Terms : Hide Images
| 6680473877 | King Menes | Consolidated Egypt into a kingdom around 3,100 BC by unifying Upper and Lower Egypt. | 0 | |
| 6680476420 | Assurbanipal | King of Assyria. After he died, his consolidations were too large and his empire fell apart and Mesopotamia was conquered by other empires. Live around 600 BC. | 1 | |
| 6680481774 | Hammurabi | Lived around 1700 BC, created a strict system of laws, influenced Western legal system. His laws set forth the standards by which people would be held accountable in legal situations; and second, they set forth what would happen as a result of any crime committed. | 2 | |
| 6727769636 | Akhenaten | Temporarily forced Egypt to convert to monotheism in favor of his own sun god, but after Akhenaten died, the Egyptians returned to their polytheistic, traditional faith. Lived around 1350 BC. | 3 | |
| 6728464082 | Yu the Engineer | Founded the Xia dynasty. Left a government in which the ruler's child would automatically receive the position of power upon the original ruler's death. Second, he invented ways to control and manage the Yellow River. Third, he encouraged people to study metals. | 4 | |
| 6728563352 | King Wu | Founded the Zhou dynasty. | 5 | |
| 6729061690 | Djoser | 2630 BC. Early king of Egypt who built the precursors to pyramids | 6 | |
| 6729310765 | Confucius | Lived from 551-478 BC. Founded Confucianism. Thought that if people began with good behavior and acted virtuously on a small level, at home, their behavior and ideas would expand outward into government and society. | 7 | |
| 6729395341 | Lao-tzu | Lived around 400 BC. Founded Daoism. | 8 | |
| 6729730703 | Siddhartha Gautama | Founded Buddhism. | 9 | |
| 6730072530 | Ashoka | Mauryan ruler. Popularized Buddhism in India around 260 BC. Kind ruler who was religiously tolerant. | 10 | |
| 6730741259 | Mencius | Lived from 371-289 BC. Encouraged people to trust more in their fellows as they participated in the Confucian lifestyle and to trust in the belief that moral behavior is innate. Advocate of the Mandate of Heaven. | 11 | |
| 6730755009 | Xunzi | Lived from 310-210. Confucian who believed that moral behavior had to be taught. Did not believe in the innate goodness of humanity. | 12 | |
| 6730830466 | Zhu Xi | Major founder of Neo Confucianism during the Song dynasty. | 13 | |
| 6730919029 | Zhaungzi | Lived from 369-286 BC. Wrote the second most important Daoist work called Zhaungzi. | 14 | |
| 6741849268 | Zarathushtra / Zoroaster | Could have lived as early as 1700 BC and as late as 500 BC. Founder of Zoroastrianism. | 15 | |
| 6741907198 | Darius | Emperor of Persia from 541-486 BC. Popularized Zoroastrianism and gave it state sponsorship. Made several bureaucratic innovations in how the Persian government ran and found another way of funding his court by systemizing taxes. In addition, Darius made improvements to his empire's legal system. His capital was the center of art in Persia. | 16 | |
| 6742519981 | Mani | Founder of Manichaeism. Lived from 216-272 AD. | 17 | |
| 6742646750 | Abraham | Founder of the Jewish religion. Lived around 1850 BC. | 18 | |
| 6742650100 | Moses | Important Jewish figure. Lived around 1300 BC. | 19 | |
| 6742760224 | King Saul | The Israelite tribes united under him in 1000 BC. | 20 | |
| 6742764784 | King David | Ruled from 1000-970 BC. Great Israelite ruler who encouraged taxes and military preparation. | 21 | |
| 6742771668 | King Solomon | Ruled from 970-930 BC. Great Israelite ruler who emphasized trade and religious worship. Built the Solomon's Temple. Trade was important because Israel lacked cedar, which would build the temple. | 22 | |
| 6742816924 | Nebuchadnezzar | Assyrian king who demolished the temple that Solomon had built and forced the important authority figures out of Judah to Babylon. | 23 | |
| 6742836648 | Pompey | Roman general. Conquered Israel in 63 BC. | 24 | |
| 6742845685 | Herod the Great | Lived from 40-4 BC. The Jews did not like Herod very much; he appears to have been a cruel and unforgiving man. Yet he had many achievements as the ruler of Judah, including the creation of many fabulous buildings throughout the region. However, the financial burden of such creation fell on the Jewish citizens of Judah. Herod also made Jerusalem his capital and worked to repair Solomon's Temple there. | 25 | |
| 6742854818 | Archelaos | Ruled from 4 BC to 6 AD. Archelaos was much crueler than his father, and the Jews protested his rule to the current Roman emperor, Caesar Augustus. Caesar Augustus removed Archelaos, but then made Judah into a province governed by a Roman prefect, rather than a semi-independent nation ruled by a king. | 26 | |
| 6742928967 | Jesus | Founder of Christianity. Lived from 4 BC to 30 AD. Jewish wise man who preached love and compassion and became a martyr for his faith | 27 | |
| 6742971151 | Paul of Tarsus | The missionary who helped spread Christianity and convert people to it. Lived around 50 AD. | 28 | |
| 6743054760 | Constantine | Roman emperor who converted to Christianity in 312 AD. Battled for power as a tetrarch after Diocletian was not the ruler anymore. Used religion as a tool to bring the empire together. Moved capital of Rome to Byzantium, which he renamed Constantinople. | 29 | |
| 6743070991 | Theodosius | Made Christianity the official Roman state religion in 392 AD. | 30 | |
| 6743080741 | St. Augustine | Lived from 354-430 AD. Tried to evaluate Christian ideas in terms of other moral concerns, such as autonomy and self-rule, and to integrate it with scholarly ideas from Greek and Roman society. | 31 | |
| 6745978049 | King Minos | Founder of Minoan civilization on Crete. Lived around 2200 BC. Part of the Minotaur legend. | 32 | |
| 6746090074 | Alexander the Great | Conqueror from the Greek area. Hellenized the areas he went to. Influenced Buddhist artwork. Land trade became more common under his rule. Lived from 356-323 BC. Became the Persian emperor after taking over that land. His empire split into three zones in 275 BC. | 33 | |
| 6746192052 | Solon | Athens politician who lived around 590 BC. interceded between the rich and the poor in Athens to find a solution that would suit everyone. He tried to find a middle ground and provide benefits to people of all classes. Solon's eventual plan included dividing Athenian society into four groups according to income. Solon made it possible for the people who owed money to receive reprieves, and he prohibited slavery as a means of paying debts. However, the Athenians still permitted slavery. Finally, Solon also made it possible for people from different classes to participate in the governmental process. At first, any Athenian male with enough money and who had his freedom could participate; later this restriction was also lifted. | 34 | |
| 6746214383 | Pisistratus | Athenian politician who came to power in 546 BC. He increased strong architecture in Athens and supported religion and arts. | 35 | |
| 6746219030 | Pericles | Athenian politician. Helped create jobs, bolster the city, and increase intellectual practices in the region. He also helped establish three sections of government: the People's Courts, the Council of 500, and the Popular Assembly. Ruled around 450 BC. | 36 | |
| 6746227739 | Cyrus | Persian conqueror who lived around 500 BC. | 37 | |
| 6746233652 | Xerxes | Ruled from 486-465 BC. Persian emperor who threatened the Greeks. | 38 | |
| 6746272626 | Thucydides | Greek historian who wrote about the Peloponnesian War. | 39 | |
| 6746287055 | King Philip II | Ruled from 359-336 BC in Macedon. Father of Alexander the Great. Initially began conquests that Alexander would later continue. | 40 | |
| 6746782409 | Cleopatra | Ruled Ptolemaic empire from 51-30 BC when the empire fell. | 41 | |
| 6746836705 | Socrates | Lived from 470-399 BC. Greek philosopher. Wanted to understand human mind. "Knew nothing." | 42 | |
| 6746849167 | Plato | Lived from 428-347 BC. Greek philosopher. Wrote The Republic, which is about government and politics. Wanted to comprehend the moral nature of humanity. Interested in the "ideal and true." Founded the Academy. | 43 | |
| 6746865145 | Aristotle | Lived from 384-322 BC. Greek philosopher. Understand the world with your senses. Created a school called the Lyceum. | 44 | |
| 6749321966 | Romulus | Mythical founder of Rome. | 45 | |
| 6749375867 | Brutus | Roman who overthrew the Roman monarchy and helped establish the Roman Republic in 500 BC. | 46 | |
| 6769884613 | Gaius and Tiberius Gracchus | Lived around 100 BC. The two brothers wanted to shorten the gap between the extremely rich landowners and the rather poor commoners, and they sought to do so by advocating for new laws. Wanted to limit the size of latifundias, and the upper class, feeling threatened, had both of them assassinated. | 47 | |
| 6769905979 | Lucius Cornelius Sulla | Roman military leader who wanted to preserve the old ways after the Gracchus incident. Took power after Marius died and killed off his opponents. | 48 | |
| 6769912668 | Gaius Marius | Roman military leader who wanted to bring change to the Republic after the Gracchus incident. Popular among the poor, and won Rome for a year. When he died, Sulla took over. | 49 | |
| 6769927078 | Julius Caesar | Roman general who conquered Gaul and later became a dictator in 45 BC. Related to Marius and got support by association. awarded greater freedom to the plebeians and kept the patricians from increasing their wealth too quickly. Caesar, who extended the reach of Rome's Republic by setting up colonies in the areas his armies had conquered, helped set up poorer plebeians in those areas and enabled them to make better lives for themselves outside of Rome. Caesar also helped diminish the amount of people working as slaves and enabled more people in the lands Rome had conquered to become free citizens of the region with according rights. Assassinated in 44 BC. Created the Julian calendar. | 50 | |
| 6770019533 | Mark Antony | Roman politician who tried to gain complete control of Rome after Caesar died. | 51 | |
| 6770023457 | Octavian / Augustus | Roman politician who gained complete control of Rome after Caesar died. Emperor of Rome from 27 BC to 14 AD. Had to deal with the problems of a disorganized army, untrusting government, and suffering citizens at the beginning of his career. Halted empire expansion. Created the Praetorian Guard. Deferential to the patricians. Managed to keep the upper classes happy while slowly transferring more and more of their governmental power to himself. Perpetuated ideas of equality. | 52 | |
| 6779681594 | Diocletian | Roman ruler from 284-305 AD. Split Rome into two parts with official government positions. Each section had two rulers. Slowed the financial crisis. Forced people to work undesirable jobs. | 53 | |
| 6779703686 | Attila | A Hun. Started his rule in 434 AD. Pushed for more territory for his people. Allied with the Vandals and Franks. Attacked Rome and the Ostrogoths. | 54 | |
| 6782243406 | Marcus Tullius Cicero | Lived from 106-43 BC. Roman stoic. | 55 | |
| 6795842261 | Justinian | Ruler of the Byzantine empire from 527-565 AD. Made a law code. Tried to take back Italy as a way to reunify Rome. | 56 | |
| 6795988583 | Vladimir I | Lived from 958-1015 AD. Converted the Kievan empire to Orthodox Christianity. | 57 | |
| 6796043687 | Theodora | Justinian's powerful wife | 58 | |
| 6796098170 | Sergius | Byzantine patriarch who, in 1054 AD, tried to create unity in Christianity, but then the Great Schism happened. | 59 | |
| 6796150592 | Charlemagne | Frank ruler who lived from 742-814 AD and created an empire in Western Europe. | 60 | |
| 6796225138 | Cyril | Gave the Slavs the Cyrillic written language | 61 | |
| 6796288210 | Qin Shi Huangdi | Founder of the Qin dynasty. Lived from 259-210 BC. Undermined nobles power. Started the Great Wall of China with a huge amount of slave labor. Commissioned the terracotta army. Standardized coins, weights, and Chinese characters. | 62 | |
| 6796335611 | Liu Bang / Gaozu | Lived from 250-195 BC. Founder of the Han dynasty. Tried to do things very differently from the Qin emperor. | 63 | |
| 6796383128 | Liu Che / Han Wudi | A Han ruler who lived from 156-87 BC. Rule with a strict legalist policy. Invaded to the north and south, and then made other places pay tribute. Weakened the Xiongnu by allowing peasants to live on their land and protected by the military. Built roads and supported the silk road international trade. | 64 | |
| 6796929560 | Jimmu | First emperor of Japan. Lived from 660-585 BC | 65 | |
| 6797063743 | Chandragupta Maurya | The first emperor of the Mauryan Empire, who ruled from 340 to 298 BC. Improved trade with a postal system. Furthered military and trade pursuits. Eventually gave up rule to his son, who would be the eventual father of Ashoka. | 66 | |
| 6797273391 | Mansa Musa | Lived around 1300 AD. Probably the richest man ever. From Mali area. Travelled to Mecca and cemented Islam in the area. | 67 | |
| 6797802993 | Sui Yangdi | Ruled from 604-618. Last ruler of the Sui dynasty and created many ambitious projects. Eventual assassination led to downfall of his dynasty. | 68 | |
| 6807968603 | Mohammad | Born around 600 AD. Founder of Islam. Fled to Medina after him and his followers face persecution, but later conquered Mecca. | 69 | |
| 6807995034 | Abu Bakr | Became the caliph after Mohammad's death. Compiled the Quran. | 70 | |
| 6808040496 | Omar | Second caliph after Abu Bakr | 71 | |
| 6808053371 | Uthman | Third caliph after Omar. Assassinated. | 72 | |
| 6808864651 | Abu al-Abbas | Ruled the Abbasid caliphate in 750 AD | 73 | |
| 6809561318 | Osman | A Seljuk who would later found the Ottoman Empire after the Mongol power vacuum. | 74 | |
| 6812173721 | Genghis Khan | Born in 1167 AD. Created the largest empire in human history. | 75 | |
| 6812187944 | Kublai Khan | Established the Yuan dynasty in China and ruled there. | 76 | |
| 6812230767 | Ju Yuanzhang / Hongwu | poor Chinese peasant who led the final revolt that ousted the Mongols; founder of the Ming dynasty. Made reforms to help poor people. | 77 | |
| 6818765632 | Zheng He | Chinese explorer during the Ming Dynasty. Reinforced Chinese domination in the Indian Ocean Basin. | 78 | |
| 6819838707 | Chandra Gupta | Founder of the Gupta empire. | 79 | |
| 6829950871 | Kangxi | Qing emperor. Conquered tons of land. Laid foundation for political stability and economic prosperity. | 80 | |
| 6829972610 | Osman Bey | Founded the Ottoman Empire. | 81 | |
| 6829982500 | Mehmed II | Conquered Constantinople for the Ottoman Empire. | 82 | |
| 6830006694 | Suleiman | Pinnacle of Ottoman rulers. Conquered land, sponsored public projects, and gave new insight into legal theories. | 83 |
