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| 7965606719 | Spabish Caribbean | Spanish mariners came in contact with indigenous Taino Columbus used Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican) as a trading base with Taino Receuited locals ro mine gold | 0 | |
| 7965606720 | Encomienda | Forced labor Utilizing native labor force | 1 | |
| 7965606721 | Use of the Spanish Caribbean for sugarcane plantations | Taino people disappeared by 16th century due to Spanish gunning down rebellions, smallpox epidemics and Spanish raids to force more Taino people to mine for gold -limited gold production led to exploiting the Caribbean for sugarcane -massive importation of slaves (trans-Atlantic slave trade) | 2 | |
| 7965606722 | Destruction of the Aztec Empire | Mexico Brought down by Hernan Cortés and soldiers Smallpox destroyed Tenochititlan | 3 | |
| 7965606723 | Destruction of the Inca Empire | Peru Brought down by Francisco Pizarro and soldiers Massacred Inca rulers in a council | 4 | |
| 7969591681 | Spanish colonial administration | New Spain in Mexico New Castille in Peru Mexico City built atop Tenochititlan Lima in Peru | 5 | |
| 7969609371 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Divided entire non-Christian world world between Spain and Portugal Portugal claimed Brazil, exploited for sugarcane production | 6 | |
| 7969641473 | Settler Colonies in North America | Spanish: towns and forts on east coast France: Nova Scotia (1604), Quebec(1608) England: Jamestown (1607), Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630) Netherlands: New Amsterdam (1623)- taken over by English in 1664 | 7 | |
| 7969666651 | Colonial Government | Difficult conditions (starvation, cannibalism) French and English private merchants invested heavily in expansion of colonies Greater levels of self-governance than Spanish and Portuguese colonies | 8 | |
| 7969706797 | Conflict with indigenous peoples | Colonists displaced indigenous peoples, trespassed on hunting grounds English settlers negotiated treaties, poorly understood by natives (William Penn) Military conflict frequent Natives devastated by epidemic disease | 9 | |
| 7969796349 | Formation of Multicultural Societies | European and African migrants primarily men Relationships with native women Mestizo society | 10 | |
| 7969823700 | Social Hierarchy | Totally based on race Strictly patriarchal society Top- Peninsulares (migrants from Iberian peninsula) Second- criollos (children of migrants) Third- children of mixed parentage Bottom- slaves, conquered peoples | 11 | |
| 7970027767 | Métis | Children of unions between French/English and North American natives | 12 | |
| 7970042225 | Mining in the Spanish Empire | Driven by the hunt for gold and silver Melting Aztec and Incan artifacts into raw precious metals Employment of natives Mita system of conscripted labor Assimilation into Spanish culture | 13 | |
| 7970082447 | Manila galleons | Brought silver to Pacific rim for trading Traded for silk, spices, porcelain in Asia | 14 | |
| 7970095609 | Hacienda | Large estates produces products of European origin Encomienda system replaces by debt peonage- peasants repaid peonage | 15 | |
| 7970136674 | Resistance to Spanish ruler | Rebellions - 1680 Pueblo Revolt - 1780 Túpac Amaru rebellion Half-hearted work Retreat into the mountains and forest Appeal to Spanish crown | 16 | |
| 7970194390 | Suave and slavery in Portuguese Brazil | Sugarcane to molasses Low profit margins Unlike Spanish, Portuguese relied more heavily on African slaves Working conditions poor (5-10% died annually) | 17 | |
| 7970233980 | Fur traders and settlers spin North America | Indigenous peoples traded pelts for wool blankets, firearms, etc Beaver hunts caused invasions of other tribes hunting ground- conflict Beaver Wars (Iroquois) European settlers displaced natives from traditional lands Dependent on native assistance | 18 | |
| 7970317551 | European indentured servitude | 4-7 year terms Chronically unemployed, orphans, political prisoners, criminals Also dependence on imported slave labor African slaves increasingly replaced indentured labor in North America for cash crops | 19 | |
| 7970414986 | Spanish missionaries | Franciscans, Dominicans, Jesuits taught Christisn doctrine and literacy English and French ,issiinaries less successful | 20 | |
| 7970439755 | Bernardino de Sanagún | Efforts to spread Christianity to indigenous peoples Produced Fluorentine Codex Efforts to speak Nahuatl (Aztecs) | 21 | |
| 7970479542 | Australia | Portuguese in regions Documented by Dutch VOC considered it of little value British captain James Cook Convicts Shipped to Australia | 22 | |
| 7970541873 | Hawaii | Easy route by Manila galleons European control- destroyed by smallpox Sailors spread veneral diseases James cook- good relationship with Hawaiians until 1779 where he was killed in a dispute over thefts | 23 |
