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AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins

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6416894395Hunting and GatheringMeans of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization0
6416894396CivilizationSocieties with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups1
6416894397NeolithicThe New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished2
6416894398NomadsCattle- and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies3
6416894399CultureCombination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction4
6416894400Agrarian revolutionOccurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture5
6416894401PastoralismA nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies6
6416894402Catal HuyukEarly urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification7
6416894403Bronze AgeFrom 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing8
6416894404MesopotamiaLiterally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys9
6416894405Potter's wheelA technological advance in pottery making; invented circa 6000 B.C.E.; encouraged faster and higher-quality ceramic pottery products10
6416894406SumeriansPeople who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states11
6416894407CuneiformA form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets12
6416894408City-stateA form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king13
6416894409ZigguratsMassive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections14
6416894410Babylonian EmpireUnified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E.15
6416894411HammurabiThe most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law16
6416894412PharaohThe term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; the term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs17
6416894413PyramidsMonumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs18
6416894414HieroglyphsForm of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform19
6416894415KushAfrican state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile circa 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries20
6416894416MonotheismThe exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization21
6416894417PhoeniciansSeafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean22
6416894418Harappa and Mohenjo DaroMajor urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern23
6416894419AryansIndo-European nomadic, warlike, pastorialists who replaced Harappan civilization24
6416894420Huanghe (Yellow) River BasinSite of the development of sedentary agriculture in China25
6416894421Shang1st Chinese dynasty26
6416894422OraclesShamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpreting animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing27
6416894423Ideographic writingPictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing28
6416894424Big GeographyA term that draws attention to the global nature of world history.29
6416894425PaleolithicThe period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.30
6416894426Path of migration for humans during Paleolithic eraFrom Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas31
6416894427EglitarianBelieving in the equality of all peoples32
6416894428Humans developed a wider range of ____ specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundratools33
6416894429Neolithic RevolutionGlobal conversion to agriculture over hunter-gatherer lifestyles34
6416894430PatriarchyFather based35
6416894431Permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, possibly as a response to what?climatic change36
6416894432Pastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of of ____ and ___ that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizationsnew weapons modes of transportation37
6416894433name one mode of new transportation by the pastoralistsChariots Horseback riding38
6416894434Elites, both political and religious, promoted ____ and ____arts artisanship39
6416894435____ arose independently arose independently in all early civilization and subsequently were diffusedsystems of record keeping40
6416894436_____ developed in this period continued to have strong influences in later periodsNew religious beliefs41

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