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| 7995560522 | Xuanzang | Time period:Tang dynasty 602-664 Theme: Buddhism Xuanzang was a Chinese Buddhist monk scholar traveler and translator who described the interaction between Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism in the early tang dynasty | 0 | |
| 7995756319 | Yang Jian | Time period:589-618 Theme: Prince/ruler Yang Jian, courtesy name Shiku, nickname Ahai, was an imperial prince of the Chinese Sui Dynasty. During the reign of his father Emperor Yang, he carried the title of Prince of Qi. When his father was killed in a coup led by the general Yuwen Huaji in 618, Yang Jian and his sons were also killed. | 1 | |
| 7995864147 | Sui Yangdi | Time period: 603-618 Theme: Emperor Emperor Yang of Sui, personal name Yang Guang, alternative name Ying, nickname Amo, Sui Yang Di or Yang Di known as Emperor Ming during the brief reign of his grandson Yang Tong, was the second son of Emperor Wen of Sui, and the second emperor of China's Sui dynasty. | 2 | |
| 7995897205 | Tan Taizong | Time period 627-649 Theme: emperor Taizong, Wade-Giles romanization T'ai-tsung, personal name (xingming) Li Shimin (born 598, China—died 649, China), temple name (miaohao) of the second emperor (reigned 626-649) of the Tang dynasty (618-907) of China.• Li Shimin was the second son of the dynastic founder, the Gaozu emperor. | 3 | |
| 7995942200 | An lushan | Time period: 755 ce Theme: Rebellion An Lushan was a general in the Tang dynasty and is primarily known for instigating the An Lushan Rebellion. An Lushan was of Sogdian and Göktürk origin, at least by adoption. He rose to military prominence by defending the northeastern Tang frontier from the Khitans and other threats. He was summoned to Chang'an, the Tang capital, several times and managed to gain favor with Chancellor Li Linfu and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. This allowed An Lushan to amass significant military power in northeast China. After the death of Li Linfu, his rivalry with General Geshu Han and Chancellor Yang Guozhong created military tensions within the empire. | 4 | |
| 7995943731 | Huang Chao | Time period: 875-884 Theme: rebel, soldier, smuggler Huang Chao was a Chinese smuggler, soldier, and rebel, and is most well known for being the leader of a major rebellion that severely weakened the Tang dynasty. Huang was a salt smuggler before joining Wang Xianzhi's rebellion in the mid-870s. After splitting with Wang, his army pillaged and committed the Guangzhou massacre. In 881, his troops captured the capital Chang'an, forcing Emperor Xizong of Tang to flee. Huang proclaimed himself the Qi emperor, but was defeated by the Tang army led by the Shatuo chieftain Li Keyong in 883 and forced to desert Chang'an. Following successive defeats, including to former subordinates Zhu Wen and Shang Rang who surrendered to Tang, Huang was killed by his nephew Lin Yan. | 5 | |
| 7995945983 | Du Fu | Time period: 712-770 ce Theme: poet Du Fu was a prominent Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty. Along with Li Bai, he is frequently called the greatest of the Chinese poets. His greatest ambition was to serve his country as a successful civil servant, but he proved unable to make the necessary accommodations. His life, like the whole country, was devastated by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755, and his last 15 years were a time of almost constant unrest. | 6 | |
| 7995945984 | Song Taizu | Time period: 960-976 Theme: emperor Emperor Taizu of Song, personal name Zhao Kuangyin, courtesy name Yuanlang, was the founder and first emperor of the Song dynasty in China. He reigned from 960 until his death in 976. Formerly a distinguished military general of the Later Zhou dynasty, Emperor Taizu came to power after staging a coup d'état and forcing Emperor Gong, the last Later Zhou ruler, to abdicate the throne in his favour | 7 | |
| 7995949242 | Li Bai | Time period:701-761 Theme: Poet Li Bai, also known as Li Bo, was a Chinese poet acclaimed from his own day to the present as a genius and a romantic figure who took traditional poetic forms to new heights. He and his friend Du Fu were the two most prominent figures in the flourishing of Chinese poetry in the Tang dynasty, which is often called the "Golden Age of Chinese Poetry". The expression "Three Wonders" referred to Li Bai's poetry, Pei Min's swordplay, and Zhang Xu's calligraphy. | 8 | |
| 7995949243 | Zhu Xi | Time period:1130-1200 Theme: Scholar Zhu Xihis courtesy name is Yuanhui, or Zhonghui, self-titled Huian. He was a Chinese philosopher, politician, and writer of the Song dynasty. He was a Confucian scholar who was the leading figure of the School of Principle and the most influential rationalist Neo-Confucian in China. His contributions to Chinese philosophy including his assigning special significance to the Analects, the Mencius, the Great Learning, and the Doctrine of the Mean, his emphasis on the investigation of things, and the synthesis of all fundamental Confucian concepts, formed the basis of Chinese bureaucracy and government for over 700 years. He has been called the second most influential thinker in Chinese history, after Confucius himself. | 9 | |
| 7995952929 | Muraski Shikibu | Time period: 1000-1012 Theme: poet Murasaki Shikibu was a Japanese novelist, poet and lady-in-waiting at the Imperial court during the Heian period. She is best known as the author of The Tale of Genji, written in Japanese between about 1000 and 1012. Murasaki Shikibu is a descriptive name; her personal name is unknown, but she may have been Fujiwara no Takako, who was mentioned in a 1007 court diary as an imperial lady-in-waiting. | 10 | |
| 7995957160 | Grand canal | Time period:614-618 Theme: Waterworks The grand canal was one of the world's largest waterworks projects before modern times. It was used by the second emperor Sui Yangdi to facilitate trade between southern and northern china particularly abundant supplies of rice and other food crops | 11 | |
| 7995958249 | Chang'an | Time period:614 Theme: Capital Chang'an was an ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi'an. Chang'an means "Perpetual Peace" in Classical Chinese since it was a capital that was repeatedly used by new Chinese rulers. During the short-lived Xin dynasty, the city was renamed "Constant Peace"; yet after its fall in AD 23, the old name was restored. By the time of the Ming dynasty, the name was again changed to Xi'an, meaning "Western Peace", which has remained its name to the present day. | 12 | |
| 7995967962 | Khitan | a seminomadic people from Manchuria; from the early tenth through the early twelfth century, they ruled a vast empire stretching from northern Korea to Mongolia; during the first half of the Song dynasty, they demanded and received large tribute payments of silk and silver from the Song state to the south; caused external pressure on the Song Dynasty; in the early 12th century the nomadic Jurchen conquered the Khitan | 13 | |
| 7995971661 | Jurchen | the nomadic Jurchan conquered the Khitan, overran northern China, captured the Song capital at Kaifeng, and proclaimed establishment of the Jin empire (early 12th century); thereafter, the Song dynasty moved its capital to the prosperous port city of Hangzhou and survived only in southern China | 14 | |
| 7995972973 | Foot binding | gained popularity among the privileged classes during the Song era; the tight wrapping of young girls' feet with strips of cloth that prevented natural growth of the bones and resulted in tiny, malformed, curved feet; women with bound feet couldn't walk easily or naturally; sometimes servants carried them around in litters; wealthy families often bound the feet of their daughters to enhance their attractiveness, display their high social standing, and gain increased control over the girls' behavior | 15 | |
| 7995975684 | Dunhuang | a city on the silk road that transmitted Mahayana Buddhism to China; by the fourth century C.E., a sizable Buddhist community had emerged at Dunhuang in western China; Buddhists built hundreds of cave temples in the vicinity of Dunhuang and decorated them with murals depicting events in the lives of the Buddha and the boddhisatvas; missions supported by establishments such as those at Dunhuang helped Buddhism to establish a foothold in China | 16 | |
| 7995978953 | Silla | native dynasty of Korea that agreed to a political compromise with invading Tang authorities to avoid a long and costly conflict | 17 | |
| 7995980226 | Tale of Genji | best reflected the Heian court life; composed by Murasaki Shikibu; relates the experiences of a fictitious imperial prince named Genji | 18 | |
| 7995984686 | Minamoto | engaged in outright war with the Taira in the mid-12th century and were victorious; claimed to rule the land in the name of the emperor; dominated political life in Japan for four centuries | 19 | |
| 7995986214 | Kamakura | early medieval period of Japan that ran from 1185 to 1333 CE | 20 | |
| 7995988238 | Muromachi | later medieval period of Japan that ran from 1336 - 1573 CE; during the two periods, Japan developed a decentralized political order | 21 | |
| 7996360894 | Equal field system | Chinese system during the Han dynasty in which the goal was to ensure an equitable distribution of land | 22 |
