by drastic differences in temperature, the large amounts of rainfall they deposit on parts of India, Southeast Asia, and China allow for the cultivation of several crops a year | 75 | |
| 3708355962 | Vedas | early Indian sacred "knowledge", religious texts included rituals and poems | 76 | |
| 3708407133 | Hinduism | religion in India, roots in ancient Vedic, Buddhist, and south Indian religious concepts and practices; spread along trade routes to Southeast Asia | 77 | |
| 3708420608 | varna/jati | social castes in India Varna, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra | 78 | |
| 3708430299 | karma | determines what form you will be reincarnated as | 79 | |
| 3708436359 | moksha | "liberation" from the endless cycle of rebirth | 80 | |
| 3708445262 | Mahabharata | one of two major Sanskrit epics in India | 81 | |
| 3708469146 | Bhagavad-Gita | most important work of Indian sacred literature, it is a dialogue between Arjuna and Krishna about dharma | 82 | |
| 3708474243 | Siddhartha Gautama | 563-483 B.C.E.- the Buddha, wealthy prince who left behind glamorous life and became enlightened | 83 | |
| 3708498330 | Mahayana Buddhism | "Great Vehicle", China, Japan, and Central Asia; focuses on the Buddha and bodhisattvas | 84 | |
| 3708507442 | Theravada Buddhism | "Way of Elders", Sri Lanka and much of Southeast Asia; focuses on the Buddha's teachings and the individuals search for enlightenment | 85 | |
| 3708520007 | Mauryan Empire | 324-184 B.C.E.- founded by Chandragupta Maurya, first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent | 86 | |
| 3708528911 | Ashoka | (r. 273-232) third ruler of the Mauryan Empire, converted to Buddhism | 87 | |
| 3708537786 | Gupta Empire | 320-550 C.E.- controlled most of the Indian subcontinent through a combination of military force and its prestige as a sophisticated culture | 88 | |
| 3708548163 | theater-state | a state that acquires prestige and power by developing attractive cultural forms and staging elaborate public ceremonies | 89 | |
| 3708556337 | Srivijaya | 90 | ||
| 3708567718 | Parthians | Iranian ruling dynasty between ca. 250 B.C.E and 226 C.E. | 91 | |
| 3708574542 | stirrups | first evidence of use was among the Kushan in the first century C.E. | 92 | |
| 3708578557 | steppes | treeless plains, little rain and are covered with coarse grass, good for nomads, living on them promoted the breeding of horses and the development of military skills | 93 | |
| 3708598280 | pastoralism | the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock | 94 | |
| 3708605878 | Swahili Coast | East African shores of the Indian Ocean between the Horn of Africa and the Zambezi River | 95 | |
| 3708613312 | Sahel*add more from notes | belt of south Sahara | 96 | |
| 3708617468 | Kingdom of Ghana | first known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between sixth and thirteenth centuries | 97 | |
| 3708623770 | savanna | tropical or subtropical grassland, most extensive in sub-Saharan Africa | 98 | |
| 3708628485 | Bantu migration | starting around 1000 B.C.E., migrated from Western Africa, spreading out across southern half of African continent | 99 | |
| 3708645201 | Ethiopia | East African highland nation lying east of the Nile River | 100 | |
| 3708650692 | Armenia | one of the earliest Christian kingdoms, situated in eastern Anatolia and the western Caucasus | 101 | |
| 3708659384 | spread of Christianity and Buddhism* | spread through trade routes | 102 | |
| 3708666235 | Muhammad | 570-632 C.E.- Arab prophet, founder of the religion of Islam | 103 | |
| 3708669248 | Mecca | city in western Arabic; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion | 104 | |
| 3708675741 | Medina | city in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca | 105 | |
| 3708680688 | Quran | book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632, the sacred text of Islam | 106 | |
| 3708689093 | caliphate | Islamic state, claims to represent all Muslims | 107 | |
| 3708694410 | Umayyad Caliphate | 661-750- first hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs, capital at Damascus, overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate | 108 | |
| 3708703622 | Abbasid Caliphate | descendants of the Prophet Muhammad's uncle al-Abbas, overthrew Umayyad and ruled Islamic empire from 750-1258 | 109 | |
| 3708713238 | Baghdad* | founded in 762, capital of the Abbasid Caliphate | 110 | |
| 3708718561 | Shi'ites | Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam who believed that Muhammad's son-in-law Ali should be leader | 111 | |
| 3708733971 | Sunnis | Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam that believed the people should select the leader | 112 | |
| 3708740541 | ulama | Muslim religious scholars | 113 | |
| 3708743143 | hadith | a tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad; next to the Quran, the most important basis for Islamic law | 114 | |
| 3708743144 | mamluks | Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate | 115 |
