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| 9945709202 | Hammurabi | From: Babylon What: King of Babylon; wrote Hammurabi's Code When: r. 1810 BCE - 1750 BCE How: Inscribed on 7-foot-tall basalt stele Why: To give a set of laws to the Babylonians | 0 | |
| 9945738238 | Genghis Khan | From: Mongol Empire What: Founded Mongol Empire, became first Great Khan When: r. 1206 CE - 1227 CE How: United many nomadic tribes in Asia Why: Chinese imperial interference, need for plunder | 1 | |
| 9961438489 | Ivan III "Ivan the Great" | From: Russia What: Russian prince; secured most of Great Russian lands either by conquest or treaty When: r. 1462 CE - 1505 CE How: He had a strong army Why: To expand Russia | 2 | |
| 9945326278 | Christopher Columbus | From: Genoa, Italy What: Found the Americas When: 1492 CE How: The trip funded by Spain Why: To get spices and sugar | 3 | |
| 9961363523 | Peter I "Peter the Great" | From: Russia What: Czar of Russia; gained a water port, created a strong navy, and Westernized much of Russia When: r. 1696 CE - 1725 CE How: Overcoming opposition from the country's medieval aristocracy Why: To reestablish the country as a great union | 4 | |
| 9961700481 | King Henry VIII Henry Tudor | From: England What: King of England; main instigator of the English Reformation; famously married 6 times When: r. 1509 CE - 1547 CE How: He declared himself supreme head of the Church of England in 1534 Why: The cardinal who he had been getting domestic and foreign policy advice from fell out of favor, bringing with him the rest of the church. | 5 | |
| 9961509466 | Ivan IV "Ivan the Terrible" | From: Russia What: First Czar of Russia; acquired vast amounts of land, created centrally controlled state, imposed military dominance, diminished power of boyars When: r. 1533 CE - 1584 CE How: Instituted regulations on the obligations of the boyar class, displaced and destroyed boyar families Why: He was paranoid and possibly mentally ill; he thought that the boyars would try to do something terrible to him after the death of his wife | 6 | |
| 9961602410 | Elizabeth I Elizabeth Tudor | From: England What: Queen of England; established Protestantism in England, defeated Spanish armada in 1588, maintained peace in her previously divided country, and created environment where the arts flourished When: r. 1558 CE - 1603 CE How: Led church reforms, as well as education reforms Why: To usher in an era of peace and prosperity known as the Golden Age | 7 | |
| 9945337283 | King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella | From: Spain What: Funded Columbus' trip When: 1492 CE How: They were rich, duh! Why: To get spices and sugar | 8 | |
| 9961296356 | Catherine II "Catherine the Great" | From: Poland What: Empress of Russia; reorganized administration and law, extended territory When: r. 1762 CE - 1796 CE How: Overthrew her husband Why: To gain power over the kingdom | 9 | |
| 9945439528 | Napoleon Bonaparte | From: France What: French Emperor; conquered much of Europe When: r. 1804 CE - 1814 CE, briefly 1815 CE (the Hundred Days) How: Commanded the army through politics and leadership Why: France was being attacked, so Napoleon counterattacked | 10 | |
| 9961764592 | 1) Catherine of Aragon, Spain (1509-1533) 2) Anne Boleyn of England (1533-1536) 3) Jane Seymour of England (1536-1537) 4) Anne of Cleves, Germany (1540) 5) Catherine Howard of England (1540-1541) 6) Catherine Parr of England (1543-1547) | 1) Divorced (adultery on Henry's part) 2) Beheaded (wrongful allegations) 3) Died (childbirth) 4) Divorced 5) Beheaded (adultery) 6) Survived (Henry died) The wives of Henry VIII of England | 11 | |
| 9979699985 | Marie Antoinette | From: France What: Last queen of France; wife of Louis XIV When: r. 1774 CE - 1791 CE How: Married Louis Auguste (Louis XIV) Why: Her mother wanted to have all of her children married into powerful and influential royal families. | 12 |
