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AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER

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6019337688hunting and gatheringMeans of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization0
6019337689civilizationSocieties with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups1
6019337690neolithicThe New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished2
6019337691nomadic societieslivestock hearding societies that do not have a permanent settlement. normally found on the fringes of civilized (urban) societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies3
6019337692cultureCombination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction4
6019337693agrarian revolutionOccurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture5
6019337694pastoralismA nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies6
6019337695Catal HuyukEarly urban culture/civiization based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification7
6019337696Bronze AgeFrom 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing8
6019337697MesopotamiaLiterally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys9
6019337698potter's wheelA technological advance in pottery making; invented circa 6000 B.C.E.; encouraged faster and higher-quality ceramic pottery products10
6019337699SumeriansPeople who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states11
6019337700cuneiformA form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets12
6019337701city-stateA form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king13
6019337702ziggurata massive tower building usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections14
6019337703Babylonian EmpireUnified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E.15
6019337704HammurabiThe most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law16
6019337705PharaohThe term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; the term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs17
6019337706pyramidsMonumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs18
6019337707hieroglyphsForm of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform19
6019337708KushAfrican state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile circa 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries20
6019337709monotheismThe exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization21
6019337710PhoeniciansSeafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean22
6019337711Harappa and Mohenjo DaroMajor urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern23
6019337712AryansIndo-European nomadic, warlike, pastorialists who replaced Harappan civilization24
6019337713Huanghe (Yellow) River BasinSite of the development of sedentary agriculture in China25
6019337714Shang1st Chinese dynasty (after the legendary Xia)26
6019337715OraclesShamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpreting animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing27
6019337716ideographic writingPictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing28
6019337717Big GeographyA term that draws attention to the global nature of world history.29
6019337718PaleolithicThe period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.30
6019337719Human migration during Paleolithic eramovement of humans from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas31
6019337720eglitarianequality among people (no social levels)32
6019337721toolsHumans developed a wider range of ____ specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra33
6019337722Neolithic Revolutionperiod of change from hunter-gatherer lifesyle to agricultural lifestyles associated with domestication, farming, and settlement34
6019337723patriarchyfather based/male dominated society35
6019337724climatic changePermanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, possibly as a response to what?36
6019337725weaponsPastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of of ____ and forms of transportation that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizations37
6019337726horsesname one mode of new transportation by the pastoralists38
6019337727artElites, both political and religious, promoted ____.39
6019337728record-keeping systems___ arose independently in all early civilization sand subsequently were diffused40
6258510206Nile RiverThis river flooded regularly.41
6258514577Tigris RiverThis river's floods were unpredictable.42
6258523600MesopotamianUnpredictable weather patterns affected the development of the _____ civilization.43
6258531879Egyptian_______art demonstrated little change for nearly 1000 years.44
6258540255Nubia and KushKingdoms upriver from Egypt.45
6258552771Standard of Ur46
6258555099Harappan King or Priest Figure47
6258561726JerichoOne of the earliest cities: located in modern Israel.48
6258575962Catal-HyoukOne of the earliest cities: located in modern Turkey.49
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