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| 7791237575 | Muhammad | 570-632 C.E. Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam | 0 | |
| 7791237576 | Muslim | A adherent of the Islamic religion; a person who "submits" to the will of God | 1 | |
| 7791238334 | Islam | Religion expounded by the Prophet Muhammad on the baisis of his reception of divine revelations, whch were collected after his death into the Quaran. In the tradition of Judaisim and Christinaty, and sharing much of their lore, _____ calls on all people to recognize on ecreator god-- Allah-- who rewards or punishes believes after death according to how they led their lives | 2 | |
| 7791238335 | Medina | City in western Arabia in which the prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca | 3 | |
| 7791239557 | Umma | Community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of sevent-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community | 4 | |
| 7791277430 | Quran | Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion Islam | 5 | |
| 7791274738 | Shi'ites | Muslims belonging to the branch of Islma believeing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. _________ is the state religion of Iran. | 6 | |
| 7791273671 | Sunnis | Muslims belonging to branch of islam believing that the community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries. | 7 | |
| 7791273672 | Abbasid Caliphate | Descendants of the Prohphet Muhhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, the ____________ overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire rom their capital in Baghdad. | 8 | |
| 7791271749 | Mamluks | Under Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caiphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. _______ eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria | 9 | |
| 7791271750 | Ghana | First known kingdom in sub-Sharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast. | 10 | |
| 7791270835 | Charlemagne | 742-814, King of the Franks (r. 768-814) emperor (r. 800-814). Through a series of military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts o Germany and Italy. Though iliterate himself, he sponsored a brief intellectua revival. | 11 | |
| 7791270836 | Medieval | Literally "middle age," a term that historians of Europe use for the period c. 500 to ca. 1500, signifying its intermediate point between Greco-ROman antiquity and the Renissance. | 12 | |
| 7791275731 | Umayyad Caliphate | First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs (661-750). From their capital at Damascus, the ________ ruled an empire that extended from Spain to India. Overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate. | 13 | |
| 7791268703 | Manors | In medieval europe, a large, self-sufficient landholding, consisting of the lord's residence, outbuildings, peasant village, and surrounding land. | 14 | |
| 7791268704 | Fief | In medieveal Europe, land granted in return for a sworn oath to provide specified military service. | 15 | |
| 7791267806 | Vassals | A sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord. | 16 | |
| 7791267807 | Serfs | In medieval EUrope, An agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord's property and obligated to perform set services for the lord. In Russia, some worked as artisans and in factories; ____dom was not abolished there until 1861 | 17 | |
| 7791267808 | Papacy | The central administration of the ROman Catholic Church, of which the pope is teh head. | 18 | |
| 7791265900 | Holy Roman empire | Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962-1806 | 19 | |
| 7791261798 | Investiture-controversy | Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held the ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands. | 20 | |
| 7791261799 | Monasticism | Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty. It was a prominent element of medieval Christianity and Buddhism. These communities were the Primary centers of learning and luteracy in medieval Europe. | 21 | |
| 7791258503 | Orthodox-Christianity | The form of Christianity maintained by the Eastern _________ Church. _____________ means "correct in teaching"; ___________ Christians consider the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestant churches to be incorrect in some teachings, including the relations between the persons of the Trinity. | 22 | |
| 7791258504 | Crusades | 1095- 1204, Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The __________ brought an end to western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation. | 23 | |
| 7791257062 | Pilgrimages | Journey to a sacred shrine by Christians seeking to show their piety, fulfill vows, or gain absolution for sins. Other religions also have__________ traditions, such as the Muslim _________ to Mecca and the ________ made by early Chinese Buddhists to India in search of sacred Buddhist writings. | 24 | |
| 7791257063 | Tang EMpire | EMpire unifying China and part of Central Asia, founded 618 and ended 907. The ____ empererors presided over a magnificent court at their capital, Chang'an | 25 | |
| 7791256166 | Grand Canal | The 1,100 mile waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzo Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed suring the Sui EMpire. | 26 | |
| 7791269533 | Byzantine Empire | Historians' name for the eastern portion of the ROman Empire from the fouth century onward, taken from an early name for Constantinople, the capital city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453. | 27 | |
| 7791256167 | Tributary system | A system in which , from the time of the Han Empire, countries in East and Southeast Asia not under the direct control of empire based in China nevertheless enrolled as tributary states, acknowledging the superiority of the emerperors in CHina in exchange for trading tights or strategic alliences. | 28 | |
| 7791254934 | Bubonic plague | A bacterial sdisease of fleas that can be transmitted by flea bites to rodents and humans; humans in late stages of the illness can spread the bacteria by coughing. Because of its very high mortality rate and the difficulty of preventing its spread, major outbreaks have created crisies in many parts of the world. | 29 | |
| 7791254935 | Tibet | Country centered on the high mountain-bounded plateau north of India. _______ political power occasionally extended farther to the north and west between the seventh and thirteenth centuries | 30 | |
| 7791254121 | Gunpowder | A mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal, in various proportions. the formula brought to China in the 400s or 500s, was the first used to make fumigators to keep away insect pests and evil spirits. In later centuries it was used to make explosives and grenades and to propel cannonballs, shot, and bullets. | 31 | |
| 7791252744 | Junk | A very large falt-bottomed sailing ship produced in the Tang, Ming, and Song Empires, specially designed for long-distance commercial travel . | 32 | |
| 7791252745 | Zen | The Japaneese word for a branch of Mahayanna Buddhism based on highly disciplined meditation. It is known in Sanskriti as dhyana, in Chinese as chan, and in Krean and son. | 33 | |
| 7791252746 | Movable type | Type in which each individual character is cast on a separate piece of metal. It replaced woodblock printing, allowing for the arrangement of an individual letter and other characters on a page, rather than requiring the carving of entire pages at a time. It may have been invented in Korea in the thirteenth century. | 34 | |
| 7791252053 | Fujiwara | Aristocratic family that dominated the japanese imperial court between the ninth and twelfth centuries. | 35 | |
| 7791250996 | Kamakura Shogunate | The first of Japna's decntralized milityar governments (1185-1333) | 36 | |
| 7791250997 | Shogunate | the title applied to the chief military commanders from about the 8th century a.d. to the end of the 12th century, then applied to the hereditary officials who governed Japan, with the emperor as nominal ruler, until 1868, when the _________ was terminated and the ruling power was returned to the emperor. | 37 | |
| 7791250309 | Teotihuacan | A powerful city-state in central Mexico (100 B.C.E-750 C.E.). Its population was about 150,000 at its peak in 600. | 38 | |
| 7791248329 | Maya | Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributioons were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar. | 39 | |
| 7791248330 | Toltecs | Powerful postclassic empire in central Mexico (900-1168). It influences much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civiliaztion. | 40 | |
| 7791254120 | Song EMpire | Empire in central and southern China (960- 1126) while the Liao people controlled the north. Empire in southern China while the Jin people controlled the north. Distinguished for its advances in technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics. | 41 | |
| 7791248331 | Aztecs | Also known as Mexica, the _______ created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as tax. | 42 | |
| 7791247069 | Tenochtitlan | Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 125,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins. | 43 | |
| 7791247070 | Tribute system | A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies. | 44 | |
| 7791319409 | caliphate | Office established in succession to the Prophet uhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of that empire | 45 |
