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AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER

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7556133131hunting and gatheringMeans of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization0
7556133132civilizationSocieties with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups1
7556133133neolithicThe New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished2
7556133134nomadic societieslivestock hearding societies that do not have a permanent settlement. normally found on the fringes of civilized (urban) societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies3
7556133135cultureCombination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction4
7556133136agrarian revolutionOccurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture5
7556133137pastoralismA nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies6
7556133138Catal HuyukEarly urban culture/civiization based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification7
7556133139Bronze AgeFrom 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing8
7556133140MesopotamiaLiterally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys9
7556133141potter's wheelA technological advance in pottery making; invented circa 6000 B.C.E.; encouraged faster and higher-quality ceramic pottery products10
7556133142SumeriansPeople who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states11
7556133143cuneiformA form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets12
7556133144city-stateA form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king13
7556133145ziggurata massive tower building usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections14
7556133146Babylonian EmpireUnified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E.15
7556133147HammurabiThe most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law16
7556133148PharaohThe term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; the term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs17
7556133149pyramidsMonumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs18
7556133150hieroglyphsForm of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform19
7556133151KushAfrican state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile circa 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries20
7556133152monotheismThe exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization21
7556133153PhoeniciansSeafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean22
7556133154Harappa and Mohenjo DaroMajor urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern23
7556133155AryansIndo-European nomadic, warlike, pastorialists who replaced Harappan civilization24
7556133156Huanghe (Yellow) River BasinSite of the development of sedentary agriculture in China25
7556133157Shang1st Chinese dynasty (after the legendary Xia)26
7556133158OraclesShamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpreting animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing27
7556133159ideographic writingPictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing28
7556133160Big GeographyA term that draws attention to the global nature of world history.29
7556133161PaleolithicThe period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period.30
7556133162Human migration during Paleolithic eramovement of humans from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas31
7556133163eglitarianequality among people (no social levels)32
7556133164toolsHumans developed a wider range of ____ specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra33
7556133165Neolithic Revolutionperiod of change from hunter-gatherer lifesyle to agricultural lifestyles associated with domestication, farming, and settlement34
7556133166patriarchyfather based/male dominated society35
7556133167climatic changePermanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, possibly as a response to what?36
7556133168weaponsPastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of of ____ and forms of transportation that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizations37
7556133169horsesname one mode of new transportation by the pastoralists38
7556133170artElites, both political and religious, promoted ____.39
7556133171record-keeping systems___ arose independently in all early civilization sand subsequently were diffused40
7556133172Nile RiverThis river flooded regularly.41
7556133173Tigris RiverThis river's floods were unpredictable.42
7556133174MesopotamianUnpredictable weather patterns affected the development of the _____ civilization.43
7556133175Egyptian_______art demonstrated little change for nearly 1000 years.44
7556133176Nubia and KushKingdoms upriver from Egypt.45
7556133177Standard of Ur46
7556133178Harappan King or Priest Figure47
7556133179JerichoOne of the earliest cities: located in modern Israel.48
7556133180Catal-HyoukOne of the earliest cities: located in modern Turkey.49

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