Terms : Hide Images
| 7508505356 | Agriculture | The practice of raising crops or livestock on a continual and controlled basis. |  | 0 |
| 7508505357 | Artisan | A skilled craftsperson. |  | 1 |
| 7508505358 | Domestication | The taming of animals and plants for human use, such as for labor or food. | 2 | |
| 7508505359 | Eurasia | The large landmass that includes both Europe and Asia. |  | 3 |
| 7508505360 | Animism | The belief that animals, Rivers, and other elements of nature embody spirits. | 4 | |
| 7508505361 | Hunter-foragers | People who survived by hunting animals and foraging for seeds, nuts, fruits, and edible roots. |  | 5 |
| 7508505362 | Irrigation | A way of supplying water to an area of land, the people would use water from the rivers to irrigate their crops. |  | 6 |
| 7508505363 | Metallurgy | The science of the study of metals. |  | 7 |
| 7508505364 | Migration | A movement from one country or region to another. |  | 8 |
| 7508505365 | Monotheism | The belief in one God. | 9 | |
| 7508505366 | Paleolithic Period | Old Stone Age, where humanos used stone tools and weapons. |  | 10 |
| 7508505367 | Specialization of labor | The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work. |  | 11 |
| 7508505368 | Surplus | Having more resources than needed for themselves. | 12 | |
| 7508505369 | Textile | Items made of cloth, would be weaved by women and then decorated, usually all at home. |  | 13 |
| 7508505370 | Urbanization | An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements. | 14 | |
| 7508505371 | Overgrazing | The continual eating of grasses or their roots, without allowing them to regrow. |  | 15 |
| 7508505372 | Overfarming | Land loosing its fertility unless it is left fallow or it was fertilized usually by spreading of animal manure. |  | 16 |
| 7508505373 | Artifacts | Objects made and used by early humans, usually dug up by archaeologists. |  | 17 |
| 7508505374 | Homo Sapiens Sapiens | Also known as "early modern humans" who became the only hominids on earth- us. |  | 18 |
| 7508505375 | Neolithic Revolution | The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle. |  | 19 |
| 7508505376 | Bronze Age | The period in ancient human culture when people began to make and use bronze. |  | 20 |
| 7508505377 | Civilization | The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced. |  | 21 |
| 7508505378 | Jericho | One of the oldest first human cities that was built on the West Bank of the Jordan river. |  | 22 |
| 7508505379 | Catal Huyuk | Ancient city in present dat Turkey that was founded in 7500 B.C.E. along a river that has since dried up. |  | 23 |
| 7508505380 | Nomadic Pastoralism | People moving herds of animals from pasture to pasture. |  | 24 |
| 7508505381 | Kinship Group | Several related families that moved together in search of food. | 25 | |
| 7508505382 | Clan | Group of families with a common ancestor. |  | 26 |
| 7508505383 | Tribe | A group of people who share a common ancestry, language, name, and way of living. | 27 | |
| 7508505384 | Patriarchal | Relating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority. |  | 28 |
| 7508505385 | Merchants | People who buy and sell goods also known as traders. |  | 29 |
| 7508505386 | Social Stratification | The division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy. Some people accumulated wealth in the form of jewelry and others coveted items by building larger and better decorated houses. |  | 30 |
| 7508505387 | Priests and Priestesses | People who performed religious ceremonies. |  | 31 |
| 7508505388 | Tigris and Euphrates Rivers | Flow south from modern day Turkey through what is now Iraq to empty into the Persian Gulf. |  | 32 |
| 7508505389 | Mesopotamia | Land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers where many ancient civilizations arose from. |  | 33 |
| 7508505390 | Fertile Crescent | An arc of fertile land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf . |  | 34 |
| 7508505391 | Sumerians | Group of nomadic pastoralists that migrated into Mesopotamia and created a civilization of Sumer that provided the core and the foundation of several other civilizations. |  | 35 |
| 7508505392 | Ziggurats | Temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped. |  | 36 |
| 7508505393 | Desertification | The spread of desert like conditions. |  | 37 |
| 7508505394 | Indus River Valley | Developed near water and became the core and foundation of later civilizations in the region. | 38 | |
| 7508505395 | Environmental Degradation | Caused the gradual decline and eventual disappearance of the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations by soil eroding. | 39 | |
| 7508505396 | Deforestation | The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves. |  | 40 |
| 7508505397 | Loess | A wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt. | 41 | |
| 7508505398 | Mesoamerica | An area of ancient civilization in what is now Central America. |  | 42 |
| 7508505399 | Glyphs | The first writing system in the Americas that used pictures and symbols of real ojects. |  | 43 |
| 7508505400 | Barter | Trading system in which people exchange goods directly without using money. |  | 44 |
| 7508505401 | Polytheistic | Belief in many gods. |  | 45 |
| 7508505402 | Ziggurats | Temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped. | | 46 |
| 7508505403 | Astronomy | The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space. |  | 47 |
| 7508505404 | Astrology | Theory of the influence of planets and stars on human events. | 48 | |
| 7508505405 | Abraham | Founder of Judaism. | 49 | |
| 7508505406 | Moses | Led the Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt; received the 10 commandments. |  | 50 |
| 7508505407 | Ten Commandments | Laws given by God to Moses that tell Jews how to behave in their daily lives. | 51 | |
| 7508505408 | Jewish Diaspora | The scattering of the Jewish people outside their homeland beginning about 586 B.C.E. |  | 52 |
| 7508505409 | The Huang He and The Chiang Jiang | Where Chinas first civilizations developed. | 53 | |
| 7508505410 | Mummification | Involved removing the body's internal organs, drying the body with salts, and packing its insides and wrapping it with chemically treated cloth. |  | 54 |
| 7508505411 | Hieroglyphics | Egyptian writing that involved using pictures to represent words. |  | 55 |
| 7508505412 | Papyrus | A type of plant that grew along the Nile River, used its fibers to create a type of paper. |  | 56 |
| 7508505413 | Vedas | A collection of Aryan religious hymns, poems, and songs. |  | 57 |
| 7508505414 | Vedic Age | Aryans growing awareness of Dravidian beliefs. | 58 | |
| 7508505415 | Brahma | Overarching, universal soul that connects all creatures on Earth. | 59 | |
| 7508505416 | Dharma | In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties. | 60 | |
| 7508505417 | Karma | The effects that good or bad actions have on a person's soul. | 61 | |
| 7508505418 | Moksha | The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths. |  | 62 |
| 7508505419 | Ancestor Veneration | The believe of making offerings to their ancestors in hope to win their favor. |  | 63 |
| 7508505420 | Golden Age | A period in which a society or culture is at its peak. | 64 | |
| 7508505421 | Mandate of Heaven | A just rulers power was bestowed by the gods. |  | 65 |
| 7508505422 | Upanishads | A foundational text for the set of religious beliefs that later became known as Hinduism. | 66 | |
| 7508505423 | Pictographs | A graphic symbol that represents an idea, concept, or object, rather than representing a single sound, as letter systems do. |  | 67 |
| 7508505424 | Shamans | People who believed to have special abilities to cure the sick and influence the future. | 68 | |
| 7508505425 | Core and Foundational civilizations | Civilizations that developed ways of life, such as language, religious beliefs, and economic practices, that would heavily influence successor civilizations in their regions. | 69 | |
| 7508505426 | City-State | Typically covered several hundred square miles and were independent each with its own government. |  | 70 |
| 7508505427 | Kings | Sumerian military leaders became more important than priests and ruled over a territory known as a kingdom. |  | 71 |
| 7508505428 | Cuneiform | Sumerians created it to keep records which consisted of marks carved onto wet clay tablets. | 72 | |
| 7508505429 | Scribes | Individuals who were charged first with record-keeping and later with the writing of history and myths. |  | 73 |
| 7508505430 | The Epic of Gilgamesh | An epic poem from Mesopotamia, is among the earliest surviving works of literature. | 74 | |
| 7508505431 | Empire | Large territory that included diverse cultural groups. | 75 | |
| 7508505432 | Babylonians | Persians who took control of Mesopotamia and built a new capital city called Babylon. | 76 | |
| 7508505433 | Hammurabi | Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC), and created a set of laws called the Code of Hammurabi. |  | 77 |
| 7508505434 | Code of Hammurabi | Law code introduced when Hammurabi of Babylon took over Sumer in 1760 BC, that dealt with topics such as property rights, wages, contracts, marriage, and various crimes. |  | 78 |
| 7508505435 | Phoenicians | Most powerful traders along the Mediterranean, that occupied parts of present day Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan around 3000 B.C.E. |  | 79 |
| 7508505436 | Carthage | A Phoenician colony on the coast of North Africa, that became a significant outpost in the region. | 80 | |
| 7508505437 | Alphabetic script | A system of symbols (letters) that represent the sounds of speech, as an alternative to cuneiform around 1000 B.C.E. |  | 81 |
| 7508505438 | Sahara and Kalahari Deserts | Two desert zones one in Northern Africa and the other in Southern Africa. | 82 | |
| 7508505439 | Nile River | The river in which early kingdoms in Egypt were centered around. |  | 83 |
| 7508505440 | King Menes | United Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom and created the first royal dynasty. | 84 | |
| 7508505441 | Old Kingdom | A period in Egyptian history that lasted from about 2700 BC to 2200 BC. |  | 85 |
| 7508505442 | Middle Kingdom | A period of order and stability that lasted until about 1750 BC. |  | 86 |
| 7508505443 | New Kingdom | The period during which Egypt reached the height of its power and glory. |  | 87 |
| 7508505444 | Pharaoh | A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader. |  | 88 |
| 7508505445 | Theocrats | Rulers holding both religious and political power. | 89 | |
| 7508505446 | Hyksos | A group of nomadic invaders from southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C. |  | 90 |
| 7508505447 | Akhenaton | The pharaoh that tried to change Egypts religion and called for the worship of a sun god called Aten. |  | 91 |
| 7508505448 | Ramses the Great | Took the throne around 1290 B.C.E. who expanded the empire into Southwest Asia and built more temples and erected more statues than any other pharaoh. |  | 92 |
| 7508505449 | Hittites | Had military advantage over the Egyptians because they were beginning to use iron tools and weapons. |  | 93 |
| 7508505450 | Book of the Dead | Scrolls that served as a guide for the afterlife in ancient Egypt. |  | 94 |
| 7508505451 | Dravidians | Indigenous peoples of the Indian subcontinent. | 95 | |
| 7508505452 | Xia Dynasty | Lasted for about 400 years, little is known because early Chinese had no writing system. |  | 96 |
| 7508505453 | Shang Dynasty | Ruled for 600 years, conquered neighboring peoples and established an empire, wielded tremendous economic and religious power. |  | 97 |
| 7508505454 | Zhou Dynasty | The longest lasting Chinese dynasty, during which the use of iron was introduced. |  | 98 |
| 7508505455 | Feudalism | The network of regional rulers with relationships based on mutual defense agreements. |  | 99 |
| 7508505456 | Maize | One of the first important plants to be grown by the indigenous Americans. |  | 100 |
| 7508505457 | Chavin Civilization | Existed from around 1000 to 200 B.C.E, and centered at Chavin de Huantar. |  | 101 |
| 7508505458 | Olmec | The foundation or core of Mesoamerica advanced civilizations. |  | 102 |
| 7508505459 | Aboriginals | People in Australia who remained hunter-foragers. | 103 | |
| 7508505460 | Easter Island | Divided into clans, with a chief for each clan and one chief over all clans. |  | 104 |
