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| 5571550076 | Hammurabi | King of Babylonia that extended empire to Mesopotamia. Hammurabi's code was one of the 1st ever written code of law (eye for an eye) | 0 | |
| 5571550077 | Abraham | "Father" of monotheism and of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. | 1 | |
| 5571550078 | Moses | Prominent prophet in Judaism, credited for Mosaic Law - basis of many belief systems and juriprudence. | 2 | |
| 5571550079 | Buddha | Also known ad Siddhartha Gautama was the founder of Buddhism and the first to be enlightened, taught that enlightenment could be achieved only by abandoning desires for all earthly things. | 3 | |
| 5571550080 | Confucious | Also known as Kung Fuzi; major Chinese philosopher; developed the traditional Chinese ideology of Confucianism whose teachers and philosophy have influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Taiwannese, and Vietnamese thought and life; philosophy based on need for restoration of order through advice of superior men which emphasized correctness of social relationships, justice, and sincerity. | 4 | |
| 5571550081 | Laozi | Chinese philosopher; recommended retreat from society into nature; individual should seek to become attuned with Dao, "the way." | 5 | |
| 5571550082 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher that constantly questioned things and encouraged pursuit of wisdom urged rational reflection of moral decisions. | 6 | |
| 5571550083 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher; tutor of Alexander the Great; believed knowledge based on observation of phenomena in material world. felt that the ideal life was one of contemplation. | 7 | |
| 5571550084 | Alexander the Great | King of Macedonia and conquered Greece, Egypt, Persia, and part of northwest India; spread Greek culture and learning across Empire | 8 | |
| 5571550085 | Shi Huang Di/ Qin Shihuangdi | Emperor of China, Founder of the brief Qin dynasty, that ruthlessly unified the warring states and introduced legalism. Aided China by standardizing measurements, language, etc. throughout China. He started building the Great Wall of China. | 9 | |
| 5571550086 | Ashoka | Ruler of India (Mauryan Empire); completed conquests of Indian subcontinent; converted to Buddhism and sponsored spread of new religion throughout his empire; espoused religious toleration and non-violence. | 10 | |
| 5571550087 | Jesus of Nazareth | Jewish prophet and teacher, was persecuted and crucified, believed to be the Messiah in Christianity Christianity grew out of his life and teaching, advocate of the poor . | 11 | |
| 5571550088 | Emperor Constantine | 300s CE-Roman Emperor,Reunites Roman Empire and establishes Christianity as religion, Edict of Milan = Freedom of Religion | 12 | |
| 5571550089 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor/ Eastern Roman noted for his reconquest of much of the former Western Roman Empire; issued most famous compilation of Roman law, reign also marked a blossoming of Byzantine culture. | 13 | |
| 5571550090 | Muhammad | He was a trader, regarded by Muslims as a messenger and prophet of God/Allah. Founded the religion of Islam. unified Arab tribes and conquered neighboring lands and spread Islam; death led to power struggle between Sunni and Shi'ites. | 14 | |
| 5571550091 | Genghis (Chinggis) Khan | Founder and supreme leader of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death, consisting of several Eurasian societies. He used battle tactics, psychological warfare, and foreign weapons to conquer land easily. He ruled his territory fairly, protecting the Silk Roads. | 15 | |
| 5571550092 | Khubilai Khan | Mongol emperor who ruled over China, founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China. | 16 | |
| 5571550093 | Marco Polo | A traveler from Venice who visited China during the Mongol Yuan dynasty. He worked for Khan on missions in and around China, recorded his travels which introduced Europeans to Central Asia and China. | 17 | |
| 5571550094 | Ibn Battuta | Moroccan qadi (judge) who traveled all around Dar al Islam "the Islamic world", later recorded his travels and described almost the entirety of the known Muslim world (North and West Africa, Europe, the Middle East, India, SE Asia, and east China). He often criticized foreign Islamic practices. | 18 | |
| 5571550095 | Xuanzang | Buddhist monk that illegally visited India; popularized Buddhism in China | 19 | |
| 5571550096 | Saladin | Kurdish Muslim who led Islamic opposition towards European Crusaders and reconquered Jerusalem from the Christians. | 20 | |
| 5571550097 | Mansa Musa | Emperor of the Malian Empire; famous for his pilgrimage to Mecca. During his reign Timbuktu became a center of Muslim culture and scholarship. | 21 | |
| 5571550098 | Zheng He | Chinese admiral (and a Muslim and eunuch) a fleet of more than 300 gigantic ships which announced the Chinese naval presence to the Indian Ocean (Southeast Asia, South Asia, and East Africa) but not conquering; voyages were later cut off. | 22 | |
| 5571550099 | Pachacuti Inca | Incan emperor who initiated the expansion of the Inca state from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca. | 23 | |
| 5571550100 | Bartolomeu Dias | First Portuguese explorer to travel around the southern most tip of Africa which opened sea routes between Europe and Asia - and challenged the Muslim dominance of trade with Asia. | 24 | |
| 5571550101 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator, colonizer, and explorer whose voyages for Spain across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. | 25 | |
| 5571550102 | Martin Luther | German monk who initiated the Protestant movement and strongly disputed the Catholic church's claim that freedom from God's punishment of sin could be purchased with money. Excommunicated from Catholic Church and started own branch (Lutheranism) which focused on the faith of individual over works stressed in Catholic church but was not seeking social change. | 26 | |
| 5571550103 | Hernan Cortes | Spanish Conquistador that defeated the Aztec Empire with help of native allies. | 27 | |
| 5571550104 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conquistador that conquered the Incan Empire with help of native allies. | 28 | |
| 5571550105 | Akbar | Mughal Emperor who tried to accommodate the Hindu majority of India, despite religious (Muslim) resistance. | 29 | |
| 5571550106 | Atahualpa | Last emperor of the Incan Empire (took over after a civil war with his brother), was conquered and killed by Spanish. | 30 | |
| 5571550107 | Moctezuma II | Ruler of Tenochititlan during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, had expanded Aztec power over its neighbors; killed during Spanish takeover. | 31 | |
| 5571550108 | Queen Elizabeth I | Queen of England who reestablished Protestantism, led the country in defeating the Spanish Armada and expanded England's power overseas; achieved domestic prosperity . | 32 | |
| 5571550109 | King Louis XIV | Long-reigning king of France, believed in the divine right of kings (absolute monarchy) and patronage of the arts; expanded French influence in Europe. | 33 | |
| 5571550110 | Peter the Great | Russian czar who continued growth of absolutism and conquest in Russia, implemented policies of expansion and modernization/westernization of Russia's culture and economy. | 34 | |
| 5571550112 | Tokugawa Ieyasu | Founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate - kept Japan unified and free of unwanted Western intrusion. | 35 | |
| 5571550113 | Aurangzeb | Mughal emperor whose reign was marked by many wars of expansion; had very little religious tolerance, earned resistance of Hindu subjects. | 36 | |
| 5571550114 | Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent | Ottoman Emperor who conquered significant Christian territories, reconstructed the legal system & oversaw the golden age. | 37 | |
| 5571550115 | Shah Ismail | Founder of the Safavid (Perisan) empire who converted present day Iran from Sunni to Sh'ia Islam and captured Baghdad. | 38 | |
| 5571550116 | Shakespeare | Most prolific writer in Europe. Playwright and poet. | 39 | |
| 5571550117 | Cervantes | wrote Don Quixote, considered to be the first European novel | 40 | |
| 5571550118 | Sundiata | King of Mali (first) | 41 | |
| 5571550119 | Napoleon Bonaparte | Highly successful general who seized control of France. Suppressed the democratic elements of the revolution and conquered many parts of Europe spreading ideas of social equality, Russian and British resistance brought down this revolution. | 42 | |
| 5571550120 | Adam Smith | Scottish Professor who formulated laws that explained the operation of the economy and advanced the idea that free markets thrive on the basis of mutual self-interest and without government regulation. | 43 | |
| 5571550122 | Prince von Metternich | Austrian politician who was an important diplomat during the Congress of Vienna; was largely responsible for the policy of balance of power in Europe to ensure the stability of European governments. He opposed liberal ideas and revolutionary movements. | 44 | |
| 5571550123 | Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels | German philosophers who together wrote the Communist Manifesto; Felt history was defined by a class struggle between groups out of power and those controlling the means of production; preached necessity of a social revolution to create proletarian dictatorships (socialism then communism). | 45 | |
| 5571550124 | Commodore Perry | American who compelled the opening of isolationist Japan to the US. | 46 | |
| 5571550125 | Simon Bolivar | Venezuelan Creole military leader during the time of their revolutions, played a key role in Latin America's successful struggle for independence from Spain, dreams of a unified Latin America (Gran Colombia) were unfulfilled. | 47 | |
| 5571550126 | Abraham Lincoln | US President who started the Civil war to preserve the Union and signed the Emancipation Proclamation. | 48 | |
| 5571550128 | Muhammad Ali | Won power struggle in Egypt following fall of Mamlukes, established mastery of all Egypt successfully challenging Ottoman rule; introduced effective army based on western tactics. | 49 | |
| 5571550129 | Cecil Rhodes | English businessman, desired an English colony from Cape to Coast in Africa, founder of Rhodesia. | 50 | |
| 5571550130 | Queen Victoria | Queen of the Great Britain and the first Empress of India; reign is known as the Victorian era, which was a time of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military progress for England. | 51 | |
| 5571550131 | King Leopold II | King of Belgium; brutal founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State who used slave labor and torture to extract raw materials to build his personal fortune. | 52 | |
| 5571550132 | Alexander II | Liberal and expansionist Russian Czar who made many economic reforms, he emancipated the serfs. | 53 | |
| 5571550133 | Voltaire | Freedom of Religion, Enlightenment thinker/writer. Wrote Candide. | 54 | |
| 5571550134 | Jean- Jacques Rousseau | Separation of Powers | 55 | |
| 5571550135 | John Locke | Life, Liberty and Property | 56 | |
| 5571550137 | Mary Wollstonecraft | Enlightenment era female thinker/writer, Women's rights | 57 | |
| 5571550139 | Woodrow Wilson | U.S President who entered WWI championing self-determination. His Fourteen points (including League of Nations) were acclaimed but unsuccessful. | 58 | |
| 5571550140 | Ataturk/Mustapha Kemal | Ottoman military leader who also was the founder and first president of the country of Turkey; modernized and secularized Turkey. | 59 | |
| 5571550141 | Vladimir I. Lenin | Leader of the Bolsheviks, a small socialist party that came to power during the Russian Revolution of 1917; first head of the Soviet state; worked to create a socialist economic system. | 60 | |
| 5571550142 | Joseph Stalin | Successor to Lenin as head of the USSR and had strongly nationalist view of communism; and crushed all opposition. He established a series of disastrous 5 year plans to increase agricultural collectivization and rapid industrial production, led the USSR through WWII and helped start the Cold War. | 61 | |
| 5571550143 | Adolf Hitler | Nazi leader of Fascist Germany; created a strongly centralized state in Germany. He wanted to expand Germany (led to WWII) and racially cleanse it (led to Holocaust). | 62 | |
| 5571550144 | Mao Zedong/Mao Tse-tung | The leader of the Chinese Communist Party and People's Republic of China (PRC) who had gained power through the peasants (new Communist policy now known as Maoism). Mao turned China into a world military power, created a cult of personality through his "Little Red Book", started the Great Leap Forward (industrialization) and the Cultural Revolution which killed millions. | 63 | |
| 5571550145 | Mohandas/Mahatma Gandhi | Political leader and spiritual leader of the Indian drive for independence from Great Britain after WWI; he stressed non violent but aggressive protesting and civil disobedience. | 64 | |
| 5571550146 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | Muslim Nationalist; originally a member of the national congress party of India and later became the leader of the Muslim League; traded Muslim support for British during WWII for promises of a separate Muslim state after the war. He was the first president of Pakistan. | 65 | |
| 5571550147 | Kwame Nkrumah | Nationalist leader who brought Ghana to independence with nonviolent protests; was an advocate of Pan-Africanism; became corrupt and autocratical, was overthrown in a military coup (backed by the CIA) and lived out his life in exile. | 66 | |
| 5571550150 | Ho Chi Minh | Vietnamese Communist revolutionary and statesman who was prime minister and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). Led the Viet Minh independence movement, defeating the French and then the US and the anti-communist government in South Vietnam. | 67 | |
| 5571550151 | Gamal Abdel Nasser | President of Egypt, took over from monarchy of King Farouk, new period of modernization and socialist reform in Egypt, championed pan-Arab nationalism; nationalized the Suez Canal. | 68 | |
| 5571550152 | Fidel Castro | Cuban Marxist revolutionary who overthrew Batista; created socialist state, resisted US invasion and pressure came to depend almost exclusively on the Soviet Union. | 69 | |
| 5571550153 | Nikita Kruschev | Led the Soviet Union after Stalin; was responsible for the partial de-Stalinization of the USSR and several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy, and for attempting to ease relations w/ U.S. | 70 | |
| 5571550154 | Deng Xiaoping | Chinese Communist leader who was twice purged from the Communist Party and twice rehabilitated before gaining supreme power in China and led China towards a market economy. | 71 | |
| 5571550155 | Augusto Pinochet | Chilean president, military dictator, 1970s-1990s | 72 | |
| 5571550156 | Ronald Reagan | US President, 1980s. Worked with Gorbachev to help end Cold War | 73 | |
| 5571550157 | Margaret Thatcher | "iron lady", Prime Minister of Great Britain in the 80s. | 74 | |
| 5571550158 | Yasser Arafat | Palestinian leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) ,and President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) and leader of the Fatah political party; spent most of his life fighting against Israel in the name of Palestinian self-determination, signed peace treaty with Israel. | 75 | |
| 5571550160 | Pablo Picasso | 20th century artist, cubism | 76 | |
| 5571550161 | Mikhail Gorbachev | Leader of the Soviet Union whose efforts to reform USSR (glasnost - openness and perestrokia - economic restructuring) led to its collapse. | 77 | |
| 5571550162 | Ayatollah Khomeini | Iranian religious leader and politician; spiritual leader of the Iranian revolution; emphasized religious purification; tried to eliminate western influences and establish a pure Islamic government, Supreme leader or Islamic Iranian state. | 78 | |
| 5571550163 | Nelson Mandela | Was the leader of the African National Congress (ANC), worked with many leaders of the ANC to dismantle the apartheid system in South Africa and became the first black prime minister of South Africa in 1994 after the ANC won the elections. | 79 | |
| 5571550164 | Saddam Hussein | President / dictator of Iraq and leader of the revolutionary Ba'ath Party, which espoused pan-Arabism, economic modernization, and Arab socialism, invaded Iran and Kuwait. Overthrown by the U.S. | 80 | |
| 5571550166 | Hosni Mubarak | Took over after Sadat in Egypt, Dictator overthrown in Arab Spring revolts of 2010/2011 | 81 |
