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| 5751581934 | Nomadic lifestyle compared to sedentary along with benefits of each: | Advantages-supply of food, language, technology, writing Disadvantages- disease, food-limited nutrition, conflicts, gender role change, social stratification, specialization, | 0 | |
| 5751587218 | Tigris and Euphrates | cuneiform, clay tablets/stylus, irrigation systems and canals (unpredictable), city-states, Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia, Sumerians, plow, wheel, brick, writing, ziggurats, Hammarabi/law code | 1 | |
| 5755652875 | Nile River Valley Civilization | hieroglyphics, "Egypt is the gift of the Nile"-Herdotus, predictable flooding, efficient agriculture, irrigation/canals, wheat, barley, papyrus, calendar, isolated due to geography (cataracts), learned about wheel and bronze from Hyksos invasions | 2 | |
| 5755666712 | Indus River Valley | Mohenjo Daro, Harrapa, complex sewage systems, grid systems, lapis, Dravidians were riven out by the Aryans | 3 | |
| 5755670529 | Hwang He/Yellow | Xia-> Shang: Oracle bones, system of writing, ancestral veneration, human sacrifice, polytheistic (Supreme God Di), bronze, silk, chariots/horses (from Central Asia), city construction was not high tech (destroyed over time) | 4 | |
| 5751591717 | Classical China and contributions | civil service exams, centralized government, architecture (Great Wall), Confucianism, Daoism, bridge building, opening Silk Road (Han), paper | 5 | |
| 5751594608 | Classical India and contributions | The concept of 0, caste system, Hinduism, universities, decimal system, Buddhism, Jainism, chess | 6 | |
| 5751594609 | Paleolithic Age | hunters, and gatherers, nomadic, small groups, egalitarian, animistic, afterlife, fire (cooking, rituals, warmth, and protection), communication skills, foragers, shamans, used stone for tools | 7 | |
| 5751601021 | Neolithic Age | -domestication of dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and horses -Agricultural Revolutions: Middle east (S.W. Asia/Asia Minor), wheat and barley, women were the first farmers (later pushed out of there jobs b/c of no hunting and gathering-more sedentary lifestyle | 8 | |
| 5751602058 | Bedouins | Arabian and North African nomads, used camels | 9 | |
| 5751605812 | Classical Mediterranean and contributions | Architecture/engineering, philosophy, writing/language, government, mythology, math, sculptures, plays/literature | 10 | |
| 5751607580 | Why did Western Rome collapse in 476 CE and Eastern Rome (Byzantine) 1453 CE? | -Western Rome collapsed in 476 C.E. due to nomads and germanic invader raids -Eastern Byzantine Rome collapsed in 1453 C.E. due to the Ottomans | 11 | |
| 5751607588 | Legalism | A school of Chinese philosophy. Prominent during Warring States Period. Had great influence on the policies of the Qin dynasty. Based on a pessimistic view of human nature. Social harmony could only be attained through strong government control and the imposition of strict laws, enforced absolutely. | 12 | |
| 5751610740 | Islam | A monotheistic religion based on the belief that there is one God, Allah, and that Muhammad was Allah's prophet. Islam is based in the ancient city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the birthplace of Muhammad. | 13 | |
| 5751611608 | Coptic Christianity | The Egyptian and Ethiopian variety of Christianity, distinctive in its belief that Christ has only a single, divine nature. | 14 | |
| 5757400332 | Roman Catholicism | A branch of Christianity that developed in the western Roman Empire and that recognized the Pope as its supreme head | 15 | |
| 5757404343 | Eastern Orthodox | The Christian religion of the Byzantine Empire in the middle east that formed from Christianity's schism between the remains of the western and eastern Roman Empire. The Christian church ruled by the Byzantine emperor and the patriarchs of various historically significant Christian centers/cities. | 16 | |
| 5751613255 | What is the importance of 622 C.E.? | Muhammad and followers emigrate to Medina from Mecca to spread Islam | 17 | |
| 5751615563 | Seljuk Turks | Ruled parts of Central Asia and Middle east from 11th-14th centuries, migrated from North Iran in Central Asia to Persia (Iran) | 18 | |
| 5751617029 | Ottoman Turks | Turkish empire that was in Anatolia; Arrived in the same way of turkish migrations as the Seljuk Turks | 19 | |
| 5751628581 | Almoravids and Almohads | extremists conquerers of North Africa (first jihadists) | 20 | |
| 5751628582 | Aryans | Indo-European speaking, lighter skinned nomads who entered India from the Central Asian steppes and greatly affected Indian society. Vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system. | 21 | |
| 5751629576 | Dravidians | indigenous dark-skinned people that lived in the Indus River Valley, but when the Aryans arrived, they were pushed south to India because of their skin color. they had their own agricultural techniques and worshipped nature spirits associated with fertility and new life. Spoke Dasa | 22 | |
| 5751636607 | Types of Buddhism | Mahayana- Theravada- Chan/Zen Buddism- Pureland Buddhism- | 23 | |
| 5751643005 | Shintoism | Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism (used before Buddhism), focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship. | 24 | |
| 5751643006 | Zoroastrianism | Founded in Persia, 6th century BC, Founded by Zoroaster, first monotheistic tradition, Ahuramazda is the supreme God | 25 | |
| 5751644454 | Jainism | a religion founded in India in the sixth century BC, whose members believe that everything in the universe has a soul and therefore shouldn't be harmed. Mahavira founded this religion. | 26 | |
| 5751647419 | Slavery | Classical civilization, rome relied on it, China didn't, used in most places of the world | 27 | |
| 5751647420 | Bantu | People who spread throughout Africa spreading agriculture, language, iron; Niger-Congo languages used in Central, and South African (Swahili) | 28 | |
| 5751649221 | Stateless Societies | African societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states | 29 | |
| 5751658749 | Mamluks | Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria (1250-1517) | 30 | |
| 5751658750 | Crusades | Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation. | 31 | |
| 5751661981 | Feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land | 32 | |
| 5751664666 | Manorialism | An economic system based on the manor and lands including a village and surrounding acreage which were administered by a lord. It developed during the Middle Ages to increase agricultural production. | 33 | |
| 5751670720 | Serfdom | A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. | 34 | |
| 5751673773 | Footbinding | A practice by which women bound their feet to make them small and arched in order to be more desirable by men and have higher social standing. Popular in Song China | 35 | |
| 5751682805 | Sui China | Dynasty that succeeded the Han in China; emerged from strong rulers in northern China; united all of northern China and reconquered southern China. This time was a very short reign that reunifies China. Also the Grand Canal was built. We also can see that they reintroduced a civil service system. | 36 | |
| 5751684938 | Tang | (618-907 CE) The Chinese dynasty that was much like the Han, who used Confucianism. This dynasty had the equal-field system, a bureaucracy based on merit, and a Confucian education system. | 37 | |
| 5751684939 | Song Dynasty | Empire in southern China (1127-1279) while the Jin people controlled the north. Distinguished for its advances in technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics. | 38 | |
| 5751686272 | Southern Song | Rump state of the Song Dynasty, carved out of the much larger domains of the Tang and northern Song; Culturally, one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history. | 39 | |
| 5751687516 | Neo Confucianism | A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements. | 40 | |
| 5751687517 | Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. | 41 | |
| 5751703247 | Mongols | A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia, established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. | 42 | |
| 5751705404 | Timur | Member of a prominent family of the Mongols' Jagadai Khanate. He through conquest gained control over much of Central Asia and Iran. He consolidated the status of Sunni Islam as orthodox, and his descendants maintained his empire for nearly a century and founded the Mughal Empire in India. | 43 | |
| 5751713992 | Italian city-states | Florence, Venice, Rome, Naples, Milan, Genoa, Pisa, and Siena | 44 | |
| 5751716839 | Iberians | Spanish Kingdom created by the marriage of Queen Isabella of Spain and King Ferdinand of Portugal | 45 | |
| 5751728792 | Ming Dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia, Middle East, and east Africa, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. | 46 | |
| 5751728793 | Hellenism | Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until the spread of Islam. | 47 | |
| 5751734205 | Cyrillic | Language used to convert Slavs to Eastern Orthodoxy, created by Cyrus and Methodius | 48 | |
| 5757664481 | Samarai | In medieval Japan, a class of professional soldiers who loved by a strict code of person honor & loyalty to a noble | 49 | |
| 5751733051 | primogeniture | right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son | 50 | |
| 5757659555 | ethnocentrism | The belief that one's group is of central importance, tendency to judge the practices of other groups by one's own cultural standards. | 51 | |
| 5751736329 | Toltecs | powerful postclassic empire in central Mexico (900-1168 C.E.). It influenced much of Mesoamerica. This nomadic group of people migrated to Central Mexico in 900. | 52 | |
| 5751737844 | Aztecs | Also called Mexica, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshiped many gods (polytheistic). Practiced human sacrifices | 53 | |
| 5751737846 | The Incas | The Incas ruled a territory that stretched from Chile in northern Ecuador and from the Pacific coast to the upper Amazon Basin. Capital was Cuzco. Great Fortress and temple complex built at Machu Picchu. | 54 | |
| 5757722585 | Alexander the Great | King of Macedonia in northern Greece, Between 334 and 323 BCE, he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. | 55 | |
| 5751738808 | Charles Martel | Frankish commander for the battle of Tours. He defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours, allowing Christianity to survive throughout the Dark Ages. He in a way started Feudalism by giving land to his knights that served for him. | 56 | |
| 5751739858 | Wu Ti | Han "Warrior Emperor" who greatly expanded the empire, (140-87 BCE); promoted peace; supported Confucianism; Conducted trade with the Parthian Empire in the Middle East. He also conducted the FIRST Civil service examinations in the world. | 57 | |
| 5751742820 | Tale of Genji | Written by Lady Murasaki Shikubu, this is a tale of the life of an imperial prince. Considered to be the World's first novel. | 58 | |
| 5751742821 | Shi-huangdi | Also known as Zheng, Ruler of China during Qin, had a Code of Law, burned Confucian books, refortified walls (Great Wall of China), abolished primogeniture, ended the aristocracy, appointed district officials, sent forces to move nomads N, leading to the Xiongnu confederation, imposed a standard system of measurements, weights, axle lengths, coinage, and writing | 59 | |
| 5751744798 | Zheng He | An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. | 60 | |
| 5751744799 | Saladin | A curd who fought against the Crusaders, Muslim commander (3rd Crusade) | 61 | |
| 5751744800 | Diocletian | Split Rome into 2 halves | 62 | |
| 5751751710 | Sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life | 63 | |
| 5751756346 | Swahili | A Bantu language with arabic words, spoken along the east african coast | 64 | |
| 5751756347 | William the Conqueror | First Norman King of England, duke of Normandy | 65 | |
| 5751757302 | St. Augustine | Had teachings that influenced Western Christianity and philosophy | 66 | |
| 5751757303 | St. Thomas Aquinas | promoted scholatism | 67 | |
| 5751758984 | Lalibela | King of Ethiopia, made capital Lalibela, Coptic Christian, build 11 churches (mosques) commemorating a sacred Christian site in Jerusalem | 68 | |
| 5751758985 | Mansa Musa | Ruler of Mali His extravagant pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. | 69 | |
| 5751758986 | Jula | merchants along the W. African trade routes | 70 | |
| 5751760443 | Hausa States | States in Sub-Saharan Africa, combined Islam with indigenous beliefs | 71 | |
| 5751760444 | Hanseatic league | A trading alliance in the Baltic, North Sea, parts of Russia, Prussia, and England | 72 | |
| 5751762279 | Flying money | The Chinese Song system of credit was based on guarantees that paper money could be redeemed for coinage. | 73 | |
| 5751769398 | guilds | A medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power; an association of people for mutual aid or the pursuit of a common goal | 74 |
