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| 328271954 | Leonardo Da Vinci | Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect | 0 | |
| 328271955 | William Shakespeare | English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616) | 1 | |
| 328271956 | Sir thomas More | (1478-1535) Englishman, lawyer, politician, Chancellor for Henry VIII. Wrote Utopia which presented a revolutionary view of society, in which the problems of society were caused by greed. Executed by Henry VIII for not compromising his religious beliefs. | 2 | |
| 328271957 | Erasmus | (1466?-1536) Dutch Humanist and friend of Sir Thomas More. Perhaps the most intellectual man in Europe and widely respected. Believed the problems in the Catholic Church could be fixed; did not suport the idea of a Reformation. Wrote Praise of Folly. | 3 | |
| 328271958 | King Henry 8 | English ruler who broke away from the catholic church and created Anglican church(church of England) during 1530s | 4 | |
| 328271959 | Martin Luther | Believed people were saved by faith alone, indulgences are inappropriate source of money, sole religious power rests in the Bible, and priests have no power in salvation | 5 | |
| 328271960 | Lutherans | The religious community who followed Luther's teachings. | 6 | |
| 328271961 | The Index | The list of books prohibited by the Catholic Church (obviously Luther's and Calvin's works are included in the Index). The goal was to protect the faith and morals of Catholics by preventing people from being contaminated. It was created during the Counter-Reformation as a way of stopping the spread of Protestantism. | 7 | |
| 328271962 | The Enlightenment | A philosophical movement which started in Europe in the 1700's and spread to the colonies. It emphasized reason and the scientific method. Writers of the enlightenment tended to focus on government, ethics, and science, rather than on imagination, emotions, or religion. Many members of the Enlightenment rejected traditional religious beliefs in favor of Deism, which holds that the world is run by natural laws without the direct intervention of God. | 8 | |
| 328271963 | Mandate of Heavan | People believed that heaven gave them the authority to rule. They also believed that heaven would take it away | 9 | |
| 328271964 | Divine Right | belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god. | 10 | |
| 328271965 | Thomas Hobbes | wrote "Leviathan" and believed people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish; he also believed only a powerful governemnt could keep an orderly society | 11 | |
| 328271966 | John Locke | English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. | 12 | |
| 328271967 | Jean - Jacques Rousseau | A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy | 13 | |
| 328271968 | Vasco Da Gama | Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. (p. 428) | 14 | |
| 328271969 | Treaty Of Tordesillas | Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas. | 15 | |
| 328271970 | Ponce De Leon | Spanish explorer who led the first expedition to Florida. The place where he first landed was later settled by the Spanish. In 1565, St. Augustine became the first permanent Spanish settlement in what is now the United States. It is the oldest city in our country. | 16 | |
| 328271971 | Vasco de Balboa | Spanish explorer who discovered the Pacific Ocean (1475-1519) | 17 | |
| 328271972 | Amerigo Vespucci | Florentine navigator who explored the coast of South America | 18 | |
| 328271973 | Ferdinand Magelian | Portugese navigator who led the Spanish expidition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world | 19 |
