Technological and Environmental Transformations
Terms : Hide Images
| 4873479498 | agriculture | Farming, large scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources | 0 | |
| 4873479499 | agrarian | relating to land; relating to the management or farming of land | 1 | |
| 4873479500 | clans (bands) | Group of families with a common ancestor | 2 | |
| 4873479501 | barbarian | A person who belongs to a group that others consider wild, or uncivilized | 3 | |
| 4873479502 | bureaucracy | A system of departments and agencies formed to carry out the work of government | 4 | |
| 4873479503 | civilization | A complex society that has language, religion, a division of labor, and a social hierarchy. There is also a food supply and a political system. | 5 | |
| 4873479504 | city-states | Different sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers | 6 | |
| 4873479505 | classical period | (1000BCE-500CE) - China, India, and the Mediterranean civilizations. Made political integrations into empires and advancement of iron material in warfare. | 7 | |
| 4873479506 | Domestication | Breeding plants or/and animals to the advantage of humans. | 8 | |
| 4873479507 | economy | A financial and social system of how resources flow through society, from production, to distribution, to consumption. | 9 | |
| 4873479508 | egalitarian | (adj) believing in the social and economic equality of all people | 10 | |
| 4873479509 | emperor | An absolute ruler; a person who is worshiped and treated like a god by his people | 11 | |
| 4873479510 | empire | A nation that rules several other nations; ruled by an emperor | 12 | |
| 4873479512 | Foraging | A subsistence strategy based on gathering plants that grow wild in the environment and hunting available animals | 13 | |
| 4873479513 | hierarchy | (n.) any system of things or people arranged or graded one above another in order of rank, wealth, class, etc. | 14 | |
| 4873479514 | hunter-gather | Paleolithic people who had no permanent home (nomads)—followed the food source | 15 | |
| 4873479515 | irrigation | A way of supplying water to an area of land; used by Mesopatamians by means of storage basins connected by canals; lead to permanent settlements | 16 | |
| 4873479516 | monarchy | A form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern in the interests of all. | 17 | |
| 4873479517 | monotheism | Belief in the existence of a single divine entity. Some scholars cite the devotion of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten to Aten (sun-disk) and his suppression of traditional gods as the earliest instance. The Israelite worship of Yahweh developed into an exclusive belief in one god, and this concept passed into Christianity and Islam. | 18 | |
| 4873479518 | polytheism | Belief in many gods | 19 | |
| 4873479519 | neolithic | (10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization. | 20 | |
| 4873479520 | nomadic | A member of a group of people who have no fixed home and move according to the seasons from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land. | 21 | |
| 4873479521 | pastoral | ADJ. Of or relating to shepherd or herders: Of relating to or used for animal husbandry: | 22 | |
| 4873479522 | paleolithic | "Old Stone Age"; first part of the Stone Age beginning about 750,00 to 500,000 years BC and lasting until the end of the last ice age about 8,500 years BC | 23 | |
| 4873479523 | philosophy | An organized system of thought, from the Greek for "love of wisdom" | 24 | |
| 4873479524 | river valley | The first civilizations that formed around water sources 5000-700 BCE. They have high levels of social stratification and patriarchy. E.g. Mesopotamia on the Tigris and Euphrates, Egypt on the Nile, Harappa on the Indus, Shang on the Yellow river, Olmecs in Mesoamerica, and Chavin in the Andes. | 25 | |
| 4873479525 | sedentary | A word that means "settle in one place, such as villages or towns". | 26 | |
| 4873479526 | settlement | A place, typically one that has until now been uninhabited, where people establish a community. | 27 | |
| 4873479527 | subsistence | farming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced; no surplus | 28 | |
| 4873479528 | surplus | A situation in which the quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded | 29 | |
| 4873479529 | theocracy | A system of political-religious system in which the secular ruler is also the head of the religious establishment as in the Abbasid Empire | 30 | |
| 4873479530 | traditional | An economic system in which people produce and distribute goods according to customs handed down from generation to generation. | 31 | |
| 4873479531 | urbanization | A shift in population toward cities--corresponds to the rise of industrialization and was also a consequence of industrialization. | 32 | |
| 4873489295 | Catal Huyuk | a very large Neolithic and early urban settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5700 BC, and flourished around 7000 BC. It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date. | 33 |
