AP World History Pikesville High 2011-12.
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| 291269341 | Hegemony | the consistent dominance of one state or ideology over others | 0 | |
| 291269342 | Neolithic Revolution | The time where people changed from hunting and gathering food to domesticating animals and cultivating land as farmers | 1 | |
| 291269343 | nomads | people who wander from place to place | 2 | |
| 291269344 | cuneiform | Sumerian writing made by pressing a wedge-shaped tool into clay tablets | 3 | |
| 291282015 | polytheism | belief in multiple Gods | 4 | |
| 291282016 | monotheism | the belief in a single God | 5 | |
| 291282017 | theocracy | a political unit governed by a deity (or by officials thought to be divinely guided) | 6 | |
| 291282018 | Hammurabi's Code | Based on the principle that the punishment should fit the crime, no matter how bizzare the crime was. The Laws were given from a God to the ruler | 7 | |
| 291282019 | ziggurat | a rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians | 8 | |
| 291282020 | pyramids | monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs | 9 | |
| 291282021 | Bronze Age | a period in human history, beginning around 3000 B.C. in some areas, during which people began using bronze, rather than copper or stone, to fashion tools and weapons | 10 | |
| 291282022 | Zoroastrianism | dual gods of equal power to form early monotheism; Persian; cosmic struggle over good and bad; those that do good go to heaven and bad go to hell; influenced Judaism and Christianity | 11 | |
| 291282023 | caste system | The Social Structure in India that is based off of Hinduism | 12 | |
| 291282024 | dynastic cycle | the pattern of rise, decline, and replacement of Ruling Families in China | 13 | |
| 291282025 | Confucius | Chinese philosopher (circa 551-478 BC)- Encouraged Filial Piety, Being A Gentleman and being Honorable. Mentioned in Numerous Fortune Cookies. | 14 | |
| 291282026 | filial piety | in Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors | 15 | |
| 291282027 | Daoism | philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events | 16 | |
| 291282028 | Legalism | In China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime. | 17 | |
| 291282029 | Four Noble Truths | Pain is universal, Pain is due to Greed, the source of greed is illusion, You can get rid of pain, greed and illusion through the Eight-fold path | 18 | |
| 291282030 | polis | A greek City-state | 19 | |
| 291282031 | oligarchy | a system of government in which a small group holds power | 20 | |
| 291282032 | democracy | Rule by the people | 21 | |
| 291282033 | patrician | belonging to or characteristic of the nobility or aristocracy, of the hereditary aristocracy or ruling class of ancient Rome or medieval Europe | 22 | |
| 291282034 | plebians | Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders | 23 | |
| 291282035 | Pax Romana | "Roman Peace" , means "Roman Peace;" specifically the term that refers to the peace and stability that Rome maintained within its borders during the early empire. | 24 | |
| 291282036 | Great Wall | a fortification 1,500 miles long built across northern China in the 3rd century BC | 25 | |
| 291282037 | tributary system | A system in which, from the time of the Han Empire, countries in East and Southeast Asia not under the direct control of empires based in China nevertheless enrolled as tributary states, acknowledging the superiority of the emperors in China. | 26 | |
| 291282038 | eunuch | a man who has been castrated and is incapable of reproduction. Done so that he may not fondle with the Emperor's Wives. | 27 | |
| 291282039 | Age of Division | The period after the fall of the Han Dynasty, 220 CE - 589 CE. During the period China was divided into two kingdoms, north and south. During this period the south flourished economically, a result of agricultural developments. Buddhism also spread rapidly during the period. This is also because China's expansion had become too big and too difficult to control | 28 | |
| 291282040 | Shinto | the ancient indigenous religion of Japan lacking formal dogma | 29 | |
| 291282041 | dogma | a religious doctrine that is proclaimed as true without proof | 30 | |
| 291282042 | monasticism | asceticism as a form of religious life | 31 | |
| 291282043 | diaspora | the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel- Exile | 32 | |
| 291282044 | schism | The "Great" Split between the Roman Catholic Church and the East Orthodox Church. Could also refer to any divergence from one form of religion to another. | 33 | |
| 291288398 | Qur'an | the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | 34 | |
| 291288399 | caliph | the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth | 35 | |
| 291288400 | umma | the Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan | 36 | |
| 291288401 | Five Pillars | Include belief in Allah and recognition of Muhammad as his prophet, prayer five times a day, observation of Ramadan, a pilgrimage to Mecca, and alms-giving to the poor. the fundamental tenants of Islam. | 37 | |
| 291288402 | Jihad | Holy War- Islam- Convert the Non-Believers | 38 | |
| 291288403 | imam | (Islam) the man who leads prayers in a mosque | 39 | |
| 291288404 | hadj | A pilgrimage to Mecca, made as an objective of the religious life of a Muslim (5th Pillar) | 40 | |
| 291288405 | Madrasa | Muslim schools in Bangladesh and Pakistan | 41 | |
| 291288406 | Bantu | of or relating to the African people who speak one of the (common) languages or to their culture | 42 | |
| 291288407 | Berbers | these nomadic people from the Sahara and North Africa traveled with camel caravans that carried "trade" across the desert. Primarily Muslim. | 43 | |
| 291288408 | Mogadishu | a coastal city that dominated Africa gold trade between about 1100 and 1300; the present-day capital of Somalia. | 44 | |
| 291288409 | Swahili | A Bantu language with arabic words, spoken along the east african coast (most popular Bantu language now...) | 45 | |
| 291288410 | Timbuktu | City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning | 46 | |
| 291288411 | Ethiopia | a Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa | 47 | |
| 291288412 | Great Zimbabwe | Between 1250->1450, this empire was located on the southeastern part of South Africa; it was established by the Shona people. This great city began as a community of cattle herders and was also very active in gold and ivory trade. | 48 | |
| 291290004 | Steppe | The "-stans" of the world. In Central Asia. | 49 | |
| 291706579 | yurts | movable tents Mongols lived in | 50 | |
| 291706580 | khanate | one of several separate territories into which Ghenghis Khan's empire was split, each under the rule of one of his sons | 51 | |
| 291706581 | tax farming | A government's use of private collectors to collect taxes. Individuals or corporations contract with the government to collect a fixed amount for the government and are permitted to keep as profit everything they collect over that amount | 52 | |
| 291706582 | scholar official | in Chinese history is a highly educated civil servant who entered goverment only after passing examinations | 53 | |
| 291706583 | examination system | Tests on Confucian philosophy used by Sui & Tang rulers to recruit government officials; won their posts out of intellect, not socio-economic rank | 54 | |
| 291706584 | Neo-Confucianism | term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the Tang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism | 55 | |
| 291706585 | movable type | invented in China in the mid-eleventh century. Individual characters made of fired clay were assembled and glued onto a plate to create a printing block. Introduced in Europe in the 15th century | 56 | |
| 291706586 | compass | It points North. Invented by China. you better get this one... | 57 | |
| 291706587 | concubine | a woman who cohabits with a man to whom she is not legally married, especially one regarded as socially or sexually subservient; mistress. | 58 | |
| 291706588 | foot binding | practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household | 59 | |
| 291706589 | samurai | class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land | 60 | |
| 291706590 | shogun | a hereditary military dictator of Japan | 61 | |
| 291706591 | Bushido | traditional code of the Japanese samurai which stressed courage and loyalty and self-discipline and simple living | 62 | |
| 291706592 | chivalry | a code that knights adopted in the late Middle Ages; requiring them to be brave, loyal and true to their word; they had to fight fairly in battle | 63 | |
| 291706593 | Charlemagne | King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814). Through a series of military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy. Illiterate, though started an intellectual revival. | 64 | |
| 291721186 | lay investiture | The appointment of bishops and abbots by secular rulers, often in exchange for temporal protection. | 65 | |
| 291721187 | reconquista | The Reconquering of Spain from the Muslims in 1492 by Ferdinand and Isabella. This unified Spain into a powerful nation-state | 66 | |
| 291721188 | merchant guilds | Communal enterprises, people commonly linked by similar occupations as united enterprise provided them with greater security and less risk of losses than did individual action | 67 | |
| 291721189 | Domesday Book | A record of all the property and holdings in England commissioned by William the Conqueror in 1066 so he could determine the extent of his lands and wealth | 68 | |
| 291721190 | Olmec | The first Mesoamerican civilization. Between ca. 1200 and 400 B.C.E., these people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction. | 69 | |
| 291721191 | Teotihuacan | A large central city in the Mesoamerican region. Located about 25 miles Northeast of present day Mexico City. Exhibited city planning and unprecedented size for its time. Reached its peak around the year 450. | 70 | |
| 291721192 | Tenochtitlan | Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins. | 71 | |
| 291721193 | mita | the labor tribute demanded by the Inca state that required all able-bodied citizens to work for the state a certain number of days every year. | 72 | |
| 291721194 | Bubonic plague | Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people | 73 | |
| 291721195 | individualism | giving priority to one's own goals over group goals, and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications | 74 | |
| 291721196 | humanism | a renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements | 75 | |
| 291721197 | secularism | The belief in material things instead of religious things. This was a shift away from Medieval thinking. | 76 | |
| 291721198 | Machiavelli | Renaissance writer; formerly an ambassador, wrote The Prince. | 77 | |
| 291721199 | The Prince | a work on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by methods that ignore right or wrong; accepted the philosophy that "the end justifies the means." | 78 | |
| 291721200 | Indulgences | Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation. | 79 | |
| 291721201 | Predestination | doctrine of John Calvin that adhered to the idea that each person's fate is predetermined by God | 80 | |
| 291721202 | Anabaptists | A member of a radical movement of the 16th-century Reformation that viewed baptism solely as an external witness to a believer's conscious profession of faith, rejected infant baptism, and believed in the separation of church from state, in the shunning of nonbelievers, and in simplicity of life. | 81 | |
| 291721203 | Jesuits | Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534. They played an important part in the Catholic Reformation and helped create conduits of trade and knowledge between Asia and Europe | 82 | |
| 291721204 | Astrolabe | an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets | 83 | |
| 291721205 | encomienda system | system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them skills. | 84 | |
| 291721206 | mercantilism | an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought | 85 | |
| 291721207 | Tsar | From Latin caesar, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III (r. 1462-1505) | 86 | |
| 291721208 | Cossacks | Peoples of the Russian Empire who lived outside the farming villages, often as herders, mercenaries, or outlaws. Cossacks led the conquest of Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. | 87 |
